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E. coli serotype O157: H7 is a rare variety of E. coli, a normal
inhabitant of the intestines of all animals, including humans. The
pathogen produces large quantities of one or more related potent
toxins, called Shiga toxins, which cause severe damage to the
lining of the intestine and to other target organs, such as the
kidneys. E. coli O157: H7 was first recognized as a cause of
illness in 1982 during an outbreak of severe bloody diarrhea that
was later traced to contaminated hamburgers. It has since been
implicated in a number of outbreaks of intestinal distress. The
most severe outcome in the general population is typically
hemorrhagic colitis, a prominent symptom of which is bloody
diarrhea. Some victims, particularly the very young, may develop
hemolytic uremic syndrome. Eating meat, particularly ground beef,
that has not been cooked sufficiently to kill E. coli O157: H7 is
thought to be the primary cause of infection. Among other known
sources of infection are consumption of contaminated sprouts,
lettuce, salami, and unpasteurized milk and fruit juice; swimming
in or drinking contaminated water; and contact with the stools of
infected animals or people
Funagl secondary growth is a common post-harvest problem when raw
materials are attacked by filamentous fungi during
storage,processing or handling.The antifungal protein AFP is
secreted from Aspergillus giganteus.It is specifically disturbs the
integrity of fungal cell walls and plasma membranes at low
concentrations.The applicability of AFP at different steps during
malting process, storage of some fruits and vegetables to
efficiently prevent secondary growth of filamentous fungi was
studied.AFP appeared to be very efficient against the main fungal
contaminants.The fungal growth was completely blocked and the
mycotoxin was reduced after addition of AFP.Significant improvement
in quality parameters and antioxidant activity of AFP- treated malt
was observed while chemically treated malts were negatively
affected.In vivo experiments showed that AFP could reduce
post-harvest diseases on tomato and mango fruits caused by
Alternaria alternata.A PCR systems for fungal strains detection and
quantification for HACCP applications were established.AFP is
considered as an excellent biological alternative to combat fungal
growth of filamentous fungi on many foodstuffs.
Today's fish industry is facing new challenges that require
intensive controls during their processing, storage or
distribution. Farmed Bolti fish (Oreochromis niloticus) is highly
adaptable kind preferred by most classes of people. Wide study on
selected antimicrobials and antioxidants individually or in
mixtures using of E. coli O157:H7 in vitro was carried out. Fish
was divided, treated then kept at either 3+1C or -18+1 until they
were organolyptically rejected. During subsequent storage, chemical
composition, freshness tests, physical and microbiological
properties and sensory evaluation for untreated and treated fish
were investigated. Obtained results indicated that E. coli O157:H7
was significantly affected and low detectable count after 3 days
was found. The shelf- life of treated Bolti fish was extended 5 and
11 days for un-eviscerated and eviscerated refrigerated fish,
respectively. The shelf-life stability could be prolonged 2 months
for frozen fish. Finally, our investigation recommends that using
this handling system could be a promising facility for improving
the shelf-life stability of refrigerated or frozen farmed Bolti
fish.
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