E. coli serotype O157: H7 is a rare variety of E. coli, a normal inhabitant of the intestines of all animals, including humans. The pathogen produces large quantities of one or more related potent toxins, called Shiga toxins, which cause severe damage to the lining of the intestine and to other target organs, such as the kidneys. E. coli O157: H7 was first recognized as a cause of illness in 1982 during an outbreak of severe bloody diarrhea that was later traced to contaminated hamburgers. It has since been implicated in a number of outbreaks of intestinal distress. The most severe outcome in the general population is typically hemorrhagic colitis, a prominent symptom of which is bloody diarrhea. Some victims, particularly the very young, may develop hemolytic uremic syndrome. Eating meat, particularly ground beef, that has not been cooked sufficiently to kill E. coli O157: H7 is thought to be the primary cause of infection. Among other known sources of infection are consumption of contaminated sprouts, lettuce, salami, and unpasteurized milk and fruit juice; swimming in or drinking contaminated water; and contact with the stools of infected animals or people

Funagl secondary growth is a common post-harvest problem when raw materials are attacked by filamentous fungi during storage,processing or handling.The antifungal protein AFP is secreted from Aspergillus giganteus.It is specifically disturbs the integrity of fungal cell walls and plasma membranes at low concentrations.The applicability of AFP at different steps during malting process, storage of some fruits and vegetables to efficiently prevent secondary growth of filamentous fungi was studied.AFP appeared to be very efficient against the main fungal contaminants.The fungal growth was completely blocked and the mycotoxin was reduced after addition of AFP.Significant improvement in quality parameters and antioxidant activity of AFP- treated malt was observed while chemically treated malts were negatively affected.In vivo experiments showed that AFP could reduce post-harvest diseases on tomato and mango fruits caused by Alternaria alternata.A PCR systems for fungal strains detection and quantification for HACCP applications were established.AFP is considered as an excellent biological alternative to combat fungal growth of filamentous fungi on many foodstuffs.

Today's fish industry is facing new challenges that require intensive controls during their processing, storage or distribution. Farmed Bolti fish (Oreochromis niloticus) is highly adaptable kind preferred by most classes of people. Wide study on selected antimicrobials and antioxidants individually or in mixtures using of E. coli O157:H7 in vitro was carried out. Fish was divided, treated then kept at either 3+1C or -18+1 until they were organolyptically rejected. During subsequent storage, chemical composition, freshness tests, physical and microbiological properties and sensory evaluation for untreated and treated fish were investigated. Obtained results indicated that E. coli O157:H7 was significantly affected and low detectable count after 3 days was found. The shelf- life of treated Bolti fish was extended 5 and 11 days for un-eviscerated and eviscerated refrigerated fish, respectively. The shelf-life stability could be prolonged 2 months for frozen fish. Finally, our investigation recommends that using this handling system could be a promising facility for improving the shelf-life stability of refrigerated or frozen farmed Bolti fish.