While compilers for high-level programming languages are large complex software systems, they have particular characteristics that differentiate them from other software systems. Their functionality is almost completely well-defined - ideally there exist complete precise descriptions of the source and target languages. Additional descriptions of the interfaces to the operating system, programming system and programming environment, and to other compilers and libraries are often available. The book deals with the optimization phase of compilers. In this phase, programs are transformed in order to increase their efficiency. To preserve the semantics of the programs in these transformations, the compiler has to meet the associated applicability conditions. These are checked using static analysis of the programs. In this book the authors systematically describe the analysis and transformation of imperative and functional programs. In addition to a detailed description of important efficiency-improving transformations, the book offers a concise introduction to the necessary concepts and methods, namely to operational semantics, lattices, and fixed-point algorithms. This book is intended for students of computer science. The book is supported throughout with examples, exercises and program fragments.

While compilers for high-level programming languages are large complex software systems, they have particular characteristics that differentiate them from other software systems. Their functionality is almost completely well-defined - ideally there exist complete precise descriptions of the source and target languages, while additional descriptions of the interfaces to the operating system, programming system and programming environment, and to other compilers and libraries are often available. The implementation of application systems directly in machine language is both difficult and error-prone, leading to programs that become obsolete as quickly as the computers for which they were developed. With the development of higher-level machine-independent programming languages came the need to offer compilers that were able to translate programs into machine language. Given this basic challenge, the different subtasks of compilation have been the subject of intensive research since the 1950s.

This book is not intended to be a cookbook for compilers, instead the authors' presentation reflects the special characteristics of compiler design, especially the existence of precise specifications of the subtasks. They invest effort to understand these precisely and to provide adequate concepts for their systematic treatment. This is the first book in a multivolume set, and here the authors describe what a compiler does, i.e., what correspondence it establishes between a source and a target program. To achieve this the authors specify a suitable virtual machine (abstract machine) and exactly describe the compilation of programs of each source language into the language of the associated virtual machine for an imperative, functional, logic and object-oriented programming language.

This book is intended for students of computer science. Knowledge of at least one imperative programming language is assumed, while for the chapters on the translation of functional and logic programming languages it would be helpful to know a modern functional language and Prolog. The book is supported throughout with examples, exercises and program fragments.

While compilers for high-level programming languages are large complex software systems, they have particular characteristics that differentiate them from other software systems. Their functionality is almost completely well-defined ideally there exist complete precise descriptions of the source and target languages. Additional descriptions of the interfaces to the operating system, programming system and programming environment, and to other compilers and libraries are often available.

This book deals with the analysis phase of translators for programming languages. It describes lexical, syntactic and semantic analysis, specification mechanisms for these tasks from the theory of formal languages, and methods for automatic generation based on the theory of automata. The authors present a conceptual translation structure, i.e., a division into a set of modules, which transform an input program into a sequence of steps in a machine program, and they then describe the interfaces between the modules. Finally, the structures of real translators are outlined. The book contains the necessary theory and advice for implementation.

This book is intended for students of computer science. The book is supported throughout with examples, exercises and program fragments.

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While compilers for high-level programming languages are large complex software systems, they have particular characteristics that differentiate them from other software systems. Their functionality is almost completely well-defined - ideally there exist complete precise descriptions of the source and target languages. Additional descriptions of the interfaces to the operating system, programming system and programming environment, and to other compilers and libraries are often available. This book deals with the analysis phase of translators for programming languages. It describes lexical, syntactic and semantic analysis, specification mechanisms for these tasks from the theory of formal languages, and methods for automatic generation based on the theory of automata. The authors present a conceptual translation structure, i.e., a division into a set of modules, which transform an input program into a sequence of steps in a machine program, and they then describe the interfaces between the modules. Finally, the structures of real translators are outlined. The book contains the necessary theory and advice for implementation. This book is intended for students of computer science. The book is supported throughout with examples, exercises and program fragments.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st European Symposium on Programming, ESOP 2012, held in Tallinn, Estonia, as part of ETAPS 2012, in March/April 2012. The 28 full papers, presented together with one full length invited talk, were carefully reviewed and selected from 92 submissions. Papers were invited on all aspects of programming language research, including: programming paradigms and styles, methods and tools to write and specify programs and languages, methods and tools for reasoning about programs, methods and tools for implementation, and concurrency and distribution.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Foundations of Software Science and Computation Structures, FOSSACS 2007, held in Braga, Portugal in March/April 2007. The 25 revised full papers presented together with the abstract of one invited talk cover a broad spectrum on theories and methods to support analysis, synthesis, transformation and verification of programs and software systems.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 19th International Colloquium on Theoretical Aspects of Computing, ICTAC 2022, which took place in Tbilisi, Georgia, in September 2022.The 23 papers presented in this volume together with 2 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 52 submissions. The book deals with challenges in both theoretical aspects of computing and the exploitation of theory through methods and tools for system development.

While compilers for high-level programming languages are large complex software systems, they have particular characteristics that differentiate them from other software systems. Their functionality is almost completely well-defined - ideally there exist complete precise descriptions of the source and target languages. Additional descriptions of the interfaces to the operating system, programming system and programming environment, and to other compilers and libraries are often available. The book deals with the optimization phase of compilers. In this phase, programs are transformed in order to increase their efficiency. To preserve the semantics of the programs in these transformations, the compiler has to meet the associated applicability conditions. These are checked using static analysis of the programs. In this book the authors systematically describe the analysis and transformation of imperative and functional programs. In addition to a detailed description of important efficiency-improving transformations, the book offers a concise introduction to the necessary concepts and methods, namely to operational semantics, lattices, and fixed-point algorithms. This book is intended for students of computer science. The book is supported throughout with examples, exercises and program fragments.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on Static Analysis, SAS 2014, held in Munich, Germany, in September 2014. The 20 revised full papers were selected from 53 submissions and are presented together with 3 invited talks. The papers address all aspects of static analysis, including abstract interpretation, abstract testing, bug detection, data flow analysis, model checking, program transformation, program verification, security analysis, and type checking.

Dieses Buch behandelt die Optimierungsphase von UEbersetzern. In dieser Phase werden Programme zur Effizienzsteigerung transformiert. Damit die Semantik der Programme bei diesen Transformationen erhalten bleibt, mussen jeweils zugehoerige Anwendbarkeitsbedingungen erfullt sein. Diese werden mittels statischer Analyse der Programme uberpruft. In diesem Buch werden Analysen und Transformationen imperativer und funktionaler Programme systematisch beschrieben. Neben einer detaillierten Beschreibung wichtiger Optimierungen bietet das Buch eine knappe Einfuhrung in die erforderlichen Konzepte und Methoden zur operationalen Semantik, zu vollstandigen Verbanden und Fixpunktalgorithmen.

Virtuelle Maschinen sind Abstraktionen von realen Rechnern. Meist sind sie in Software realisiert. Haufig sind sie fur eine spezielle Programmiersprache entworfen. Dieses Buch beschreibt die Ubersetzung von imperativen, funktionalen, logischen und objekt-orientierten Programmiersprachen. Fur jedes dieser Sprachparadigmen wird eine virtuelle Maschine eingefuhrt und die Ubersetzung einer Quellsprache in die Sprache der virtuellen Maschine prazise aber verstandlich beschrieben."

Das Buch behandelt die Analysephase von Ubersetzern fur Programmiersprachen. Die Autoren beschreiben die lexikalische, syntaktische und semantische Analyse sowie Spezifikationsmechanismen fur diese Aufgaben aus der Theorie der formalen Sprachen und automatische Erzeugungsverfahren aus der Theorie der Automaten. Vorgestellt wird eine konzeptionelle Ubersetzerstruktur, mit der ein Eingabe- in ein Maschinenprogramm transformiert wird. Das Buch enthalt neben der notwendigen Theorie auch Hinweise zur Implementierung von Ubersetzern.