The creation and consumption of content, especially visual content, is ingrained into our modern world. This book contains a collection of texts centered on the evaluation of image retrieval systems. To enable reproducible evaluation we must create standardized benchmarks and evaluation methodologies. The individual chapters in this book highlight major issues and challenges in evaluating image retrieval systems and describe various initiatives that provide researchers with the necessary evaluation resources. In particular they describe activities within ImageCLEF, an initiative to evaluate cross-language image retrieval systems which has been running as part of the Cross Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF) since 2003.

To this end, the editors collected contributions from a range of people: those involved directly with ImageCLEF, such as the organizers of specific image retrieval or annotation tasks; participants who have developed techniques to tackle the challenges set forth by the organizers; and people from industry and academia involved with image retrieval and evaluation generally.

Mostly written for researchers in academia and industry, the book stresses the importance of combing textual and visual information - a multimodal approach - for effective retrieval. It provides the reader with clear ideas about information retrieval and its evaluation in contexts and domains such as healthcare, robot vision, press photography, and the Web.

This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license. This book presents the VISCERAL project benchmarks for analysis and retrieval of 3D medical images (CT and MRI) on a large scale, which used an innovative cloud-based evaluation approach where the image data were stored centrally on a cloud infrastructure and participants placed their programs in virtual machines on the cloud. The book presents the points of view of both the organizers of the VISCERAL benchmarks and the participants. The book is divided into five parts. Part I presents the cloud-based benchmarking and Evaluation-as-a-Service paradigm that the VISCERAL benchmarks used. Part II focuses on the datasets of medical images annotated with ground truth created in VISCERAL that continue to be available for research. It also covers the practical aspects of obtaining permission to use medical data and manually annotating 3D medical images efficiently and effectively. The VISCERAL benchmarks are described in Part III, including a presentation and analysis of metrics used in evaluation of medical image analysis and search. Lastly, Parts IV and V present reports by some of the participants in the VISCERAL benchmarks, with Part IV devoted to the anatomy benchmarks and Part V to the retrieval benchmark. This book has two main audiences: the datasets as well as the segmentation and retrieval results are of most interest to medical imaging researchers, while eScience and computational science experts benefit from the insights into using the Evaluation-as-a-Service paradigm for evaluation and benchmarking on huge amounts of data.

This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license. This book presents the VISCERAL project benchmarks for analysis and retrieval of 3D medical images (CT and MRI) on a large scale, which used an innovative cloud-based evaluation approach where the image data were stored centrally on a cloud infrastructure and participants placed their programs in virtual machines on the cloud. The book presents the points of view of both the organizers of the VISCERAL benchmarks and the participants. The book is divided into five parts. Part I presents the cloud-based benchmarking and Evaluation-as-a-Service paradigm that the VISCERAL benchmarks used. Part II focuses on the datasets of medical images annotated with ground truth created in VISCERAL that continue to be available for research. It also covers the practical aspects of obtaining permission to use medical data and manually annotating 3D medical images efficiently and effectively. The VISCERAL benchmarks are described in Part III, including a presentation and analysis of metrics used in evaluation of medical image analysis and search. Lastly, Parts IV and V present reports by some of the participants in the VISCERAL benchmarks, with Part IV devoted to the anatomy benchmarks and Part V to the retrieval benchmark. This book has two main audiences: the datasets as well as the segmentation and retrieval results are of most interest to medical imaging researchers, while eScience and computational science experts benefit from the insights into using the Evaluation-as-a-Service paradigm for evaluation and benchmarking on huge amounts of data.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Medical Computer Vision, MCV 2013, held in Nagoya, Japan, in September 2013 in conjunction with the 16th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2013. The 7 revised full papers and 12 poster papers presented were selected from 25 submissions. They have been organized in topical sections on registration and visualization, segmentation, detection and localization, and features and retrieval. In addition, the volume contains two invited papers describing segmentation task and data set of the VISCERAL benchmark challenge.

The research domains information retrieval and information visualization have always been independent from each other. However, they have the potential to be mutually beneficial. With this in mind, a writer school was organized in Zinal, Switzerland, in January 2012, within the context of the EU-funded research project PROMISE (Participative Research Laboratory for Multimedia and Multilingual Information Systems Evaluation). PROMISE aims at advancing the experimental evaluation of complex multimedia and multilingual information systems in order to support individuals, commercial entities, and communities who design, develop, employ, and improve such complex systems. The overall goal of PROMISE is to deliver a unified environment collecting data, knowledge, tools, and methodologies, and to help the user community involved in experimental evaluation.

This book constitutes the outcome of the PROMISE Winter School 2012 and contains 11 invited lectures from the research domains information retrieval and information visualization. A large variety of subjects are covered, including hot topics such as crowdsourcing and social media.

The pervasive creation and consumption of content, especially visual content, is ingrained into our modern world. We're constantly consuming visual media content, in printed form and in digital form, in work and in leisure pursuits. Like our cave- man forefathers, we use pictures to record things which are of importance to us as memory cues for the future, but nowadays we also use pictures and images to document processes; we use them in engineering, in art, in science, in medicine, in entertainment and we also use images in advertising. Moreover, when images are in digital format, either scanned from an analogue format or more often than not born digital, we can use the power of our computing and networking to exploit images to great effect. Most of the technical problems associated with creating, compressing, storing, transmitting, rendering and protecting image data are already solved. We use - cepted standards and have tremendous infrastructure and the only outstanding ch- lenges, apart from managing the scale issues associated with growth, are to do with locating images. That involves analysing them to determine their content, clas- fying them into related groupings, and searching for images. To overcome these challenges we currently rely on image metadata, the description of the images, - ther captured automatically at creation time or manually added afterwards.

Irrespective of whether we use economic or societal metrics, the Internet is one of the most important technical infrastructures in existence today. It will be a catalyst for much of our innovation and prosperity in the future. A competitive Europe will require Internet connectivity and services beyond the capabilities offered by current technologies. Future Internet research is therefore a must.
This book is published in full compliance with the Open Access publishing initiative; it is based on the research carried out within the Future Internet Assembly (FIA). It contains a sample of representative results from the recent FIA meetings spanning a broad range of topics, all being of crucial importance for the future Internet.

The book includes 32 contributions and has been structured into the following sections, each of which is preceded by a short introduction:

Foundations: architectural issues; socio-economic issues; security and trust; and experiments and experimental design. Future Internet Areas: networks, services, and content; and applications. "

We are pleased to present this set of peer-reviewed papers from the ?rst MICCAI Workshop on Medical Content-Based Retrieval for Clinical Decision Support. The MICCAI conference has been the ?agship conference for the m- ical imaging community re?ecting the state of the art in techniques of segm- tation, registration, and robotic surgery. Yet, the transfer of these techniques to clinical practice is rarely discussed in the MICCAI conference. To address this gap, we proposed to hold this workshop with MICCAI in London in September 2009. The goal of the workshop was to show the application of content-based retrieval in clinical decision support. With advances in electronic patient record systems, a large number of pre-diagnosed patient data sets are now bec- ing available. These data sets are often multimodal consisting of images (x-ray, CT, MRI), videos and other time series, and textual data (free text reports and structuredclinicaldata). Analyzing thesemultimodalsourcesfordisease-speci?c information across patients can reveal important similarities between patients and hence their underlying diseases and potential treatments. Researchers are now beginning to use techniques of content-based retrieval to search for disea- speci?c information in modalities to ?nd supporting evidence for a disease or to automatically learn associations of symptoms and diseases. Benchmarking frameworks such as ImageCLEF (Image retrieval track in the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum) have expanded over the past ?ve years to include large m- ical image collections for testing various algorithms for medical image retrieval and classi?cation.

This series constitutes a collection of selected papers presented at the International Conference on Medical Imaging and Informatics (MIMI2007), held during August 14-16, in Beijing, China. The conference, the second of its kind, was funded by the European Commission (EC) under the Asia IT&C programme and was co-organized by Middlesex University, UK and Capital University of Medical Sciences, China. The aim of the conference was to initiate links between Asia and Europe and to exchange research results and ideas in the field of medical imaging. A wide range of topics were covered during the conference that attracted an audience from 18 countries/regions (Canada, China, Finland, Greece, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, Korea, Libya, Macao, Malaysia, Norway, Pakistan, Singapore, Switzerland, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and the USA). From about 110 submitted papers, 50 papers were selected for oral presentations, and 20 for posters. Six key-note speeches were delivered during the conference presenting the state of the art of medical informatics. Two workshops were also organized covering the topics of "Legal, Ethical and Social Issues in Medical Imaging" and "Informatics" and "Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD)," respectively.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference of the CLEF Association, CLEF 2021, held virtually in September 2021.The conference has a clear focus on experimental information retrieval with special attention to the challenges of multimodality, multilinguality, and interactive search ranging from unstructured to semi structures and structured data. The 11 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 21 submissions. This year, the contributions addressed the following challenges: application of neural methods for entity recognition as well as misinformation detection in the health area, skills extraction in job-match databases, stock market prediction using financial news, and extraction of audio features for podcast retrieval. In addition to this, the volume presents 5 "best of the labs" papers which were reviewed as full paper submissions with the same review criteria. 12 lab overview papers were accepted and represent scientific challenges based on new data sets and real world problems in multimodal and multilingual information access.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference of the CLEF Association, CLEF 2019, held in Lugano, Switzerland, in September 2019.The conference has a clear focus on experimental information retrieval with special attention to the challenges of multimodality, multilinguality, and interactive search ranging from unstructured to semi structures and structured data. The 7 full papers and 8 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 30 submissions. This year, many contributions tackle the social networks with the detection of stances or early identification of depression signs on Twitter in a cross-lingual context. Further this volume presents 7 "best of the labs" papers which were reviewed as a full paper submission with the same review criteria. The labs represented scientific challenges based on new data sets and real world problems in multimodal and multilingual information access. In addition to this, 9 benchmarking labs reported results of their yearlong activities in overview talks and lab sessions.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the International Workshop on Medical Computer Vision, MCV 2016, and of the International Workshop on Bayesian and grAphical Models for Biomedical Imaging, BAMBI 2016, held in Athens, Greece, in October 2016, held in conjunction with the 19th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2016. The 13 papers presented in MCV workshop and the 6 papers presented in BAMBI workshop were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The goal of the MCV workshop is to explore the use of "big data" algorithms for harvesting, organizing and learning from large-scale medical imaging data sets and for general-purpose automatic understanding of medical images. The BAMBI workshop aims to highlight the potential of using Bayesian or random field graphical models for advancing research in biomedical image analysis.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed prost-workshop proceedings of the International Workshop on Medical Computer Vision: Algorithms for Big Data, MCS 2015, held in Munich, Germany, in October 2015, held in conjunction with the 18th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2015. The workshop shows well the current trends and tendencies in medical computer vision and how the techniques can be used in clinical work and on large data sets. It is organized in the following sections: predicting disease; atlas exploitation and avoidance; machine learning based analyses; advanced methods for image analysis; poster sessions. The 10 full, 5 short, 1 invited papers and one overview paper presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 22 submissions.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the First International Workshop on Multimodal Retrieval in the Medical Domain, MRMD 2015, held in Vienna, Austria, on March 29, 2015. The workshop was held in connection with ECIR 2015. The 14 full papers presented, including one invited paper, a workshop overview and five papers on the VISCERAL Retrieval Benchmark, were carefully reviewed and selected from 18 submissions. The papers focus on the following topics: importance of data other than text for information retrieval; semantic data analysis; scalability approaches towards big data sets.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the International Workshop on Medical Computer Vision: Algorithms for Big Data, MCV 2014, held in Cambridge, MA, USA, in September 2019, in conjunction with the 17th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2014. The one-day workshop aimed at exploring the use of modern computer vision technology and "big data" algorithms in tasks such as automatic segmentation and registration, localization of anatomical features and detection of anomalies emphasizing questions of harvesting, organizing and learning from large-scale medical imaging data sets and general-purpose automatic understanding of medical images. The 18 full and 1 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 30 submission.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference of the CLEF Initiative, CLEF 2013, held in Valencia, Spain, in September 2013. The 32 papers and 2 keynotes presented were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this volume. The papers are organized in topical sections named: evaluation and visualization; multilinguality and less-resourced languages; applications; and Lab overviews.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third MICCAI Workshop on Medical Content-Based Retrieval for Clinical Decision Support, MCBR-CBS 2012, held in Nice, France, in October 2012. The 10 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 15 submissions. The papers are divided on several topics on image analysis of visual or multimodal medical data (X-ray, MRI, CT, echo videos, time series data), machine learning of disease correlations in visual or multimodal data, algorithms for indexing and retrieval of data from visual or multimodal medical databases, disease model-building and clinical decision support systems based on visual or multimodal analysis, algorithms for medical image retrieval or classification, systems of retrieval or classification using the ImageCLEF collection.

Diplomarbeit aus dem Jahr 1997 im Fachbereich Medizin - Sonstiges, Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat Heidelberg (Unbekannt), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Inhaltsangabe: Einleitung: Diese Diplomarbeit ist im Rahmen des Teleradiologieprojektes CHILI am Deutschen Krebsforschungszentrum in Heidelberg in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Steinbeis-Transferzentrum Medizinische Informatik entstanden. Das Thema ist DICOM (Digital Image Communications in Medicine), ein Standard fur die digitale Bildverarbeitung und -kommunikation in der Medizin. Gang der Untersuchung: Zuerst wird eine Einfuhrung in die Kommunikationsablaufe im Krankenhaus und im Speziellen in der Radiologie gegeben. Die Kenntnis dieses Umfeldes ist notig, um die entwickelten Losungen der Arbeit zu verstehen. Im nachsten Kapitel wird eine Einfuhrung in mehrere Standards der medizinischen Bildverarbeitung gegeben und vor allem die Entstehung von DICOM erlautert. Hier wird die Notwendigkeit einer standardisierten Kommunikation in der Radiologie deutlich. Das vierte Kapitel gibt eine Einfuhrung in DICOM. DICOM ist ein sehr komplexer, objektorientierter Standard zur Bildverarbeitung und Bildkommunikation. Der Standard ist von den verschiedenen weltweiten Normungsgremien verabschiedet (JIRA fur Japan, CEN fur Europa und ANSI fur Amerika), und ist der weltweit am haufigsten benutzte Standard in der medizinischen Bildverarbeitung. Vor allem auf die Kommunikationsablaufe wird grosser Wert gelegt, denn die Kommunikation ist die grosse Starke von DICOM. Ausgehend von den kleinsten Objekten wird der Standard genau erlautert. Im funftem Kapitel wird vor allem auf die Programmierung von eigenen DICOM Programmen eingegangen. Es werden die wichtigsten Schritte fur die Implementierung eigener DICOM Routinen erlautert. Dabei werden auch die vom Autor implementierten Programme beschrieben. Im einzelnen sind dies Routinen zum Empfang und Verschicken von Daten (C-Store), zum Stellen und Beantworten von Testanfragen (C-Echo), zum Erstellen und Bean