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Purchase of this book includes free trial access to www.million-books.com where you can read more than a million books for free. This is an OCR edition with typos. Excerpt from book: 2. The cane, of brown color, and of smooth bark, bearing the clusters on a side branch, the shoot. Its course of life is from October to October, or a year. v 3. The stem, of black color, the bark separating from it, bearing the clusters with the shoot on the cane. Its course of life embraces the age of the grape Tine, of from 800 to 1000 years. The grape Tine, therefore, is progressing regularly; the shoot is changed to a cane, and the cane to a stem. The stem enlarges more and more as the canes of the preceding year are added to it. The necessary consequence of this process is that the stem, which does not bear grapes, increases more and more in extent, and that the clusters cannot grow but on the extreme ends of the stem, because they are the product of the green shoots proceeding from the eye. It follows from these facts that we haTe to resort to a method to compel the Tine to produce new canes OTer its whole extent, lest the greater part of the aTailable space would be occupied by the neTer-bearing stem. This method consists in pruning or training, that is, an inten- tentional and artificial remoTal of some parts, to compel others near them to push.. Pruning the grape Tine has, from time immemorial, been considered necessary in its cultivation, although the true connection between cause and effect has not been sufficiently well understood. ""The Tine, however, is capable of so much development that eTen faulty pruning always accomplishes a part of its object. Before we proceed to show practically the true way of pruning, we must study the reasons which render it efficient. THE REASONS FOR PRUNING. In the course of the year the moTeinent of the sap in the grape Tine is subject to great differences. In the spring, when the temperature rises, the sap begins to ri...