Contact urticaria is an immediate but transient localized swelling and redness that occurs on the skin after direct contact with an offending substance. It is caused by a variety of compounds, such as foods, preservatives, fragrances, plant and animal products, metals, and rubber latex and the mechanism by which these provoke an immediate urticarial rash at the area of contact can be divided into two categories: non-immunological contact urticaria and immunological (allergic) contact urticaria. Non-immunological contact urticaria typically causes mild localized reactions that clear within hours, e.g. stinging nettle rash. This type of urticaria occurs without prior exposure of a patient's immune system to an allergen. Immunological contact urticaria occurs most commonly in atopic individuals (people who are prone to allergy). Hence prior exposure to an allergen is required for this type of contact urticaria to occur. While there have been other texts written on the subject over the last decade, this book is intended as an easily accessible guide for dermatologists and residents, as well as general practitioners, summarizing the most important concepts that will help physicians identify the signs and symptoms of Contact Urticaria Syndrome in their daily clinical practice. Each chapter is laid out in the following format: Concepts, Tools and Algorithms of Diagnosis and Management, a Clinical Case for each entry, and Recommendations. Additionally, the Volume Editors have worked to provide a global approach to this syndrome using internationally standardized requirements for diagnosis.

This authoritative volume explores advances in the techniques used to measure percutaneous penetration of drugs and chemicals to assess bioavailability and bioequivalence and discusses how they have been used in clinical and scientific investigations. Seven comprehensive sections examine topics including in vitro drug release, topical drugs products, clinical studies, and guidelines and workshop reports, among others. The book also describes how targeted transdermal drug delivery and more sophisticated mathematical modelling can aid in understanding the bioavailability of transdermal drugs. The first edition of this book was an important reference guide for researchers working to define the effectiveness and safety of drugs and chemicals that penetrated the skin. This second edition contains cutting-edge advances in the field and is a key resource to those seeking to define the bioavailability and bioequivalence of percutaneously active compounds to improve scientific and clinical investigation and regulation.

Biometrics in dermatology is an essential tool where data evaluation results in valid interpretations. This book will be the first in this area. One part of the book will describe principal aspects of dermatological research focussing on practical advice. A special part will cover applied biometrics to provide the clinician and researcher with state-of-the-art guidelines to assess the severity of common skin diseases. An additional aspect that will be of interest to pharmacologists addresses pharmacologic assays.

*Provides an accessible and concise aid to prescribing and monitoring systemic dermatologic therapy for all medical professionals involved in patient care *Enables dermatologists, family practitioners, pharmacists, and specialist nurses to make rational decisions about drug treatment while considering known risks and potential unwanted effects *Allows quick and easy access to reliable information with an international perspective

*Provides an accessible and concise aid to prescribing and monitoring systemic dermatologic therapy for all medical professionals involved in patient care *Enables dermatologists, family practitioners, pharmacists, and specialist nurses to make rational decisions about drug treatment while considering known risks and potential unwanted effects *Allows quick and easy access to reliable information with an international perspective

New biological techniques and a revival of interest in both acute and chronic wound healing have led to an enormously improved understanding of the cellular and chemical complexities of the healing process. Exciting developments in the evolution of epidermal biology are creating new opportunities for research and clinical applications in wound healing. Edited by an expert team of researchers and clinicians, The Epidermis in Wound Healing combines current information with the latest research results to provide a complete picture of the most recent advances in the field. The book focuses on biological advances that improve knowledge and stimulate development in wound therapy. The chapter authors address quantifying repair in the epidermis, biological and clinical elements of wound healing, state-of-the-art approaches to understanding and treating wounds, and gene therapy during wound repair. A discussion on the underlying chemistry of acute and chronic healing describes the special challenges presented by chronic wounds. Featuring the most up-to-date information available, the book chronicles the progress and practices in the field of wound therapy over the past 30 years. This reference will be an essential tool in the generation of innovations and applications in epidermal biology.

- Not only written by experts but the content of each of the chapters has also been peer-reviewed.

- Presents a step-by-step approach to the treatment of chronic wounds.

- For dermatologists, but also many other medical disciplines such as general practitioners and family physicians who also treat chronic wounds.

Cosmeceuticals and Active Cosmetics discusses the science of nearly two dozen cosmeceuticals used today. This third edition provides ample evidence on specific cosmeceutical substances, their classes of use, skin conditions for which they are used, and points of interest arising from other considerations, such as toxicology and manufacturing. The book discusses both cosmetic and therapeutic uses of cosmeceuticals for various conditions including rosacea, dry skin, alopecia, eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, purpura, and vitiligo. Active ingredients in the following products are discussed: caffeine, curcumin, green tea, Rhodiola rosea, milk thistle, and more. Also covered are topical peptides and proteins, amino acids and derivatives, antioxidants, vitamins E and C, niacinamide, botanical extracts, and biomarine actives. Providing ample scientific references, this book is an excellent guide to understanding the science behind the use of cosmeceuticals to treat a variety of dermatological conditions.

Discussing existing techniques, ongoing research, new approaches, and basic concepts in the treatment of nail diseases, Topical Nail Products and Ungual Drug Delivery summarizes the current knowledge and represents a jumping-off point for creating novel techniques of drug delivery across the nail. A growing area of pharmaceutical research, the search for efficient delivery techniques that can cross the nail barrier has yielded several effective strategies, brought together in this book. Topics Include Nail anatomy, physiology, diseases, and treatment Permeability of the nail plate Topical nail formulations Approaches to enhance ungual and trans-ungual drug delivery In vitro and in vivo models to evaluate topical nail formulations Nail sampling techniques Bioengineering of the nail Trans-ungual iontophoresis Pharmacokinetics of drugs in the nail apparatus Onychopharmacokinetics: proposed model insight Photodynamic therapy of nail diseases The nail as a surrogate for investigating drug use

This book covers all major areas of interest in the rapidly expanding field of in vitro methods for percutaneous absorption studies. Specific areas discussed include diffusion cell design, receptor fluid, preparation of skin, and temperature. The book covers experimental methodology, as well as the underlying principles and fundamentals that help professionals and students gain an understanding of the basis for currently used methodology.

This work presents and evaluates methods employed to identify the potential of certain types of chemicals to adversely affect the skin. A variety of test methods are included such as tests for skin penetration, metabolism, irritation, the skin immune system, photo effects, skin cancer, and topical effects of retinoids and depigmenting chemicals. Tests for chemicals that affect the reproductive and nervous system are also included. Both animal and human tests that have been standardised and tests that are under development and employ animal alternatives are addressed in this book. Besides different testing methods, a rationale for accepting non-animal models and a review of some regulatory agency discussions about animal alternative tests are included.

Ethnic Skin and Hair defines and reviews the differences in skin and hair function in relation to ethnicity. This book covers basic concepts of human evolution and progresses to discussions of varying skin pigments and phenotypes. It describes the physiological differences in hair and skin structure and their importance in the modulation of skin responses, as well as their effect on skin aging, cancer, and pigmentation.

Spanning the many advancements that have taken place in the field since the First Edition of this book was published, this Second Edition emphasizes the imaging of the skin in its entirety, rather than focusing solely on surface layers. The Second Edition includes new chapters on technologies such as in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, nuclear magnetic imaging, high-resolution ultrasound, in vivo skin topometry, and multi-photon imaging of the skin.

Bioengineering of the skin, or more precisely the biophysical assessment of skin physiology, is moving rapidly from a descriptive approach to a deeper understanding of biophysical and biochemical processes. This second edition of the popular text Bioengineering of the Skin: Water and Stratum Corneum reflects the progress in the field, focusing on the dramatically improved understanding of skin physiology. Specifically, it reviews the shift in our understanding of the stratum corneum from an inert surrounding sheet to a biologically active compartment. The stratum corneum is the interface between the sometimes harsh environment and the internal turmoil of the human body. Based on a large number of recent publications, this book explains the mechanisms involved in stratum corneum barrier function and hydration. It reflects 10 years of progress not only of the non-invasive biophysical assessment of skin physiology parameter, but also of the perfection of the available devices. It brings all research on epidermal water and transepidermal water loss in health and disease up-to-date with the revision of existing chapters as well as added chapters from new contributors on hydration and itching. This edition also includes new guidelines on the standardization of measurements. Bioengineering of the Skin will enhance communication within the research community and will be useful for scientists in the skin bioengineering field by presenting methods that offer reliable and reproducible approaches for product testing in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, as well as for basic research.

Edited by an expert team of researchers and clinicians, The Epidermis in Wound Healing combines current information with the latest research results to provide a complete picture of the latest advances in the field. Presenting the newest findings, the book focuses on biological advances that improve knowledge and lead to new opportunities for research and clinical applications. Topics include quantifying repair in the epidermis, physical and chemical factors affecting repair, new approaches to understanding and treating wounds, and the role of gene action in the epidermis during wound repair. A unique feature is the inclusion of a critical evaluation of current clinical practices.

Skin reactions to drugs are a ubiquitous problem-the most commonly observed drug sensitivity observed in a wide range of specialties. Skin Reactions to Drugs emphasizes the mechanisms and clinical and laboratory proof of a cause-and-effect relationship between drugs and adverse reactions. It discusses the technique of drug challenge, which has been extensively developed in Finland, but not commonly practiced in the rest of the world.
In this textbook, 12 of the most common drug eruptions are described both clinically and histologically. It features a chapter on systemic contact dermatitis and also addresses cutaneous adverse drug reactions that appear in HIV-infected patients. 40 full-color photographs provide vivid examples of the reactions being discussed. A highly practical resource for practicing physicians and other health care workers, Skin Reactions to Drugs represents the platinum standard of research conducted on the causation of certain adverse reactions of skin.

This book covers all aspects of hypersensitivity to drugs, providing practical information for non-specialist physicians as well as addressing issues of interest to practitioners in different specialties and presenting the expert knowledge required by specialist allergists and immunologists. The opening, general section discusses basics such as clinical manifestations, histopathology, mechanisms, risk factors, drug hypersensitivity in particular populations, and the full range of diagnostic methods. The second part of the book provides concise information on the most important drug classes and guides the reader on how to proceed when patients present with a suspected reaction. For each drug class, the current level of evidence for use of the different diagnostic tools, including skin tests, provocation tests, and in vitro tests, is clarified, and management options, outlined. The inclusion of helpful tables and algorithms is designed to aid in decision making. Drug hypersensitivity is among the more complex allergological issues, and this book will meet the needs of general practitioners, internists, and specialists.

This book covers all major areas of interest in the rapidly expanding field of in vitro methods for percutaneous absorption studies. Specific areas discussed include diffusion cell design, receptor fluid, preparation of skin, and temperature. The book covers experimental methodology, as well as the underlying principles and fundamentals that help professionals and students gain an understanding of the basis for currently used methodology.

The foundational reference in dermal toxicology, this classic text has been completely revised to bring it up to date in the new Eighth Edition, with almost a third of its chapters being newly added. The structure of the text has also been reorganized to enable easier location of a topic of interest. With contributions from leading international experts, this continues the tradition of providing unsurpassed theoretical and practical guidance for all those working on research aspects, on practical clinical issues, and on the regulatory aspects of exposure to toxic substances. This new edition contains updates to each chapter and contributions from leading international experts, provides an in-depth summary of research and regulatory applications related to dermal toxicology and pharmacology, presents many new chapters that describe the latest advances in dermatotoxicology, and addresses various levels of expertise regarding the development and use of dermal exposure data. New chapters include those on safety terminology, pharmacogenetics and dermatology, ethnic differences in skin properties, and the principles and practice of percutaneous absorption.

The previous edition of Dry Skin and Moisturizers: Chemistry and Function was the first book devoted to all aspects of moisturizers, a subject often given short shrift in dermatology texts. It quickly became a standard reference. In the past five years, there has been an explosion of new information relating to the nature of dry skin and its treatment. With more than 350 scientific papers on dry skin published in the last five years, the advances in the field have been nothing short of stunning. Completely revised and updated, this second edition presents the most recent research findings and contains highly relevant information for future possibilities to scientifically tailor efficient products for dry skin. The book focuses on constituents in moisturizing creams and pharmaceutical preparations and their effects on dry skin disorders. It covers regulatory and safety issues and includes pertinent information from neighboring research areas. With contributions from internationally recognized, world-class scientists, the book comprehensively summarizes current knowledge from basic science to clinical practice. The combination of detailed information about the skin with in depth coverage of moisturizers makes this book a one of a kind resource.

With chapters from experienced and internationally renowned contributors holding positions in research, industry, and clinical practice, this is the fifth edition of what has become the standard reference for cosmetic scientists and dermatologists seeking the latest innovations and technology for the formulation, design, testing, use, and production of cosmetic products for the skin. *Offers in-depth analysis of specific topics in cosmetic science and research *Presents the latest in international research and its translation to practice *Gives an indispensable guide to a hotly competitive area for research and practice

Contents:
1. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Study for Defining the Mechanism of Irritant Dermatitis Y. Kawasaki, J. Mizushima, R. Cooke and H. Maibach 2. Irritant Patch Testing in Atopic Individuals H. Loeffler and I. Effendy 3. Quantification of Nonerythematous Irritant Dermatitis V. Charbonnier, H. Maibach, B. Morrison and M. Paye 4. Detergents I. Effendy and H. Maibach 5. Permeability of Skin for Metal Compounds J. Hostynek 6. Irritant Dermatitis: Subthreshhold Irritation E. Tur 7. Cytokines and Irritant Dermatitis Syndrome I. Effendy and H. Maibach 8. Assay to Quantify Subjective Irritation Caused by the Pyrethroid Insecticide Alpha-Cypermethrin R. Herbst, R. Strimling and H. Maibach 9. Prediction of Skin Corrosivity Using Quantitative Structure-activity Relationships M. Barratt 10. Contamination and Percutaneous Absorption of Chemicals from Water and Soil R. Wester and H. Maibach 11. Determining an Occupational Dermal Exposure Biomarker for Atrazine Through Measurement of Metabolites in Human Urine by HPLC-accelerator Mass-spectrometry B. Buchholz, J. Vogel, S. Gilman, S. Gee, B. Hammock, X. Hui, R. Wester and H. Maibach 12. Partitioning of Chemicals from Water Into Powdered Human Stratum Corneum (Callus) X. Hui, R. Wester, P. Magee and H. Maibach 13. Dermal Exposure of Hands to Pesticides G. Matthews 14. Iontophoresis A. Anigbogu and H. Maibach 15. Penetration and Barrier Creams H. Zhai and H. Maibach 16. Fiber K. Hatch and H. Maibach 17. Novel Topical Agents for Prevention and Treatment of Allergic and Irritant Contact Dermatitis John Wille and A. Kydonieus 18. Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Clinical Considerations Y. Leow and H. Maibach 19. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Immunology of Experimental Contact Sensitizers W. Hannon, T. Chartier and J. Taylor 20. Modulation of the Dermal Immune Response by Acute Restraint S. Tinkle and M. Flint 21. Textile-dye Allergic Contact Dermatitis Prevalence K. Hatch and H. Maibach 22. Dose-Response Studies in Guinea Pig Allergy Tests S. Frankild 23. Operational Definition of Allergic Contact Dermatitis S. Ale and H. Maibach 24. Predictive Immunotoxicological Risk Assessment B. Horney, P. Lehmann and H. Vohr 25. Allergic Contact Dermatitis From Transdermal Systems C. Levin and H. Maibach 26. Animal Models for Immunologic Contact Urticaria and Nonimmunologic Contact Urticaria A. Lauerma and H. Maibach 27. Diagnostic Tests in Dermatology S. Amin, A. Lauerma and H. Maibach 28. Wound Healing Products D. Hobson 29. Issues of Toxicity With Dermatologic Drugs During Pregnancy B. Reed 30. Roles of Calcium Ions in Skin Barrier H. Tanojo and H. Maibach 31. Nuclear Receptors for Psoralen in Cultured Human Skin Fibroblasts K. Milioni, E. Bloom and H. Maibach 32. In Vitro Viability Assays M. Kwah 33. Dermal Penetration of Calcium Salts and Calcinosis Cutis S. Soileau

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major cause of cervical cancer. Human Papillomavirus Infections in Dermatovenereology pulls together the diverse disciplines of clinical, molecular biological, socio epidemiological, and immunological research to bridge the gap between the clinical aspects and basic biology of HPV. This volume provides a much-needed overview of the scientific and clinical data of HPV and HPV-associated diseases, exploring opinions on current therapies and diagnostic methods. It critically reviews the most frequently used molecular biologic methods, evaluating their potential in HPV detection. Specialists in dermatology, genitourinary medicine, gynecology, urology, as well as pathologists, microbiologists, epidemiologists, and virologists will appreciate this timely examination of the ubiquitous pathogen, HPV.

Skin bioengineering is an expanding field of investigative and clinical dermatology. This guide describes all commercially available techniques and instruments. It provides a thorough overview of methods for noninvasive investigation of skin function. Commercially available instruments are reviewed and compared, with updated references given for each instrument. This book offers a technical analysis of each instrument, allowing investigators to understand its biophysical principles and to make better purchases of lab instruments. Addresses of manufacturers and worldwide distributors are included, making this an essential reference source.
Chapters are written by international experts. Topics include transepidermal water loss, hydration, the measurement of skin blood flow in Laser-Doppler flowetry, sebum, pH and ions, and transcutaneous pO2 and pO2 measurements. Skin color, roughness, and elasticity are examined in detail. Skin imaging techniques, capillaroscopy, and fluorescence videomicroscopy are described. Instruments for surface microscopy of the skin are also discussed.
Bioengineering of the Skin explains state-of-the-art techniques and is valuable reading for anyone who needs to stay abreast of the latest activities in this ever-changing field.

Cosmetic Science and Technology: Theoretical Principles and Applications covers the fundamental aspects of cosmetic science that are necessary to understand material development, formulation, and the dermatological effects that result from the use of these products. The book fulfills this role by offering a comprehensive view of cosmetic science and technology, including environmental and dermatological concerns. As the cosmetics field quickly applies cutting-edge research to high value commercial products that have a large impact in our lives and on the world's economy, this book is an indispensable source of information that is ideal for experienced researchers and scientists, as well as non-scientists who want to learn more about this topic on an introductory level.