A chronological history of children's playtime over the last 200 years If you believe the experts, "child's play"; is serious business. From sociologists to psychologists and from anthropologists to social critics, writers have produced mountains of books about the meaning and importance of play. But what do we know about how children actually play, especially American children of the last two centuries? In this fascinating and enlightening book, Howard Chudacoff presents a history of children's play in the United States and ponders what it tells us about ourselves. Through expert investigation in primary sources-including dozens of children's diaries, hundreds of autobiographical recollections of adults, and a wealth of child-rearing manuals-along with wide-ranging reading of the work of educators, journalists, market researchers, and scholars-Chudacoff digs into the "underground" of play. He contrasts the activities that genuinely occupied children's time with what adults thought children should be doing. Filled with intriguing stories and revelatory insights, Children at Play provides a chronological history of play in the U.S. from the point of view of children themselves. Focusing on youngsters between the ages of about six and twelve, this is history "from the bottom up." It highlights the transformations of play that have occurred over the last 200 years, paying attention not only to the activities of the cultural elite but to those of working-class men and women, to slaves, and to Native Americans. In addition, the author considers the findings, observations, and theories of numerous social scientists along with those of fellow historians. Chudacoff concludes that children's ability to play independently has attenuated over time and that in our modern era this diminution has frequently had unfortunate consequences. By examining the activities of young people whom marketers today call "tweens," he provides fresh historical depth to current discussions about topics like childhood obesity, delinquency, learning disability, and the many ways that children spend their time when adults aren't looking.

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aAt a time when childrenas play seems under siege, Howard Chudacoffas history--the first of its kind--arrives to tell us what we are letting slip away. . . . His history demonstrates that the topic of play is anything but trivial. And by showing us where weave been, he can help us decide where, as a culture, we want to go.a
--"Wilson Quarterly"

aA fascinating and provocative survey. . . . Chudacoff builds up a scathing critique of modern parentsa intrusion in childrenas play.a
--"New York Times Book Review"

aIn this wonderfully polished, scholarly treatment of children and play from Colonial times to the present, Chudacoff uses excellent historical methodology and perceptive psychological insights, putting primary sources to good use, as he presents an illustrated, chronological history of children at play from ages six to 12.a
--"Library Journal" (starred review)

aIn tracing the history of play over the American centuries, Chudacoff makes the mid-seventeenth century sound like our own time, only better.a
--"Slate.com"

a[Chudacoffas] history demonstrates that the topic of play is anything but trivial. And by showing us where weave been, he can help us decide where, as a culture, we want to go.a
--"The Wilson Quarterly"

aThe tension between how children spend their free time and how adults want them to spend it runs through Chudacoffas book like a yellow line smack down the middle of a highway. His critique is increasingly echoed today by parents, educators and childrenas advocates who warn that organized activities, overscheduling and excessiveamounts of homework are crowding out free time and constricting childrenas imaginations and social skills.a
--"The New York Times"

aChildren at Play is a strong addition to the growing literature on childhood, but itas also good reading for adults seeking a fresh perspective on their own kids.a
--"American Heritage"

aChudacoffas work gives historical depth to debates that continue to rage over what constitutes appropriate childas play.a
--"Publishers Weekly"

"Shrewd, balanced, witty, and important. Chudacoff has written a sweeping history that encompasses boys and girls, black children and white, rich and poor, children on farms and in cities. He shows how children play alone and with each other, and how they use their imaginations to create a world apart from their parents. This is historical synthesis at its finest, and instantly becomes an essential text in this new and dynamic area of inquiry."
--Paula S. Fass, author of "Children of a New World: Society, Culture, and Globalization"

a"Children at Play" is a brilliant, richly researched study that foregrounds childrenas voices, offering a message that could not be more timely or profound: That the history of childrenas play consists of an ongoing struggle between adults who seek to improve and safeguard the young, and kids themselves, who have sought to create worlds of play that are truly their own.a --Steven Mintz, author of "Huckas Raft: A History of American Childhood"

"In this beautifully written book, Howard Chudacoff lets us peer into the diverse playworlds of America's children across time and place. Informed by deep historical research and balanced with the best sociological and psychological theory, Chudacoff shows us how children (often in spite of adults) used play to express their freedom and themselves."
--Gary Cross, author of "The Cute and the Cool: Wondrous Innocence and Modern American Children's Culture"

If you believe the experts, "child's play" is serious business. From sociologists to psychologists and from anthropologists to social critics, writers have produced mountains of books about the meaning and importance of play. But what do we know about how children "actually" play, especially American children of the last two centuries? In this fascinating and enlightening book, Howard Chudacoff presents a history of children's play in the United States and ponders what it tells us about ourselves.

Through expert investigation in primary sources-including dozens of children's diaries, hundreds of autobiographical recollections of adults, and a wealth of child-rearing manuals-along with wide-ranging reading of the work of educators, journalists, market researchers, and scholars-Chudacoff digs into the "underground" of play. He contrasts the activities that genuinely occupied children's time with what adults thought children should be doing.

Filled with intriguing stories and revelatory insights, Children at Play provides a chronological history of play in the U.S. from the point of view of children themselves. Focusing on youngsters between the ages of about six and twelve, this is history "from the bottom up." It highlights the transformations of play that have occurred over the last 200 years, paying attention not only to the activities of the cultural elite but to those of working-class men and women, to slaves, and to Native Americans. In addition, the authorconsiders the findings, observations, and theories of numerous social scientists along with those of fellow historians.

Chudacoff concludes that children's ability to play independently has attenuated over time and that in our modern era this diminution has frequently had unfortunate consequences. By examining the activities of young people whom marketers today call "tweens," he provides fresh historical depth to current discussions about topics like childhood obesity, delinquency, learning disability, and the many ways that children spend their time when adults aren't looking.

"Traces the history of urban social relations and urban geography" "The Evolution of American Urban History "blends historical perspectives on society, economics, politics, and policy, while focusing on the ways in which diverse peoples have inhabited and interacted in cities. It tackles ethnic and racial minority issues, offers multiple perspectives on women, and highlights urbanization's constantly shifting nature.
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"In Changing the Playbook, Howard P. Chudacoff delves into the background and what-ifs surrounding seven defining moments that redefined college sports. These changes involved fundamental issues--race and gender, profit and power--that reflected societal tensions and, in many cases, remain pertinent today: the failed 1950 effort to pass a Sanity Code regulating payments to football players; the thorny racial integration of university sports programs; the boom in television money; the 1984 Supreme Court decision that settled who could control skyrocketing media revenues; Title IX's transformation of women's athletics; the cheating, eligibility, and recruitment scandals that tarnished college sports in the 1980s and 1990s; the ongoing controversy over paying student athletes a share of the enormous moneys harvested by schools and athletic departments. A thought-provoking journey into the whos and whys of college sports history, Changing the Playbook reveals how the turning points of yesterday and today will impact tomorrow."

"What a wonderful book! Who would have expected that a history of bachelor subculture would illuminate so much of the nation's past? . . . A major contribution to a hitherto largely unexamined subject."--Benjamin G. Rader, author of American Sports: From the Age of Folk Games to the Age of Television

"Being single is typically understood as a stage of life, not a way of life. Yet in this remarkable study of bachelorhood at the turn of the last century, Howard Chudacoff explodes our myths about those errant sons and strange uncles, and reveals a subculture of masculine resistance--and thus gives bachelorhood its first history."--Michael Kimmel, author of "Manhood in America: A Cultural History"

"A century ago they were misfits, pariahs, deviants, vagrants, even criminal suspects. Today, bachelors evoke images of hedonistic baby-boomers and Hugh Hefner want-to-bes. Howard Chudacoff strips those images of their simplicity, convincingly showing bachelorhood to be not only misunderstood but a hidden and common social custom in American history. Full of insight and broad vision. . . ."--Timothy J. Gilfoyle, author of "City of Eros: New York City, Prostitution, and the Commercialization of Sex, 1790-1920"

""The Age of the Bachelor" is an extremely well researched study of an important subject that had not been previously examined in any book. Chudacoff has excellent command of the secondary literature. He masterfully generated quantitative data about bachelors in three major cities, Boston, Chicago, and San Francisco, to provide us with a far more accurate accounting of bachelors than we ever had before. While the book concentrates on the period from about 1800 to 1930, Chudacoff doesanalyze the nature of bachelorhood throughout all of American history. He explains why bachelorhood was so surprisingly widespread, examines bachelors' domestic lives, the institutions and associations they participated in, and how the male bachelor subculture influenced male culture in general. This book is an important contribution to social and gender history, and it should be widely read. The book is analytically sound, well-written, with many interesting anecdotes, and should be of interest to scholars and general readers alike."--Steven A. Riess, Northeastern Illlinois University, author of "Sport in Industrial America, 1850-1920"

"This book deals with a distinctive and important topic of broad interest, and it does so convincingly, engagingly, and clearly. A truly superior work of scholarship, it is also a pleasure to read."--E. Anthony Rotundo, Phillips Academy, author of "American Manhood: Transformations in Masculinity from the Revolution to the Modern Era"

""The Age of the Bachelor" adds an important element to the rich literature of gender, culture, and urban history in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries.... The research is exhaustive. The book is very well written and is blissfully free of jargon, making it accessible to readers both inside and outside the field."--Elaine Tyler May, University of Minnesota, author of "Barren in the Promised Land: Childless Americans and the Pursuit of Happiness"

Most Americans take it for granted that a thirteen-year-old in the fifth grade is "behind schedule," that "teenagers who marry "too early" are in for trouble, and that a seventy-five-year-old will be pleased at being told, "You look young for your age." Did an awareness of age always dominate American life? Howard Chudacoff reveals that our intense age consciousness has developed only gradually since the late nineteenth century. In so doing, he explores a wide range of topics, including demographic change, the development of pediatrics and psychological testing, and popular music from the early 1800s until now. "Throughout our lifetimes American society has been age-conscious. But this has not always been the case. Until the mid-nineteenth century, Americans showed little concern with age. The one-room schoolhouse was filled with students of varied ages, and children worked alongside adults.... This is] a lively picture of the development of age consciousness in urban middle-class culture." --Robert H. Binstock, The New York Times Book Review "A fresh perspective on a century of social and cultural development."--Michael R. Dahlin, American Historical Review

In the late nineteenth century, a new era began in American urban history, characterized by an explosion of both the populations and the proportions of cities, obliterating their traditional social and physical characteristics. Commercial businesses relocated, slums emerged around the core, and new residential areas were established along the periphery. The period was one of extreme disorder -- labor and ethnic unrest, election violence, rising crime rates -- but it was also a time of political innovation and civic achievement.

In documenting the changes Cincinnati experienced during the Progressive Era, Zane L. Miller provides a clear perspective on the processes of urbanization that transformed the American city. His focus is political because politics provided continuity amid the diversity of city life. The most important aspect of political continuity in Cincinnati and in other cities was "bossism", often depicted as an example of corruption, but which was in many cities part of the quest for a new urban order. In Cincinnati, Boss George B. Cox's machine was a response to the disorder of the times; interestingly, the machine actually helped to control disorder, paving the way for later reforms. Miller carefully explores both the nature and the significance of bossism, showing how it and municipal reform were both essential components of the modern urban political system.

Originally published in 1968, Boss Cox's Cincinnati is considered a classic in the field of urban studies.

"In Changing the Playbook, Howard P. Chudacoff delves into the background and what-ifs surrounding seven defining moments that redefined college sports. These changes involved fundamental issues--race and gender, profit and power--that reflected societal tensions and, in many cases, remain pertinent today: the failed 1950 effort to pass a Sanity Code regulating payments to football players; the thorny racial integration of university sports programs; the boom in television money; the 1984 Supreme Court decision that settled who could control skyrocketing media revenues; Title IX's transformation of women's athletics; the cheating, eligibility, and recruitment scandals that tarnished college sports in the 1980s and 1990s; the ongoing controversy over paying student athletes a share of the enormous moneys harvested by schools and athletic departments. A thought-provoking journey into the whos and whys of college sports history, Changing the Playbook reveals how the turning points of yesterday and today will impact tomorrow."