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This book offers a set of chapters which describes the procedure
for drug treatment of the principal diseases that older people
suffer from. In the pharmacological concept, it has been
established that pharmacokinetics is the most useful strategy to
determine the prime schedule of different medications for seniors.
These strategies can be applied in a clinic or nursing home as well
as in a home. The initial chapter describes optimising this
technique, continuing with a description of the most common
illnesses due to old age. The next chapter discusses deep concepts
of pharmacokinetics. Afterwards, some examples of pharmacokinetics
studies are described. The text finishes with a description based
on previous studies about the patterns of drug consumption in older
individuals. The authors hope this material can be useful first to
aid the elderly population and can motivate the investigation of
pharmacokinetic studies, since this material is lacking in the
global context.
Child abuse is a modality of violence against children and
adolescents which remains to be comprehensively attended. The
complexity of the problem implies not only the clinical
manifestations (physical, sexual and psychological abuses and
neglect), but also the social component (social determinants for
health) as well as the judicial implication. This makes the
suspicion, diagnosis, comprehensive care of each case, the physical
and emotional rehabilitation of each patient, and the strategies
for the prevention of this phenomenon very difficult. Undoubtedly,
child abuse is fraught with enormous emotional and economic loads
for the child, the family and society.In the light of the
abovementioned facts, the propositions in this book lie in the
presentation and development of the most frequent and known
modalities of child abuse. These modalities include physical,
sexual and psychological abuses and neglect, as well as other forms
like fetal abuse, ethnic maltreatment, abuse among peers, bullying,
and parental alienation among others that are little known or
barely considered; hence, these latter issues are not frequently
seen by physicians, nurses, social workers, psychologists, lawyers,
etc. In addition, some preventive programs that have been
successful as viable strategies in many countries of the world are
proposed.The aim of this book is to give a wide vision on the
knowledge concerning child abuse, based on the analysis of
behaviors and attitudes and revising some new strategies ensuing
from information furnished by research works. The authors are
convinced that the consideration of these concepts would definitely
permit the elaboration of optimum and specific management for this
population.
Pediatrics is the form of medical care that is concerned with
children from birth to adolescence, specializing in a variety of
characteristics and changes subjective to each patient.
Undoubtedly, these changes influence drug distribution and
response. The body composition and the processes of biological and
physiological maturation constitute important variables worthy of
consideration in the effort to adequately satisfy the therapeutic
necessities of all the age groups, since different formulations are
required to achieve optimum therapy. The technological advances in
the last decades have endowed humanity with the facilities to
painstakingly analyze biological samples and thus give way to
potential progress in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. From
this knowledge, it becomes clear that the body is a dynamic model
and thus, brings to light the necessity to individualize treatment
regimens based on parameters of each and every individual, which in
the past was not as important. There are instruments that
contribute to optimizing drug management and safety in the
pediatric population as recommended by the World Health
Organization that rotate on the application of drug monitoring
strategies that would contribute to ensuring the safety of patients
and improve treatment schemes with increasingly safe and effective
drugs. Furthermore, recourses to the therapeutic monitoring of
drugs would become available where a monitoring based principally
on the drug plasma levels is carried out in order to make the
pertinent dose adjustments. The need for this will arise, since the
most effective therapeutic range of many drugs is still unknown;
unnecessarily high concentrations with potential risks of producing
toxicity in patients is something that must be avoided. With these
factors in mind, the decision to compose this book for pediatric
doctors as well as specialists in the health sector who are
dedicated to childcare became apparent, with the hope of portraying
an array of pharmacokinetic knowledge, based on new therapeutic
strategies ensuing from information furnished by research. The
authors are convinced that the consideration of these concepts
would definitely permit the elaboration of optimum and specific
treatment for each pediatric patients.
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