This book aims to explore basic principles, concepts and applications of geochemistry. Topics include chemical weathering, impacts on living beings and water, geochemical cycles, oxidation and redox reactions in geochemistry, isotopes, analytical techniques, medicinal, inorganic, marine, atmospheric, and environmental applications, as well as case studies. This book helps in understanding the chemical composition of the earth and its applications. It also includes beneficial effects, bottlenecks, solutions, and future directions in geochemistry.

DRUG DESIGN USING MACHINE LEARNING The use of machine learning algorithms in drug discovery has accelerated in recent years and this book provides an in-depth overview of the still-evolving field. The objective of this book is to bring together several chapters that function as an overview of the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence applied to drug development. The initial chapters discuss drug-target interactions through machine learning for improving drug delivery, healthcare, and medical systems. Further chapters also provide topics on drug repurposing through machine learning, drug designing, and ultimately discuss drug combinations prescribed for patients with multiple or complex ailments. This excellent overview Provides a broad synopsis of machine learning and artificial intelligence applications to the advancement of drugs; Details the use of molecular recognition for drug development through various mathematical models; Highlights classical as well as machine learning-based approaches to study target-drug interactions in the field of drug discovery; Explores computer-aided technics for prediction of drug effectiveness and toxicity. Audience The book will be useful for information technology professionals, pharmaceutical industry workers, engineers, university researchers, medical practitioners, and laboratory workers who have a keen interest in the area of machine learning and artificial intelligence approaches applied to drug advancements.

Green Adhesives: Preparation, Properties and Applications deals with the fabrication methods, characterization, and applications of green adhesives. It also includes the collective properties of waterborne, bio, and wound-healing green adhesives. Exclusive attention is devoted to discussing the applications of green adhesives in biomedical coatings, food, and industrial applications.

Ever since the discovery of graphene, two-dimensional layered materials (2DLMs) have been the central tool of the materials research community. The reason behind their importance is their superlative and unique electronic, optical, physical, chemical and mechanical properties in layered form rather than in bulk form. The 2DLMs have been applied to electronics, catalysis, energy, environment, and biomedical applications. The following topics are discussed in the book's fifteen chapters: - The research status of the 2D metal-organic frameworks and the different techniques used to synthesize them. - 2D black phosphorus (BP) and its practical application in various fields. - Reviews the synthesis methods of MXenes and provides a detailed discussion of their structural characterization and physical, electrochemical and optical properties, as well as applications in catalysis, energy storage, environmental management, biomedicine, and gas sensing. - The carbon-based materials and their potential applications via the photocatalytic process using visible light irradiation. - 2D materials like graphene, TMDCs, few-layer phosphorene, MXene in layered form and their heterostructures. - The structure and applications of 2D perovskites. - The physical parameters of pristine layered materials, ZnO, transition metal dichalcogenides, and heterostructures of layered materials are discussed. - The coupling of graphitic carbon nitride with various metal sulfides and oxides to form efficient heterojunction for water purification. - The structural features, synthetic methods, properties, and different applications and properties of 2D zeolites. - The methods for synthesizing 2D hollow nanostructures are featured and their structural aspects and potential in medical and non-medical applications. - The characteristics and structural aspects of 2D layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and the various synthesis methods and role of LDH in non-medical applications as adsorbent, sensor, catalyst, etc. - The synthesis of graphene-based 2D layered materials synthesized by using top-down and bottom-up approaches where the main emphasis is on the hot-filament thermal chemical vapor deposition (HFTCVD) method. - The different properties of 2D h-BN and borophene and the various methods being used for the synthesis of 2D h-BN, along with their growth mechanism and transfer techniques. - The physical properties and current progress of various transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) based on photoactive materials for photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen evolution reaction. - The state-of-the-art of 2D layered materials and associated devices, such as electronic, biosensing, optoelectronic, and energy storage applications.

BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS Biodegradable materials have ascended in importance in recent years and this book comprehensively discusses all facets and applications in 29 chapters making it a one-stop shop. Biodegradable materials have today become more compulsory because of increased environmental concerns and the growing demand for polymeric and plastic materials. Despite our sincere efforts to recycle used plastic materials, they ultimately tend to enter the oceans, which has led to grave pollution. It is necessary, therefore, to ensure that these wastes do not produce any hazards in the future. This has made an urgency to replace the synthetic material with green material in almost all possible areas of application. Biodegradable Materials and Their Applications covers a wide range of subjects and approaches, starting with an introduction to biodegradable material applications. Chapters focus on the development of various types of biodegradable materials with their applications in electronics, medicine, packaging, thermoelectric generations, protective equipment, films/coatings, 3D printing, disposable bioplastics, agriculture, and other commercial sectors. In biomedical applications, their use in the advancement of therapeutic devices like temporary implants, tissue engineering, and drug delivery vehicles are summarized. Audience Materials scientists, environmental and sustainability engineers, and any other researchers and graduate students associated with biodegradable materials.

In diesem Werk werden Polysaccharide unter samtlichen Aspekten betrachtet, von den Grundkonzepten bis zur kommerziellen Vermarktung. Thema der einzelnen Kapitel sind die verschiedenen Arten von Quellen, die Klassifikation, Eigenschaften, Charakterisierung, Verarbeitung, Rheologie und Herstellung von Materialien auf Grundlage von Polysacchariden sowie von Polysaccharid-Gemischen und -Gelen. Anwendung finden Polysaccharide u. a. in der Kosmetik, der Lebensmittelwissenschaft, der Medikamentenverabreichung, der Biomedizin, der Biokraftstoffproduktion, der Schifffahrt, im Verpackungswesen, in der Chromatographie und der Umweltsanierung. Daruber hinaus vermittelt das Werk einen UEberblick uber die Herstellung von anorganischen und Kohlenstoff-Nanomaterialien aus Polysacchariden. Mit der Betrachtung industrieller Anwendungen schliesst das Buch die Lucke zwischen der Forschungsarbeit im Labor und wirtschaftlich nutzbaren Anwendungen in entsprechenden Unternehmen.

Water is one of the most precious and basic needs of life for all living beings, and a precious national asset. Without it, the existence of life cannot be imagined. Availability of pure water is decreasing day by day, and water scarcity has become a major problem that is faced by our society for the past few years. Hence, it is essential to find and disseminate the key solutions for water quality and scarcity issues. The inaccessibility and poor water quality continue to pose a major threat to human health worldwide. Around billions of people lacking to access drinkable water. The water contains the pathogenic impurities; which are responsible for water-borne diseases. The concept of water quality mainly depends on the chemical, physical, biological, and radiological measurement standards to evaluate the water quality and determine the concentration of all components, then compare the results of this concentration with the purpose for which this water is used. Therefore, awareness and a firm grounding in water science are the primary needs of readers, professionals, and researchers working in this research area. This book explores the basic concepts and applications of water science. It provides an in-depth look at water pollutants' classification, water recycling, qualitative and quantitative analysis, and efficient wastewater treatment methodologies. It also provides occurrence, human health risk assessment, strategies for removal of radionuclides and pharmaceuticals in aquatic systems. The book chapters are written by leading researchers throughout the world. This book is an invaluable guide to students, professors, scientists and R&D industrial specialists working in the field of environmental science, geoscience, water science, physics and chemistry.

The explores the cutting-edge technology of polymer coatings. It discusses fundamentals, fabrication strategies, characterization techniques, and allied applications in fields such as corrosion, food, pharmaceutical, biomedical systems and electronics. It also discusses a few new innovative self-healing, antimicrobial and superhydrophobic polymer coatings. Current industrial applications and possible potential activities are also discussed.

Polymers for Light-Emitting Devices and Displays provides an in-depth overview of fabrication methods and unique properties of polymeric semiconductors, and their potential applications for LEDs including organic electronics, displays, and optoelectronics. Some of the chapter subjects include: - The newest polymeric materials and processes beyond the classical structure of PLED - Conjugated polymers and their application in the light-emitting diodes (OLEDs & PLEDs) as optoelectronic devices. - The novel work carried out on electrospun nanofibers used for LEDs. - The roles of diversified architectures, layers, components, and their structural modifications in determining efficiencies and parameters of PLEDs as high-performance devices. - Polymer liquid crystal devices (PLCs), their synthesis, and applications in various liquid crystal devices (LCs) and displays. - Reviews the state-of-art of materials and technologies to manufacture hybrid white light-emitting diodes based on inorganic light sources and organic wavelength converters.

The aim of this book is to explore the history, fundamentals, manufacturing processes, optimization parameters, and applications of electrospun materials. The book includes various types of electrospun materials such as antimicrobial, smart, bioinspired systems. It focuses on the many application areas for electrospun materials such as energy storage and harvesting, catalysis, biomedical including gene delivery and tissue engineering, separation, adsorption and water treatment technologies, packaging. The book emphasizes the enhanced sustainable properties of electrospun materials, with the challenges and future developments being discussed in detail. The chapters are written by top-class researchers and experts from throughout the world.

2D Monoelements: Properties and Applications explores the challenges, research progress and future developments of the basic idea of two-dimensional monoelements, classifications, and application in field-effect transistors for sensing and biosensing. The thematic topics include investigations such as: Recent advances in phosphorene The diverse properties of two-dimensional antimonene, of graphene and its derivatives The molecular docking simulation study used to analyze the binding mechanisms of graphene oxide as a cancer drug carrier Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-derived carbon (graphene and carbon nanotubes) and MOF-carbon composite materials, with a special emphasis on the use of these nanostructures for energy storage devices (supercapacitors) Two-dimensional monoelements classification like graphene application in field-effect transistors for sensing and biosensing Graphene-based ternary materials as a supercapacitor electrode Rise of silicene and its applications in gas sensing

As demand has increased for new types of equipment that are more suited to the ever-evolving world of industry, demand for both new and traditional types of actuators has soared. From automotive and aeronautical to biomedical and robotics, engineers are constantly developing actuating devices that are adapted to their particular needs in their particular field, and actuators are used in almost every field of engineering that there is. This volume not only lays out the fundamentals of actuators, such as how they operate, the different kinds, and their various applications, but it also informs the engineer or student about the new actuators that are being developed and the state-of-the-art of actuators. Edited and written by highly experienced and well-respected engineers with a deep understanding of their subject, there is no other volume on actuators that is more current or comprehensive. Whether as a guide for the latest innovations in actuators, a refresher reference work for the veteran engineer, or an introductory text for the engineering student, this is a must-have for any engineer's or university's library. Covering the theory and the practical applications, this breakthrough volume is a "one stop shop" for any engineer or student interested in actuators.