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Offers a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the theory of
material entanglement and entrapment, enriched with vivid examples
from everyday life Entangled explores how archaeological evidence
can help provide a better understanding of the direction of human
social and technological change, demonstrating how the
interrelationship of humans and things is a defining characteristic
of human history and culture. Using examples drawn from both the
early farming settlements of the Middle East and daily life in the
modern world, Ian Hodder highlights the complex co-dependencies of
humans and things—arguing that the maintenance and sustaining of
material worlds are the unseen drivers of human development.
Updated and expanded, Entangled offers new perspectives on the
study of the relationality between things and humans. In this
edition, the author reframes relationality in terms of various
forms of dependence to better explore inequality, injustice, and
the ways people get entrapped in detrimental social and economic
situations. An entirely new chapter focuses on human dependence on
other humans, such as between colonial powers and colonized people.
Increased focus is placed on object-oriented ontologies and
assemblages, symmetrical archaeology, and indigenous and radical
approaches in archaeology that critique relationality and
posthumanism. A wide range of new examples, references, and
literature are presented throughout the book. Argues that
dependence on things forces humans down particular evolutionary
pathways and social trends Demonstrates how long-standing
entanglements can be irreversible and increase in scale and
complexity over time Integrates archaeology, natural and biological
sciences, and the social sciences Presents a critical review of key
contemporary perspectives, including material culture studies,
phenomenology, evolutionary theory, cognitive archaeology, human
ecology, and complexity theory Entangled: A New Archaeology of the
Relationships between Humans and Things, Second Edition is
essential reading for undergraduate and graduate students,
lecturers, researchers, and scholars in the fields of archeology,
anthropology, material culture studies, and related fields across
the social sciences and humanities.
There has been a profound shift in the direction of archaeological activity in the last fifteen years, a change reflected in this volume. While excavation remains a professional priority, the interpretation of archaeological evidence is now attracting increasing critical study. In part this is stemmed from the public demand for explanation of archaeological evidence, which moves beyond the more restricted academic debate among archaeologists. But it also follows from a desire among archaeologists to come to terms with their own subjective approaches to the material they study, and a recognition of how past researchers have also imposed their own value systems on the evidence which they presented. This volume provides a forum for debate between varied approaches to the past from leading archaeologists in Europe, North America, Asia and Australasia. It addresses the philosophical issues involved in interpretation, and the origins of meaning in the evolution and emergence of 'mind' in early hominids. It covers the ways in which material culture is understood and presented in museums, and how the nature of history is itself in flux.
Assembling Catalhoeyuk, like archaeological remains, can be read in
a number of ways. At one level the volume reports on the exciting
new discoveries and advances that are being made in the
understanding of the 9000 year-old Neolithic site of Catalhoeyuk.
The site has long been central to debates about early village
societies and the formation of 'mega-sites' in the Middle East. The
current long-term project has made many advances in our
understanding of the site that impact our wider understanding of
the Neolithic and its spread into Europe from the Middle East.
These advances concern use of the environment, climate change,
subsistence practices, social and economic organization, the role
of religion, ritual and symbolism. At another level, the volume
reports on methodological advances that have been made by team
members, including the development of reflexive methods, paperless
recording on site, the integrated use of 3D visualization, and
interactive archives. The long-term nature of the project allows
these various innovations to be evaluated and critiqued. In
particular, the volume includes analyses of the social networks
that underpin the assembling of data, and documents the complex
ways in which arguments are built within quickly transforming
alliances and allegiances within the team. In particular, the
volume explores how close inter-disciplinarity, and the assembling
of different forms of data from different sub-disciplines, allow
the weaving together of information into robust, distributed
arguments.
In this latest collection of his articles, of which seven are written especially for this volume, Ian Hodder captures and continues the lively controversy of the 1980s over symbolic and structural approaches to archaeology. The book acts as an overview of the developments in the discipline over the last decade; yet Hodder's brief is far wider. His aim is to break down the division between the intellectual and the "dirt" archaeologist to demonstrate that in this discipline more than any other, theory must be related to practice to save effectively our rapidly diminishing heritage.
There has been a profound shift in the direction of archaeological
activity in the last 15 years. While excavation remains a
professional priority, the interpretation of archaeological
evidence is now attracting increasing critical study. In part, this
stems from the public demand for explanation of archaeological
evidence, which moves beyond the more restricted academic debate
among archaeologists. But it also follows from a desire among
archaeologists to come to terms with their own subjective
approaches to the material they study, and a recognition of how
past researchers have also imposed their own value systems on the
evidence which they presented. This volume provides a forum for
debate between varied approaches to the past. The authors, drawn
from Europe, North America, Aisa and Australasia, represent many
different strands of archaeology. It addresses the philosophical
issues involved in interpretation, and the origins of meaning in
the evolution and emergence of "mind" in early hominids. It covers
the ways in which material culture is understood, and presented in
museums, and how the nature of history is itself in flux.
In this latest collection of his articles, of which seven are
written especially for this volume, Ian Hodder captures and
continues the lively controversy of the 1980s over symbolic and
structural approaches to archaeology. The book acts as an overview
of the developments in the discipline over the last decade; yet
Hodder's brief is far wider. His aim is to break down the division
between the intellectual and the "dirt" archaeologist to
demonstrate that in this discipline more than any other, theory
must be related to practice to save effectively our rapidly
diminishing heritage.
The 1980s witnessed exciting developments in theoretical writing in
Western archaeology. Where previous decades were dominated by the
Anglo-American perspective, or "New Archaeology", the recent years
showed the European debate grow in confidence and vitality. This
book, published in 1991, captures this spirit of debate as
contributors from a wide cross-section of countries evaluate the
development of the distinctly national and European characteristics
of archaeology and assess future directions. Contributors consider
an extensive range of ideologies and viewpoints, stressing the
fundamentally historical emphasis and social construction of
European archaeology. The development of archaeological theory is
traced, with specific emphasis on factors which differ from country
to country. Ultimately, it argues that the most active response to
archaeology is to celebrate theory within a constantly critical
mode. A great insight into the development of theory.
The 1980s witnessed exciting developments in theoretical writing
in Western archaeology. Where previous decades were dominated by
the Anglo-American perspective, or "New Archaeology," the recent
years showed the European debate grow in confidence and vitality.
This book, published in 1991, captures this spirit of debate as
contributors from a wide cross-section of countries evaluate the
development of the distinctly national and European characteristics
of archaeology and assess future directions. Contributors consider
an extensive range of ideologies and viewpoints, stressing the
fundamentally historical emphasis and social construction of
European archaeology. The development of archaeological theory is
traced, with specific emphasis on factors which differ from country
to country. Ultimately, it argues that the most active response to
archaeology is to celebrate theory within a constantly critical
mode. A great insight into the development of theory.
Drawing on the experience of the Temper project (Training,
Education, Management and Prehistory in the Mediterranean) and
wider examples from the Mediterranean, this volume explores the
issues inherent in managing, interpreting and presenting
prehistoric archaeological sites. The first section of the book
contains thematic chapters on conservation, visitor management and
interpretation, public participation, and issues of managing sites
within their cultural landscape; the second section focuses on
archaeology and education and the politics of national curricula,
and presents detailed case studies. Written by academics and those
working in the fields of archaeology, architecture, heritage
management and education, this volume will be invaluable to
students and practitioners alike.
Set in the context of this project's innovative landscape surveys,
four extraordinary sites excavated at Haddenham, north of Cambridge
chart the transformation of Neolithic woodland to Romano-British
marshland, providing unrivalled insights into death and ritual in a
changing prehistoric environment. Volume II moves on to later
periods, and reveals how Iron Age and Romano-British communities
adapted to the wetland environment that had now become established.
The Neolithic site of Catalhoeyuk in Turkey has been world famous
since the 1960s when excavations revealed the large size and dense
occupation of the settlement, as well as the spectacular wall
paintings and reliefs uncovered inside the houses. Since 1993 an
international team of archaeologists, led by Ian Hodder, has been
carrying out new excavations and research, in order to shed more
light on the people who inhabited the site. The present volume
reports on the results of excavations in 2000-2008 that have
provided a wealth of new data on the ways in which humans became
increasingly engaged in their material environment such that
'things' came to play an active force in their lives. A substantial
and heavy involvement was with alluvial clays that surrounded the
site. In the absence of large local stone, humans became
increasingly involved in the extraction and manipulation of clay
for a wide range of purposes - from bricks to ovens, pots and
figurines. This heavy use of clays led to changes in the local
environment that interacted with human activity, as indicated in
the first section of the volume. In the second section, other
examples of material technologies are considered all of which in
various ways engage humans in specific dependencies and
relationships. For example, large-scale studies of obsidian trade
have drawn a complex picture of changing interactions between
humans over time. The volume concludes with an integrated account
of the uses of materials at Catalhoeyuk based on the analysis of
heavy residue samples from all contexts at the site.
The Neolithic site of Catalhoeyuk in Turkey has been world famous
since the 1960s when excavations revealed the large size and dense
occupation of the settlement, as well as the spectacular wall
paintings and reliefs uncovered inside the houses. Since 1993 an
international team of archaeologists, led by Ian Hodder, has been
carrying out new excavations and research, in order to shed more
light on the people who inhabited the site. The present volume
discusses general themes that have emerged in the analysis and
interpretation of the results of excavations in 2000-2008. It
synthesizes the results of research described in other volumes in
the same series. The volume commences with accounts of the recent
work on community collaboration at the site, and with discussions
of the methods used at the site. It then synthesizes the work on
landscape use and mobility, integrating the work of subsistence
analysis and the analysis of human remains. The storage and sharing
of food is a related topic. The ways in which houses were
constructed, lived in and abandoned leads to a broad discussion of
settlement and social organization at Catalhoeyuk and of their
change through time. For example, shifts in the themes that occur
in paintings in houses change through time as part of a wider set
of social, economic and ritual changes in the upper levels. The
social uses of materials and technologies are explored and the
roles of materials in personal adornment. Finally, the discussion
of variation through place and time is recognized as dependent on
scales of analysis and social process.
The Neolithic site of Catalhoeyuk in Turkey has been world famous
since the 1960s when excavations revealed the large size and dense
occupation of the settlement, as well as the spectacular wall
paintings and reliefs uncovered inside the houses. Since 1993 an
international team of archaeologists, led by Ian Hodder, has been
carrying out new excavations and research, in order to shed more
light on the people who inhabited the site. Catalhoeyuk Excavations
presents the results of the excavations that took place at the site
from 2000 to 2008 when the main aim was to understand the social
geography of the settlement, its layout and social organization.
Excavation, recording and sampling methodologies are discussed as
well as dating, 'levels', and the grouping of buildings into social
sectors. The excavations in three areas of the East Mound at
Catalhoeyuk are described: the South Area, the 4040 Area in the
northern part of the site, and the IST Area excavated by a team
from Istanbul University. The description of excavated units,
features and buildings incorporates results from the analyses of
animal bone, chipped stone, groundstone, shell, ceramics,
phytoliths, micromorphology. The integration of such data within
their context allows detailed accounts of the lives of the
inhabitants of Catalhoeyuk, their relationships and activities. The
integration of different types of data in the excavation account
mimics the process of collaborative interpretation that took place
during the excavation and post-excavation process.
The Neolithic site of Catalhoeyuk in Turkey has been world famous
since the 1960s when excavations revealed the large size and dense
occupation of the settlement, as well as the spectacular wall
paintings and reliefs uncovered inside the houses. Since 1993 an
international team of archaeologists, led by Ian Hodder, has been
carrying out new excavations and research, in order to shed more
light on the people who inhabited the site. The present volume
reports on the results of excavations in 2000-2008 that have
provided a wealth of new data on the ways in which the Catalhoeyuk
settlement and environment were dwelled in. A first section
explores how houses, open areas and middens in the settlement were
enmeshed in the daily lives of the inhabitants, integrating a wide
range of different types of data at different scales. A second
section examines subsistence practices of the site's inhabitants
and builds up a picture of how the overall landscape was exploited
and lived within. A third section examines the evidence from the
skeletons of those buried within the houses at Catalhoeyuk in order
to examine health, diet, lifestyle and activity within the
settlement and across the landscape. This final section also
reports on the burial practices and associations in order to build
hypotheses about the social organization of those inhabiting the
settlement. A complex picture emerges of a relatively decentralized
society, large in size but small-scale in terms of organization,
dwelling within a mosaic patchwork of environments. Through time,
however, substantial changes occur in the ways in which humans and
landscapes interact.
Set in the context of this project's innovative landscape surveys,
four extraordinary sites excavated at Haddenham, north of Cambridge
chart the transformation of Neolithic woodland to Romano-British
marshland, providing unrivalled insights into death and ritual in a
changing prehistoric environment. The highlight of Volume I is the
internationally renowned Foulmire Fen long barrow, with its
preserved timber burial chamber and facade. The massive individual
timbers allow detailed study of Neolithic wood technology and the
direct examination of a structure that usually survives only as a
pattern of post holes.
Ian Hodder's campaigns of excavation at the world-famous Neolithic
settlement of Catalhoeyuek are one of the largest, most complex,
and most exciting archaeological field projects in the world and
recognized as agenda-setting not only in terms of our understanding
of early farming communities in the Near East, particularly the
central role religion played in their daily lives, but also in
terms of the interaction between theory and practice in the
trenches and on-site laboratories. This volume presents the results
of excavation in three areas of the site, known as South, North,
and KOPAL, excavated between 1995 and 1999. The book describes
aspects of the excavation, recording and sampling methodologies
that are necessary for an understanding of the results presented
plus it incorporates interpretive discussion. It brings in data
from the study of animal bones, lithics, ceramics, micromorphology
and the full suite of analyses conducted on the material. These
accounts are interspersed with individual specialists' commentaries
and conclusions, that mimic the process of collaborative
interpretation that takes place during excavation and
post-excavation. The 'objective descriptions' of the archaeology
are thus exposed as interpretations involving a balancing of a
variety of different types of data and scholarly input. Another
thought-provoking volume in the Catalhoeyuek excavation series
which will be read with profit by any archaeologist engaged in
working at theory in practice in the field.
This newest volume in the Çatalhöyük Research Project Series
continues the interpretation of the material obtained during
excavation of the site from 2009 to 2017 under the direction of
Professor Ian Hodder. Çatalhöyük, a 9,000-year-old tell site in
central Turkey, is of international importance due to its large
size at an early date, its dense population and its long
occupation. Its well-preserved buildings and rich art in the
Neolithic East Mound give a unique insight into early village life,
and the site allows study of many of the main questions dealing
with the formation of settled villages/towns and the early
intensification of agriculture. This volume, in 16 chapters by
project specialists, focuses on the material artefacts recovered
from the site, including a range of clay objects (ceramics, clay
balls, tokens, figurines) and others made of stone, shell and
textile. The analysis of these items, within a framework of
intersecting and transformative “flows” of matter that are
entangled with human aims and strategies, illuminates issues of
procurement and exchange, house and community (including shifting
cooking practices and the early management of cattle), and the
organisation of production. Collectively, they reveal how change
was generated across 1,100 years of occupation by the ‘productive
potential’ of things.
This volume reports on the ways in which humans engaged in their
material and biotic environments at Catalhoeyuk, using a wide range
of archaeological evidence. This volume also summarizes work on the
skeletal remains recovered from the site, as well as analytical
research on isotopes and aDNA.
This volume, number six in the Catalhoeyuek Research Project
series, draws on material from Volumes 3 to 5 to deal with broad
themes. Data from architecture and excavation contexts are linked
into broader discussion of topics such as seasonality, art and
social memory. Rather than assuming that the work of the project is
finished once the basic excavation and laboratory results have been
presented in Volumes 3 to 5, it has been thought important to
present more synthetic accounts that result from the high degree of
integration and collaboration which the project has strived for at
all stages. In this synthetic volume we most clearly describe the
stories we have been telling ourselves during the data
recovery/interpretation process. This volume thus provides a
contextualisation of the work carried out in Volumes 3 to 5; it
records the framework of thought within which the data were
collected and studied, but it is also the result of the
interpretation that occurred in the interaction with data.
Volume 5 deals with aspects of the material culture excavated in
the 1995-99 period. In particular it discusses the changing
materiality of life at the site over its 1100 years of occupation.
It includes a discussion of ceramics and other fired clay material,
chipped stone, groundstone, worked bone and basketry. As well as
looking at typological and comparative issues in relation to these
materials, the chapters explore themes such as the specialisation
and scale of production, the engagement in systems of exchange, and
consumption, use and deposition. A central question concerns change
through time, and the degree and speed of this change. The
occupants of the site increasingly get caught up in relations with
material objects that start to act back upon them.
In the early 1990s the University of Cambridge reopened excavations
at the Neolithic site of Catalhoyuk in central Turkey, abandoned
since the 1960s. In this volume, Ian Hodder explains his vision of
archaeological excavation, where careful examination of context and
an awareness of human bias allows researches exciting new insights
into prehistoric cognition. The aim of the volume is to discuss
some of the reflexive or postprocessual methods that have been
introduced at the site in the work there since 1993. These methods
involve reflexivity, interactivity, multivocality and contextuality
or relationality.
A theory of human evolution and history based on ever-increasing
mutual dependency between humans and things In this engaging
exploration, archaeologist Ian Hodder departs from the two
prevailing modes of thought about human evolution: the older idea
of constant advancement toward a civilized ideal and the newer one
of a directionless process of natural selection. Instead, he
proposes a theory of human evolution and history based on
"entanglement," the ever-increasing mutual dependency between
humans and things. Not only do humans become dependent on things,
Hodder asserts, but things become dependent on humans, requiring an
endless succession of new innovations. It is this mutual dependency
that creates the dominant trend in both cultural and genetic
evolution. He selects a small number of cases, ranging in
significance from the invention of the wheel down to Christmas tree
lights, to show how entanglement has created webs of human-thing
dependency that encircle the world and limit our responses to
global crises.
The Neolithic site of Catalhoeyuk in Turkey has been world famous
since the 1960s when excavations revealed the large size and dense
occupation of the settlement, as well as the spectacular wall
paintings and reliefs uncovered inside the houses. Since 1993 an
international team of archaeologists, led by Ian Hodder, has been
carrying out new excavations and research, in order to shed more
light on the people who inhabited the site. This Collection
Includes Volumes 7-10: Catalhoeyuk Excavations: the 2000-2008
seasons Catal Research Project Vol 7, BIAA Monograph 46 300p, 350
illus, 9781898249290 Catalhoeyuk excavations: Humans and Landscapes
ofCatalhoeyuk excavations Catal Research Project Vol 8, BIAA
Monograph 47 320p, 300 illus, 9781898249306 Substantive
technologies atCatalhoeyuk: reports from the 2000-2008 seasons
Catal Research Project Vol 9, BIAA Monograph 48 300p, 300 illus,
9781898249313 IntegratingCatalhoeyuk: themes from the 2000-2008
seasons Catal Research Project Vol 10, BIAA Monograph 49 180p, 70
illus, 9781898249320
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