The Kalevala, or runic, songs is a tradition at least a few thousand years old. It was shared by Finns, Estonians and other speakers of smaller Baltic-Finnic languages inhabiting the eastern side of the Baltic Sea in North-Eastern Europe. This book offers a combined perspective of a musicologist and a linguist to the structure of the runic songs. Archival recordings of the songs originating mostly from the first half of the 20th century were used as source material for this study. The results reveal a complex interaction between three different processes participating in singing: speech prosody, metre, and musical rhythm.

These concise lectures have been developed and refined over a period of ten years as the basis for the author's senior and first-year graduate course on language contact. They provide factual information on and interpretations of a topic of obvious sociolinguistic importance; Lehiste's more formal linguistic approach (reflected in the emphasis on the experimental testing of theories) offers the student a firm background to which sociological and anthropological data can be added through collateral reading. The book summarizes a large literature in a quick, thorough way and adds a useful glossary and rich bibliography. Among the topics covered are the concept of interference, bilingualism, language convergence, and pidgins and creoles. The examples are drawn from European sources (reflecting the author's own work), but references are given to other areas. Useful as a condensed survey of existing information, and incorporating the author's own research, the text covers the major aspects of language contact, including the concept of linguistic affinity "(Sprachbund); "language contact as a cause of linguistic change; results of language contact; methods of comparing linguistic structures; concepts of linguistic convergence and linguistic interference; comparisons of the language usages of monolingual speakers with those of bilingual and multilingual speakers; and separate treatments of the bilingual individual and the bilingual community. Social aspects of the contact situation - with illustrative case histories - are described and analyzed. Ilse Lehiste was Professor of Linguistics in the Department of Linguistics at Ohio State University since its founding in 1965 until 1987, andChairman of the Department during the years 1965-1971 and 1985-1987. Her previous books include "Principles and Methods for Historical Linguistics "(with Robert Jeffers) and "Word and Sentence Prosody in Serbocroatian" (with Pavle Ivic).