This manual is more specific to medical students' especially first professional of Biochemistry. This book contains a huge variety of experiments related to carbohydrate, lipid and protein identification. Other contents of the book are, making of solutions (percentage, molar, normal and dilution) and buffer preparation of required pH by using Henderson Hasselbach equation. For medical and biochemistry students, this book also contains critical VIVA and OSPE questions with well defined answers. This book is a complete package for first year MBBS biochemistry class.

Nutrients release during co-composting of poultry litter and fast food wastes is a regular phenomenon, however, after certain time period the rate of release of nutrients is high which depends on environmental conditions like temperature and microbial population. For co-composting mixing the three parts of poultry litter with one part of fast food is the best composition to get maximum amount of micro and macro nutrients.

Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) is the most important and commonly associated with tomato crop and is distributed throughout Pakistan. To combat this problem, tomato lines/varieties screened against the tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), in relation to epidemiological factors and different plant extracts (A. indica, A. aspera and W. somnifera) were evaluated for their efficacy to manage the disease.The most effective plant extract was A indica at 1% concentration to reduce disease.

The book in hand provide valuable information on Sugarcane varieties development/breeding, being an important sugar and cash crop of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, providing employment opportunity, gigantic amount of revenue and foreign exchange savings. Sugarcane (Sacharum officinarum L. )"honey without the help of bees" is one of the important sugar crop of Pakistan. It is cultivated on 11 m ha every year on the World level, produced 850 m tons of cane and productivity of 51 metric tons ha-1. In Pakistan it is grown in three distinct climatic zones i.e. the temperate Peshawar valley in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Sub tropical Punjab, and tropical Sindh. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, it was grown since the Mogul period. The book can be an asset for the researchers, planner and agriculture students. It should in each and every library around the country.

Faisalabad is known as a city of textile not only in Pakistan but also all over the world. Several textile processing units are in operation in the surroundings of the city, which are releasing a substantial amount of azo dyes into the wastewater streams in the surroundings of these textile units.The discharge of these contaminants is considered to be a potential threat to the environment because of their hazardous nature. Thus, this study was undertaken to isolate the bacteria possessing high potential to degrade azo dyes from the wastewater discharged by the textile units. A total of 150 bacterial strains were isolated from these wastewater samples using minimal salt medium spiked with Reactive Blue ZBLN azo dye. Results revealed that some bacterial strains were able to decolorize 8 different dyes almost within 6 hours. Thus, the isolated bacterial strains have the potential to remove a variety of dyes from the liquid culture, which could be used to develop a biotreatment strategy for cleanup of the industrial wastewater prior to their discharge into wastewater streams of the surrounding area.

This book contains all my papers on antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of various plant extracts and how these extracts are utilized for the development new drugs. This book also represents quality parameters for the extraction of various plant materials and how we can check antimicrobial activity against various micobes insides various animals. Therefore this workwill be useful for the modern world to develop newdrugs from the varios plant extracts.