leaf rust is a wheat disease and the wheat varieties which having leaf rust genes are resistant to it. Lr26 is also a leaf rust resistant gene found in various wheat varieties, having size of 1000 bps. The wheat varieties studied in this research was collected from various locations of Pakistan and observed that those varieties among the collected having Lr26 gene were not only resistant to the disease but also high in yield production and good in other morphological characters.

Tuberculosis is the most important contagious disease of the world causes morbidity and mortality among adults. Timely and accurate detection is very essential to decline the morbidity and mortality of the disease. In present study a total of 2413 patient's sputum samples were screened for Tuberculosis. Out of 2413 suspected samples, 432 sputum samples were found positive. Prevalence rate was 17.9%. Data analysis revealed that out of these 432 of TB positive patients 190 were males and 242 were females. The distribution breakup of the TB positive patients was 45, 34, 55, 67, 35, 39, 41,32, 49 and 35 patients come from the village Jagal, Noor Colony, Malkiyar, Khalabat Township, Shah Maqsood, Ali Khan, Kangrha Colony, Khanpur, Darwesh and Mungh respectively. In present study high prevalence rate was found in age group of 15-30 (23 %). It has been noted that females, 242 (56%) are more affected of Tuberculosis as compared to males, 190 (44%). Our findings indicate that majority of the positive patients have poor socioeconomic conditions. Out of 432 positive patients, 285 (65.98%) belonged to lower class socioeconomic status.

Waste heat utilization is well known for saving energy, cost and environment, but its practical implementation is not common especially in developing countries. Heat is produced as a result of energy usage. Overall efficiency of the process improves if waste heat is utilized before it is lost to environment. This book discusses the waste heat recovery system designed for a Glass Factory in Pakistan. In order to extract heat from flue gases, the dew point temperature is first calculated in order to have a lower limit of flue gas exit. The exergy of flue gases is then determined based on this limiting value. This available energy is to be used to preheat the furnace oil during the low ambient temperature season. In order to impart this energy to the furnace oil, two heat exchangers have been designed. The first heat exchanger transfers heat from the flue gases to an intermediate heat transfer medium. The second heat exchanger is designed to transfer heat from to the furnace oil. An insulated piping network is also designed in order to meet the purpose. Two pumps are selected in order to pump these fluids. The expected payback period of investment is also calculated.

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) is one of the most important cereal grain crop of the world and is cultivated over a wide range of climatic conditions. For a successful breeding program the inheritance of yield related traits is a pre- requisite. This monograph communicates the inheritance pattern of yield and related traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using 8x8 diallel analyses. Graphical analysis revealed additive gene action for days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, grains per spike, 1000 grains weight and harvest index. While over dominance gene action for flag leaf area, tillers per plant, Spike length and yield per plant. The GCA mean squares were significant for all traits except tiller per plant and yield per plant and were greater than SCA mean squares indicating the preponderance of additive genetic effects. The parents Tkb, Tat, Sarc-3 and SQ- 92 were good general combiners. The parents Tkb, Tat, Sarc-3 and SQ-92 and the specific crosses that showed high mid parent and better parent heterosis are recommended for further use in wheat breeding programmes.