In this book Archibald describes two studies conducted within a parametric framework in the area of second language acquisition. The studies are designed to investigate the acquisition of English stress patterns (via both production and perception tasks) by adult speakers of Polish and Hungarian. Archibald argues that interlanguage grammars can be understood as a mix of L1 transfer and the effects of Universal Grammar. Metrical parameters related to such things as quantity--sensitivity, extrametricality, and word--tree dominance determine the structure of the interlanguage. The author reports that the subjects are remarkably successful at acquiring English stress and do not appear to violate proposed universals of metrical phonology. This book is one of the few attempts to investigate the acquisition of L2 phonology within a UG framework. Empirical support is provided for the parametric model to an extent uncommon in most syntactic studies.

'In my work, I see the power of good schools to change young lives for the better almost every day. This book takes us behind the doors of unusually high-performing high-poverty schools to show us how they do it and where they get the funding. The book is a valuable tool for educators who want to improve their results and a reminder to parents and policy makers that we should never expect less.'uKati Haycock, PresidentThe Education TrustRadically reform your school and improve academic achievement using readily accessible resources!At a time when the United States is struggling with far-reaching educational reform, school leaders need a blueprint for dramatically improving student success and supporting those efforts by effectively reallocating and managing available resources. Doubling Student Performance combines the latest research with the authors' national study of diverse schools that were able to significantly boost student achievement. Strategies focus on reducing class size, promoting professional development, locating necessary funding, and providing academic support to struggling students. School leaders will find:Examples and case studies that include high-minority and high-poverty schools10 key strategies for dramatically increasing student achievement, such as setting ambitious goals and emphasizing a collaborative culture Clear steps and specific tools to successfully reallocate resources This book is a valuable tool for educators and policy makers who understand that reform is only possible when schools have the human and financial resources to do it.

Although there has been receptivity to the notion of school-level resource reallocation, there has been a dearth of information on how resource reallocation can actually be implemented. The authors? goal is to describe actual resource reallocation practices and the realities of the resource reallocation process using examples from the schools that they have studied, as well as schools that others have studied. Though it is helpful to know that resource reallocation is feasible, it is even more helpful to principals and teachers to understand the nitty-gritty details of it ? which resources get reduced, which resources are added, what funding sources are tapped, what problems are encountered, and how the process unfolds in real school settings. All types of schools were included in the study: schools in urban, suburban and rural districts, large and small schools, and schools in large, medium, and small school districts. The schools studied also reflect a range of student demographics, from low to high percentages of minorities and students eligible for free or reduced-price lunches. Each school adopted a number of new educational strategies, each of which required various expensive educational ingredients ? smaller classes, more planning time, expanded professional development, tutoring for students who were struggling to achieve high standards, etc. This book tells the story of how schools can finance expensive program needs by describing the vast array of decisions that must be made, including how to pay for the new strategies.

Although there has been receptivity to the notion of school-level resource reallocation, there has been a dearth of information on how resource reallocation can actually be implemented. The authors? goal is to describe actual resource reallocation practices and the realities of the resource reallocation process using examples from the schools that they have studied, as well as schools that others have studied. Though it is helpful to know that resource reallocation is feasible, it is even more helpful to principals and teachers to understand the nitty-gritty details of it ? which resources get reduced, which resources are added, what funding sources are tapped, what problems are encountered, and how the process unfolds in real school settings. All types of schools were included in the study: schools in urban, suburban and rural districts, large and small schools, and schools in large, medium, and small school districts. The schools studied also reflect a range of student demographics, from low to high percentages of minorities and students eligible for free or reduced-price lunches. Each school adopted a number of new educational strategies, each of which required various expensive educational ingredients ? smaller classes, more planning time, expanded professional development, tutoring for students who were struggling to achieve high standards, etc. This book tells the story of how schools can finance expensive program needs by describing the vast array of decisions that must be made, including how to pay for the new strategies.