This book focuses on various types of crowdfunding and the lessons learned from academic research. Crowdfunding, a new and important source of financing for entrepreneurs, fills a funding gap that was traditionally difficult to close. Chapters from expert contributors define and carefully evaluate the various market segments: donation-based and reward-based crowdfunding, crowdinvesting and crowdlending. They further provide an assessment of startups, market structure, as well as backers and investors for each segment. Attention is given to the theoretical and empirical findings from the recent economics and finance literature. Furthermore, the authors evaluate relevant regulatory efforts in several jurisdictions. This book will appeal to finance, entrepreneurship and legal scholars as well as entrepreneurs and platform operators.

The Brazilian Amazon is the largest area of tropical rainforest in Latin America. Brazil is that continent's most rapidly developing country. The Amazon is at the heart of the conflict between conservation and development, between people and power, and between heritage and modernisation. In the name of development, the powerful are colonizing the forest. The greatest new threat comes from the massive hydro-electric schemes which are being pushed ahead with little regard to efficacy, the rights of the people, or the survival of the forest. Dam the Rivers, Damn the People is about two of the most affected areas, Balbina in Amazonas and the Xingu River in Para. Barbara Cummings describes the plans which the state attempted to keep secret, the extent to which these projects will destroy the forest, the consequent dispossession of the people of the forest and, above all, their growing resistance. She shows how the outcome of their fight affects us all. Originally published in 1990

Recent advances in understanding the role of protein dysmetabolism in neurodegeneration was the theme of the Fondation IPSEN meeting addressing Genotype-Proteotype-Phenotype relationships. Experts from international laboratories contributed to the current volume to produce a comprehensive overview of the role of protein misfolding in neurodegeneration. Links between genotype and protein characteristics and between proteotype and clinical phenomenology were discussed across diseases categories. Progress in understanding the role of abnormalities of protein metabolism may lead to the identification of biological markers relevant to disease monitoring and to the development of new therapeutic agents capable of modifying and ameliorating basic neurodegenerative mechanisms.

Short chain fatty acids (SFCA) are synthesized by the colonic microflora primarily from non-absorbed carbohydrate; there is also some limited production from non-absorbed protein. In contrast, SFCA are not normally present in the diet. During the past 15 years SFCA have attracted considerable interest in human nutrition, physiology and pathophysiology as a result of the realization that SFCA represent an important mechanism for carbohydrate and calorie conservation and may play a role in various types of colitides and possibly in colonic neoplasia. In addition, SFCA, produced in large amounts by ruminants and other herbivores, have long been the province of veterinary physiologists. This book is based upon the presentations at the 73rd Falk Symposium held in Strasbourg, France, September 8--10, 1993, which brought together researchers and clinicians from five continents. It provides an excellent statement of the present state-of-the-art knowledge of SFCA.

This edited collection presents recent developments, practical innovations, and policy reforms in the realm of microfinance in emerging markets. Microfinance has been hotly debated by ever-colliding camps of ardent supporters, who believe that microfinance addresses credit market failures and provides a durable answer to the problem of the poverty, and staunch critics, who argue that lending by microfinance institutions is wasteful, and the interest rates are too high. To bring further insight into this important debate, this book presents comprehensive historical, political, and economic perspectives on the latest issues in microfinance. An impressive array of scholars and practitioners build a framework for thinking about regulation to drive sustainable, inclusive development. With case studies of programs in India, Ghana, and Bangladesh, and examinations of the effects of gender and religion on financial decision-making, this comprehensive collection offers something valuable to scholars, policymakers, and practitioners-anyone with a vested interest in promoting innovation in microfinance.

The Brazilian Amazon is the largest area of tropical rainforest in Latin America. Brazil is that continent's most rapidly developing country. The Amazon is at the heart of the conflict between conservation and development, between people and power, and between heritage and modernisation. In the name of development, the powerful are colonizing the forest. The greatest new threat comes from the massive hydro-electric schemes which are being pushed ahead with little regard to efficacy, the rights of the people, or the survival of the forest. Dam the Rivers, Damn the People is about two of the most affected areas, Balbina in Amazonas and the Xingu River in Para. Barbara Cummings describes the plans which the state attempted to keep secret, the extent to which these projects will destroy the forest, the consequent dispossession of the people of the forest and, above all, their growing resistance. She shows how the outcome of their fight affects us all. Originally published in 1990

Other books present corporate finance approaches to the venture capital and private equity industry, but many key decisions require an understanding of the ways that law and economics work together. This revised and updated 2e offers broad perspectives and principles not found in other course books, enabling readers to deduce the economic implications of specific contract terms. This approach avoids the common pitfalls of implying that contractual terms apply equally to firms in any industry anywhere in the world.

In the 2e, datasets from over 40 countries are used to analyze and consider limited partnership contracts, compensation agreements, and differences in the structure of limited partnership venture capital funds, corporate venture capital funds, and government venture capital funds. There is also an in-depth study of contracts between different types of venture capital funds and entrepreneurial firms, including security design, and detailed cash flow, control and veto rights. The implications of such contracts for value-added effort and for performance are examined with reference to data from an international perspective. With seven new or completely revised chapters covering a range of topics from Fund Size and Diseconomies of Scale to Fundraising and Regulation, this new edition will be essential for financial and legal students and researchers considering international venture capital and private equity.
An analysis of the structure and governance features of venture capital contractsIn-depth study of contracts between different types of venture capital funds and entrepreneurial firmsPresents international datasets from over 40 countries around the worldAdditional references on a companion websiteContains sample contracts, including limited partnership agreements, term sheets, shareholder agreements, and subscription agreements

Recent advances in understanding the role of protein dysmetabolism in neurodegeneration was the theme of the Fondation IPSEN meeting addressing Genotype-Proteotype-Phenotype relationships. Experts from international laboratories contributed to the current volume to produce a comprehensive overview of the role of protein misfolding in neurodegeneration. Links between genotype and protein characteristics and between proteotype and clinical phenomenology were discussed across diseases categories. Progress in understanding the role of abnormalities of protein metabolism may lead to the identification of biological markers relevant to disease monitoring and to the development of new therapeutic agents capable of modifying and ameliorating basic neurodegenerative mechanisms.

This textbook provides practical advice for junior surgical trainees on basic procedures in all surgical specialties. There are concise descriptions of minor and intermediate procedures that the trainee may be expected to perform and they are illustrated by clear line diagrams.

This issue of Clinics in Chest Medicine, guest-edited by Drs. Carrie A. Redlich, Kristin J. Cummings, and Peggy Lai, is focused on Advances in Occupational and Environmental Lung Diseases. Topics discussed in this issue include but are not limited to: Master Clinician - selected occupational and environmental pulmonary cases; Chest imaging in the Diagnosis of Occupational Lung Diseases; Harnessing electronic medical records to enhance the diagnosis of work-related lung diseases; The impact of health disparities on lung disease; Respiratory health effects of exposure to cleaning products; Occupational upper airways disorders, including laryngeal dysfunction; Occupational bronchiolitis - including flavoring-related lung disease, deployment; Coal workers pneumoconiosis and other mining-related lung disease: the re-emergence of an old disease (including COPD in miners); Occupational contributions to ILD (including asbestos, overlap HP and ILD); Silicosis - Persistence of an old disease, old and new exposure settings and prevention; Occupational respiratory cancer: Chest CT screening; Occupational respiratory Infections: pneumonia, healthcare workers; Update on climate change: its impact on respiratory health at work, home, and at play; The changing nature of wildfires: update on the respiratory health of first responders and communities; The microbiome and damp Indoor environments; The on-going impact of World Trade Center exposures on respiratory health; The impact of Electronic cigarettes and smoking cessation; The respiratory risks of ambient /outdoor air pollution; and Indoor air pollution and respiratory health.

Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) represent both an increasingly important - and potentially dominant - category of alternative investor, and a novel form for governments to project their interests both home and abroad. As such, they represent both economic actors and embody power vested in the financial and diplomatic resources they can leverage. Although at times they have acted in concert with other alternative investors, their intergenerational savings function should, in theory at least, promote more long-termist thinking. However, they may be impelled in towards greater short termism, in response to popular pressures, demands from predatory elites and/or unforeseen external shocks. Of all the categories of alternative investment, SWFs perhaps embody the most contradictory pressures, making for diverse and complex outcomes. The aim of this volume is to consolidate the present state of the art, and advance the field through new applied, conceptual and theoretical insights. The volume is ordered into chapters that explore thematic issues and country studies, incorporating novel insights in on the most recent developments in the SWF ecosystem. This handbook is organized into four sections and 23 chapters. The four sections are: Governance of SWFs, Political and Legal Aspects of SWFs, Investment Choices and Structures of SWFs, Country and Regional Analyses of SWFs.

Crowdfunding: Fundamental Cases, Facts, and Insights presents fundamental knowledge about a maturing economic field. Assembling and arranging datasets, case analyses, and other foundational materials on subjects associated with crowdfunding, it systematically, comprehensively, and authoritatively provides access to a consistent body of crowdfunding research. With the crowdfunding industry now consolidated, this core reference can serve as the basis for research projects and applied work. Acclaim for Crowdfunding "This book provides insightful cases and statistics from around the world on how rewards and equity crowdfunding markets work. It also includes useful information on marketplace lending. It is a great resource for entrepreneurs and investors, as well as for policymakers, academics, and students." - Craig Asano, Founder and CEO, National Crowdfunding and Fintech Association "Crowdfunding offers detailed analyses of rewards and equity crowdfunding markets using statistical methods and case studies. I recommend it for academics, practitioners, and policymakers who seek a rigorous look at crowdfunding markets around the world." - Jay Ritter, Joseph B. Cordell Eminent Scholar Chair, Warrington College of Business, University of Florida

This Is A New Release Of The Original 1854 Edition.

This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ A Fruitful Church, 1832-1892: A Brief History Of The Several Churches And Sabbath Schools That Have Been The Outgrowth Of The Historic First Presbyterian Church, Washington Square, Philadelphia, During The Past Threescore Years: A Tribute Of Loving Affection J. S. Cummings J.S. Cummings, 1892 Religion; Christianity; Presbyterian; Religion / Christianity / Presbyterian

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!