This volume is the 3rd in a series of comprehensive publications devoted to the molecular spectra and environmentally important properties of polycyclic aromatic compounds which constitute one of the most interesting classes of environmental carcinogens. Since the first identification of dibenz(a, h)anthracene and later benzo(a)pyrene as chemical carcinogens in the 1930's, the number of publications devoted to this ubiquitously occurring group of compounds has increased constantly. Therefore, this reference source for the spectral, physicochemical and en vironmentaJ properties of polycyclic aromatic compounds should be a welcome addition to the previous volumes for scientists engaged in the investigation, characterisation and control of this hazardous class of pollutants. As was the case with the preceding volume, this publication is the fruit of a close collaboration within the General Directorate for SCience, Research and Development of the Commission of the European Communities between the Environment Institute of the Joint Research Centre Ispra, the Community Bureau of Reference and expert laboratories in the member states. F. Geiss Director of the Environment Institute JRC Ispra 1. Introduction Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PAC) are an important class of carcinogenic environmental pollutants, which occur in air, water, soils, sediments, in food and in the work area. Because many hundreds of closely related isomers are being formed and released in the environment from combustion processes of fossil fuels and other organic materials, their environmental and health con trol presents a difficult task."

Based on the Lectures given during the Eurocourse on 'Practical Applications of Quantitative Structure-Activity (QSAR) in Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology' held at the Joint Research Centre Ispra, Italy, June 11--15, 1990

In many scientific branches, and especially the environmental sciences, the need for data treatment and evaluation is increasing continuously. Therefore, the interest and application range of multivariate analysis have expanded accordingly with a view of structuring, interpreting, and evaluating complex data bases. In this context, the present volume attempts to review the state-of-the-art in multivariate analysis and give an overview of the various fields of application in ecology, environmental chemistry, toxicology, risk analysis, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. The first chapters of the book are focusing on fundamental aspects of multivariate analysis. The second part contains a number of case studies, with the application of basic methods such as principal component analysis, correspondence factor analysis, discriminant analysis, and neural networks. This book reflects and combines the lectures organized in June 1991 in the frame of the Eurocourse programme at JRC Ispra under the sponsorship of the Institute for the Environment. It was the intention of the course and the resulting publication to promote and stimulate the application of multivariate analysis in environmental sciences and related areas. F. Geiss Director Environment Institute JRC Ispra vii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS AND LECTURERS Auda Y.: Maison de 1'0rient Mediterraneen, CNRS, Universite Lyon 2, 7 rue Raulin, 69007 Lyon, France. Bacou A.M.: Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS, BP 5051, 34033 Montpellier CEDEX, France. Banco G.: Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS, BP 5051, 34033 Montpellier CEDEX, France. Barny M.H.: Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, IPSN, BP 6,92265 Fontenay-aux Roses CEDEX, France."

This volume is the 3rd in a series of comprehensive publications devoted to the molecular spectra and environmentally important properties of polycyclic aromatic compounds which constitute one of the most interesting classes of environmental carcinogens. Since the first identification of dibenz(a,h)anthracene and later benzo(a)pyrene as chemical carcinogens in the 1930's, the number of publications devoted to this ubiquitously occurring group of compounds has increased constantly. Therefore, this reference source for the spectral, physicochemical and en vironmentaJ properties of polycyclic aromatic compounds should be a welcome addition to the previous volumes for scientists engaged in the investigation, characterisation and control of this hazardous class of pollutants. As was the case with the preceding volume, this publication is the fruit of a close collaboration within the General Directorate for SCience, Research and Development of the Commission of the European Communities between the Environment Institute of the Joint Research Centre Ispra, the Community Bureau of Reference and expert laboratories in the member states. F. Geiss Director of the Environment Institute JRC Ispra 1. Introduction Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PAC) are an important class of carcinogenic environmental pollutants, which occur in air, water, soils, sediments, in food and in the work area. Because many hundreds of closely related isomers are being formed and released in the environment from combustion processes of fossil fuels and other organic materials, their environmental and health con trol presents a difficult task.

These essays offer a historically rigorous dismantling of Western claims about the superiority of celibate priests. Although celibacy is often seen as a distinctive feature of the Catholic priesthood, both Catholic and Orthodox Churches in fact have rich and diverse traditions of married priests. The essays contained in Married Priests in the Catholic Church offer the most comprehensive treatment of these traditions to date. These essays, written by a wide-ranging group that includes historians, pastors, theologians, canon lawyers, and the wives and children of married Roman Catholic, Eastern Catholic, and Eastern Orthodox priests, offer diverse perspectives from many countries and traditions on the subject, including personal, historical, theological, and canonical accounts. As a collection, these essays push especially against two tendencies in thinking about married priesthood today. Against the idea that a married priesthood would solve every problem in Catholic clerical culture, this collection deromanticizes and demythologizes the notion of married priesthood. At the same time, against distinctively modern theological trends that posit the superiority, apostolicity, and “ontological� necessity of celibate priests, this collection refutes the claim that priestly ordination and celibacy must be so closely linked. In addressing the topic of married priesthood from both practical and theoretical angles, and by drawing on a variety of perspectives, Married Priests in the Catholic Church will be of interest to a wide audience, including historians, theologians, canon lawyers, and seminary professors and formators, as well as pastors, parish leaders, and laypeople. Contributors: Adam A. J. DeVille, David G. Hunter, Dellas Oliver Herbel, James S. Dutko, Patrick Viscuso, Alexander M. Laschuk, John Hunwicke, Edwin Barnes, Peter Galadza, David Meinzen, Julian Hayda, Irene Galadza, Nicholas Denysenko, William C. Mills, Andrew Jarmus, Thomas J. Loya, Lawrence Cross, and Basilio Petrà.

These essays offer a historically rigorous dismantling of Western claims about the superiority of celibate priests. Although celibacy is often seen as a distinctive feature of the Catholic priesthood, both Catholic and Orthodox Churches in fact have rich and diverse traditions of married priests. The essays contained in Married Priests in the Catholic Church offer the most comprehensive treatment of these traditions to date. These essays, written by a wide-ranging group that includes historians, pastors, theologians, canon lawyers, and the wives and children of married Roman Catholic, Eastern Catholic, and Eastern Orthodox priests, offer diverse perspectives from many countries and traditions on the subject, including personal, historical, theological, and canonical accounts. As a collection, these essays push especially against two tendencies in thinking about married priesthood today. Against the idea that a married priesthood would solve every problem in Catholic clerical culture, this collection deromanticizes and demythologizes the notion of married priesthood. At the same time, against distinctively modern theological trends that posit the superiority, apostolicity, and “ontological� necessity of celibate priests, this collection refutes the claim that priestly ordination and celibacy must be so closely linked. In addressing the topic of married priesthood from both practical and theoretical angles, and by drawing on a variety of perspectives, Married Priests in the Catholic Church will be of interest to a wide audience, including historians, theologians, canon lawyers, and seminary professors and formators, as well as pastors, parish leaders, and laypeople. Contributors: Adam A. J. DeVille, David G. Hunter, Dellas Oliver Herbel, James S. Dutko, Patrick Viscuso, Alexander M. Laschuk, John Hunwicke, Edwin Barnes, Peter Galadza, David Meinzen, Julian Hayda, Irene Galadza, Nicholas Denysenko, William C. Mills, Andrew Jarmus, Thomas J. Loya, Lawrence Cross, and Basilio Petrà.

Among the issues that continue to divide the Catholic Church from the Orthodox Church--the two largest Christian bodies in the world, together comprising well over a billion faithful--the question of the papacy is widely acknowledged to be the most significant stumbling block to their unification. For nearly forty years, commentators, theologians, and hierarchs, from popes and patriarchs to ordinary believers of both churches, have acknowledged the problems posed by the papacy.

In "Orthodoxy and the Roman Papacy: " Ut Unum Sint "and the Prospects of East-West Unity," Adam A. J. DeVille offers the first comprehensive examination of the papacy from an Orthodox perspective that also seeks to find a way beyond this impasse, toward full Orthodox-Catholic unity. He first surveys the major postwar Orthodox and Catholic theological perspectives on the Roman papacy and on patriarchates, enumerating Orthodox problems with the papacy and reviewing how Orthodox patriarchates function and are structured. In response to Pope John Paul II's 1995 request for a dialogue on Christian unity, set forth in the encyclical letter "Ut Unum Sint, " DeVille proposes a new model for the exercise of papal primacy. DeVille suggests the establishment of a permanent ecumenical synod consisting of all the patriarchal heads of Churches under a papal presidency, and discusses how the pope qua pope would function in a reunited Church of both East and West, in full communion. His analysis, involving the most detailed plan for Orthodox-Catholic unity yet offered by an Orthodox theologian, could not be more timely.

"In "Orthodoxy and the Roman Papacy: "Ut Unum Sint" and the Prospects of East-West Unity"," " not only does Adam A. J. DeVille give a historical and theological background to the thorny problem of the papacy in ecumenical dialogue; he also outlines what a reintegrated Church would look like by suggesting a way the papacy could function. Taking what both Orthodox and Catholic ecumenists have said, he paints a practical portrait of a unified Church. This is a novel and important contribution. --David Fagerberg, University of Notre Dame

"John Paul II's remarkable encyclical "Ut Unum Sint" gives occasion for a comprehensive review and analysis of the steady, though often sputtering movement toward Orthodox and Roman Catholic rapprochement in our day. DeVille identifies the major voices, the churches involved, and assesses in particular the place and role of the Papacy in this process. "Orthodoxy and the Roman Papacy"" "does a great service in promoting the ecumenical conversation, and will be an edifying resource to all that are interested in it." --Vigen Guroian, University of Virginia

"Adam A. J. DeVille looks not only at the history of ecumenism from the Catholic side since Vatican II but also at more than a dozen of the leading Orthodox theologians internationally and their perspectives on the role and status of the bishop of Rome. Not since "The Primacy of Peter: Essays in Ecclesiology and the Early Church," a collection of post Vatican II Orthodox views published over twenty years ago, has there been such an extensive and focused presentation of Orthodox points of view." --Michael Plekon, Baruch College