Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Concern for the environment has become one of the big issues in modern society, and one of the chief concerns is the environmental impact of modern industrial production. A particularly sensitive issue is the possibility of accidents in industries where there may be severe consequences for people, property and the environment. At one time the nuclear industry was seen as the most likely to be the cause of significant environmental damage, but after the occurrence of several major accidents such as Seveso, Flixborough and Bhopal, that concern extends to much of the chemicals industry. Pressure from society, reflected by strong legislation, coupled with a greater understanding of the impact that chemical processing operations can have, has led to the adoption of higher profile safety and environmental management programs within the chemical industry. Under these programmes existing and new processes are rigorously examined to determine the possible causes and consequences of failure, and the results used to improve the process to make failure less likely. Any process audit, aimed at improving safety or lessening the environmental impact, cannot be carried out using intuition or experience alone, so the discipline of risk analysis has grown as a collection of tools and methods which can be utilized to give a quantitative assessment of the risks involved in operating any given process. In this new book the authors present risk analysis and reduction in a clear and unified way, emphasizing the various different methods which can be used together in a global approach to risk analysis in the chemical process industries. Originally conceived as a text book for graduate level courses in chemical engineering, the clear presentation and thorough coverage will ensure that anyone involved in risk assessment, environmental impact assessment or safety planning will find this book an invaluable source of reference.

Fluorine is unique in that it is possible to replace hydrogen by fluorine either singly or multiply, in an organic molecule and, in so-doing create a potentially infinite extension to organic chemistry that is entirely synthetic. The excitement of the chemistry of these systems stems from the unique reactions that ensue and the special-effects that introduction of fluorine impart. Indeed, these effects are now exploited in a remarkable array of applications across the whole of the chemical, pharmaceutical, and plant-protection industries, although this is not widely appreciated. In this book, we have gathered authors with immense experience in various aspects of their field and each is a world-authority on the important topics they have described. Some topics, like the use of elemental fluorine, and enzymes in synthesis, are relatively new areas that are rapidly growing. We dedicate the book to a long standing friend, Professor George Olah, in the year of his 70th birthday, in recognition of his massive achievements. Durham, May 1997 Dick Chambers Contents Elemental Fluorine in Organic Chemistry J. Hutchinson and G. Sandford . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Fluorinated Organometallic Compounds D. J. Burton and L. Lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Enzymatically Controlled Reactions of Organofluorine Compounds T. Kitazume and T. Yamazaki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Building Block Approaches to Aliphatic Organofluorine Compounds J. M. Percy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Electrofluorination of Organic Compounds F. G. Drakesmith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Author Index Volumes 151 193 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Contents of Volume 192 Organofluorine Chemistry: Fluorinated Alkenes and Reactive Intermediates Volume Editor: R. D. Chambers Nucleophilic Reactions of Fluorinated Alkenes R. D. Chambers and J. F.

For more than a century, Bible scholars and university researchers have been systematically debunking what ordinary Christians believed about Jesus of Nazareth. But what if the most recent Biblical scholarship actually affirmed the New Testament? What if Jesus was not a Zealot revolutionary, or a Greek Cynic philosopher, or a proto-feminist Gnostic, but precisely what he claimed to be: the divine Son of Man prophesied in the Book of Daniel who gave his life as a ransom for many? What if everything the Gospels say about Jesus of Nazareth--his words, his deeds, his plans--turned out to be true? Searching for Jesus changes "what if?" to "what is," debunking the debunkers and showing how the latest scholarship supports orthodox Christian belief.

For fifty years, The Supreme Court Review has been lauded for providing authoritative discussion of the Court's most significant decisions. The Review is an in-depth annual critique of the Supreme Court and its work, keeping up on the forefront of the origins, reforms, and interpretations of American law. Recent volumes have considered such issues as post-9/11 security, the 2000 presidential election, cross burning, federalism and state sovereignty, failed Supreme Court nominations, the battles concerning same-sex marriage, and numerous First and Fourth amendment cases.

Fluorine is unique in that it is possible to replace hydrogen by fluorine either singly or multiply, in an organic molecule and, in so-doing create a potentially infinite extension to organic chemistry that is entirely synthetic. The excitement of the chemistry of these systems stems from the unique reactions that ensue and the "special-effects"that introduction of fluorine impart. Indeed, these effects are now exploited in a remarkable array of applications across the whole of the chemical, pharmaceutical, and plant-protection industries, although this is not widely appreciated. In this book, we have gathered authors with immense experience in various aspects of their field and each is a world-authority on the important topics they have described. Some topics, like the use of elemental fluorine, and enzymes in synthesis, are relatively new areas that are rapidly growing. We dedicate the book to a long standing friend, Professor George Olah, in the year of his 70th birthday, in recognition of his massive achievements. Durham, May 1997 Dick Chambers Contents Elemental Fluorine in Organic Chemistry J. Hutchinson and G. Sandford . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Fluorinated Organometallic Compounds D. J. Burton and L. Lu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Enzymatically Controlled Reactions of Organofluorine Compounds T. Kitazume and T. Yamazaki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Building Block Approaches to Aliphatic Organofluorine Compounds J. M. Percy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Electrofluorination of Organic Compounds F. G. Drakesmith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Author Index Volumes 151-193 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Contents of Volume 192 Organofluorine Chemistry: Fluorinated Alkenes and Reactive Intermediates Volume Editor: R. D. Chambers Nucleophilic Reactions of Fluorinated Alkenes R. D. Chambers and J. F. S.

Concern for the environment has become one of the big issues in modern society, and one of the chief concerns is the environmental impact of modern industrial production. A particularly sensitive issue is the possibility of accidents in industries where there may be severe consequences for people, property and the environment. At one time the nuclear industry was seen as the most likely to be the cause of significant environmental damage, but after the occurrence of several major accidents such as Seveso, Flixborough and Bhopal, that concern extends to much of the chemicals industry. Pressure from society, reflected by strong legislation, coupled with a greater understanding of the impact that chemical processing operations can have, has led to the adoption of higher profile safety and environmental management programs within the chemical industry. Under these programmes existing and new processes are rigorously examined to determine the possible causes and consequences of failure, and the results used to improve the process to make failure less likely. Any process audit, aimed at improving safety or lessening the environmental impact, cannot be carried out using intuition or experience alone, so the discipline of risk analysis has grown as a collection of tools and methods which can be utilized to give a quantitative assessment of the risks involved in operating any given process. In this new book the authors present risk analysis and reduction in a clear and unified way, emphasizing the various different methods which can be used together in a global approach to risk analysis in the chemical process industries. Originally conceived as a text book for graduate level courses in chemical engineering, the clear presentation and thorough coverage will ensure that anyone involved in risk assessment, environmental impact assessment or safety planning will find this book an invaluable source of reference.

In this text, the author reviews reproductive function in humans and wild and domestic mammals, highlighting the loci suitable for manipulation. Topics covered and discussed include: the needs and potential value of manipulating reproduction - including population control/family planning, increasing fertility, out of season breeding and conservation of wild species; the current methods of controlling reproduction, and their advantages and disadvantages; and the future potential of new methods.

Advocating a pragmatic and multidisciplinary approach to the management of patients with brain injuries, Traumatic Brain Injury provides a detailed description of care along the whole-patient pathway. Delivering an evidence-based update on the optimal care of both adult and paediatric patients who have sustained injuries ranging from mild to severe, information from on-going multi-centre studies in neurotrauma is included. The basic scientific principles of neuropathology, head injury research and scoring systems are presented before detailed sections on emergency department care, patient transfer, intensive care and longer-term care. Rehabilitation is reviewed in detail with chapters discussing the aims and roles of physiotherapy, occupational therapy and neuropsychology amongst others. Discussing medico-legal issues in detail, the effect of injury on the individual and their family are also examined. Emphasising a holistic approach to caring for patients with brain injuries, this is an essential guide for all involved.

For more than fifty years, The Supreme Court Review has won acclaim for providing a sustained and authoritative survey of the implications of the Court's most significant decisions. The Supreme Court Review is an in-depth annual critique of the Supreme Court and its work, keeping up on the forefront of the origins, reforms, and interpretations of American law. It is written by and for legal academics, judges, political scientists, journalists, historians, economists, policy planners, and sociologists.

For fifty years, "The Supreme Court Review" has been lauded for providing authoritative discussion of the court's most significant decisions. The Review is an indepth annual critique of the Supreme Court and its work, keeping up on the forefront of the origins, reforms, and interpretations of American law. Recent volumes have considered such issues as post-9/11 security, the 2000 presidential election, cross-burning, federalism and state sovereignty, failed Supreme Court nominations, and numerous First and Fourth Amendment cases.

For more than fifty years, The Supreme Court Review has won acclaim for providing a sustained and authoritative survey of the implications of the Court's most significant decisions. The Supreme Court Review is an in-depth annual critique of the Supreme Court and its work, keeping up on the forefront of the origins, reforms, and interpretations of American law. It is written by and for legal academics, judges, political scientists, journalists, historians, economists, policy planners, and sociologists.

John Hutchinson's poetry in Beckoned by Water: Called to Other Shores is profound, humorous, sad, and deliberately accessible. He takes the reader on an unforgettable journey where water finds entry into each poem of this collection. His attention ranges wide -- from the fish left outside in the freezing rain to the hushed quiet of a remote forest, from the faces of fear caught in a raging nighttime storm over the Chesapeake to the waves breaking over a coral reef in Mexico, from the frigate birds soaring across a blue Belizean sky to the attractive woman in her courtyard bath in Italy, and to an early morning walk as mist rises from the waters of the Mekong. John Hutchinson writes with his eyes open to the world around him and makes it unforgettable.