Juvenile Justice and Schools: Policing, Processing, and Programming examines the complex relationship between educational institutions and the juvenile justice system. Readers learn about factors that contribute to juvenile delinquency, how schools can prevent and manage juvenile delinquency, and how individuals can leverage resources other than police or justice systems in response to behavioral concerns. Each chapter examines a specific topic and demonstrates how the topic intersects with school systems and juvenile justice systems. Dedicated chapters explore poverty and its impact on school readiness; the school-to-prison pipeline; racial and gender disproportionality in school discipline practices; and police presence in schools. Students learn about the juvenile justice system, peer mediation as a means to reduce conflicts, strategies for reducing school violence, anti-bullying programs, and more. Juvenile Justice and Schools is an ideal resource for undergraduate and graduate level courses in sociology, criminology, and criminal justice. It can also be used in minor programs in peace studies, education, and juvenile delinquency.

This Open Access volume highlights how tree ring stable isotopes have been used to address a range of environmental issues from paleoclimatology to forest management, and anthropogenic impacts on forest growth. It will further evaluate weaknesses and strengths of isotope applications in tree rings. In contrast to older tree ring studies, which predominantly applied a pure statistical approach this book will focus on physiological mechanisms that influence isotopic signals and reflect environmental impacts. Focusing on connections between physiological responses and drivers of isotope variation will also clarify why environmental impacts are not linearly reflected in isotope ratios and tree ring widths. This volume will be of interest to any researcher and educator who uses tree rings (and other organic matter proxies) to reconstruct paleoclimate as well as to understand contemporary functional processes and anthropogenic influences on native ecosystems. The use of stable isotopes in biogeochemical studies has expanded greatly in recent years, making this volume a valuable resource to a growing and vibrant community of researchers.

Renee saw him falling right in front of her...hard to the ground from several loud blasts of a gun. Who had shot him? Why wasn't he moving? Why should she care, it was all just in a days work for her, and this was a nobody, right? The bling'd out brotha was probably just another thug, criminal drug dealer. Only Renee knew the truth, that this was her son. Nothing in her bible could have ever prepared her for this gruesome scene, and as a news writer for a local Baltimore television station, she'd seen her share of death and destruction. But why him, why now? Why when she'd just put her complete and total trust in her God who was a healer, a way maker, a protector? She used to be somebody's perfect wife, and perfect mother, with perfect children that led what she perceived as a perfect life. To make matters worse, this horrific event is just a small leak in the dam that is about to break around her. Her world is literally crumbling apart. How can she be expected to hold fast to her faith when her present was in turmoil and her past was determined to destroy her future?