Forces shaping human history are complex, but the course of history is undeniably changed on many occasions by conscious acts. These may be premeditated or responsive, calmly calculated or performed under great pressure. They may also be considered to be successful or catastrophic, but how are historians to make such judgments and appeal to evidence in support of their conclusions? Further, and crucially, how exactly are we to distinguish probable unrealized alternatives from improbable ones? This book describes some of the modern statistical techniques that can begin to answer this question, as well as some of the difficulties in doing so. Using simple, well-quantified cases drawn from military history, we claim that statistics can now help us to navigate the near-truths, the envelope around the events with which any meaningful historical analysis must deal, and to quantify the basis of such analysis. Quantifying Counterfactual Military History is intended for a general audience who are interested in learning more about statistical methods both in military history and for wider applications. Key Features: Demonstrates how modern statistical techniques can measure the impact of counterfactual decisions. Examines the importance of counterfactual reasoning for both modern scholars and historical actors. Combines historical narrative, mathematical precision and data to create a straightforward presentation of both factual and counterfactual military history. Provides an original contribution to the debate over the validity and rigour of works of counterfactual history Written in a manner accessible to readers who have no formal training in History or Statistics.

Forces shaping human history are complex, but the course of history is undeniably changed on many occasions by conscious acts. These may be premeditated or responsive, calmly calculated or performed under great pressure. They may also be considered to be successful or catastrophic, but how are historians to make such judgments and appeal to evidence in support of their conclusions? Further, and crucially, how exactly are we to distinguish probable unrealized alternatives from improbable ones? This book describes some of the modern statistical techniques that can begin to answer this question, as well as some of the difficulties in doing so. Using simple, well-quantified cases drawn from military history, we claim that statistics can now help us to navigate the near-truths, the envelope around the events with which any meaningful historical analysis must deal, and to quantify the basis of such analysis. Quantifying Counterfactual Military History is intended for a general audience who are interested in learning more about statistical methods both in military history and for wider applications. Key Features: Demonstrates how modern statistical techniques can measure the impact of counterfactual decisions. Examines the importance of counterfactual reasoning for both modern scholars and historical actors. Combines historical narrative, mathematical precision and data to create a straightforward presentation of both factual and counterfactual military history. Provides an original contribution to the debate over the validity and rigour of works of counterfactual history Written in a manner accessible to readers who have no formal training in History or Statistics.

This transnational collection discusses the use of Native American imagery in twentieth and twenty-first-century European culture. With examples ranging from Irish oral myth, through the pop image of Indians promulgated in pornography, to the philosophical appropriations of Ernst Bloch or the European far right, contributors illustrate the legend of "the Indian." Drawing on American Indian literary nationalism, postcolonialism, and transnational theories, essays demonstrate a complex nexus of power relations that seemingly allows European culture to build its own Native images, and ask what effect this has on the current treatment of indigenous peoples.

This transnational collection discusses the use of Native American imagery in twentieth and twenty-first-century European culture. With examples ranging from Irish oral myth, through the pop image of Indians promulgated in pornography, to the philosophical appropriations of Ernst Bloch or the European far right, contributors illustrate the legend of "the Indian." Drawing on American Indian literary nationalism, postcolonialism, and transnational theories, essays demonstrate a complex nexus of power relations that seemingly allows European culture to build its own Native images, and ask what effect this has on the current treatment of indigenous peoples.

Aiming to furnish the reader with the historical data to engage with the debates surrounding the Cameron government's 'Big Society' and civil society, this book gives the reader a greater and more informed historical consciousness of how the NGO sector has grown and influenced.

Aiming to furnish the reader with the historical data to engage with the debates surrounding the Cameron government's 'Big Society' and civil society, this book gives the reader a greater and more informed historical consciousness of how the NGO sector has grown and influenced.

Examining the history of social movements and non-state socio-political action, this volume shows how Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) have proliferated in Britain since 1945, and how they have raised new political agendas, revived associational life, and arguably re-politicized generations disillusioned with the politics of the ballot box.

Examining the history of social movements and non-state socio-political action, this volume shows how Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) have proliferated in Britain since 1945, and how they have raised new political agendas, revived associational life, and arguably re-politicized generations disillusioned with the politics of the ballot box.

In 1964 the Senate Committee on Aging reported that "once admitted to an institution ... the veteran begins ... to show signs of social and physical degeneration," a phenomenon that has not escapted the attention of clinicians, social scientists, veterans, and other chronic-care patients.

Assuming that social withdrawal in the institutional setting was avoidable ad that a strictly medical model of chronic care was inappropriate, Lella and his collaborators established a patient-government project designed to give thirty elderly men in a large veterans' hospital, who suffered from various degrees of social withdrawal, an opportunity to express their individuality and independence and to shape institutional decisions.

"The Perils of Patient Government" goes well beyond a description and analysis of the projects' successful side--a general improvement in the lives of the veterans on Ward 23; it also exposes and analyzes the project's failures, portraying negotiation and conflict among change-oriented and conservative staff of varying professional identities, ideologies, and career strategies. While struggling over the idea and practice of patient self-government, nurses, and other professionals did make progress but also set severe limits on what patients could achieve for themselves. As well, Lella's study tackles the larger question of how change affects organizations and institutions.

Lively and well-written, this is an enlightening work for students of gerontology and geriactics, for professionals and para-professionals, administrators, and policy-makers involved in chronic care, and for researchers probing the fields of medical sociology and institutional organization.

Today, we know that a mammoth is an extinct type of elephant that was covered with long fur and lived in the north country during the ice ages. But how do you figure out what a mammoth is if you have no concept of extinction, ice ages, or fossils? Long after the last mammoth died and was no longer part of the human diet, it still played a role in human life. Cultures around the world interpreted the remains of mammoths through the lens of their own worldview and mythology. When the ancient Greeks saw deposits of giant fossils, they knew they had discovered the battle fields where the gods had vanquished the Titans. When the Chinese discovered buried ivory, they knew they had found dragons' teeth. But as the Age of Reason dawned, monsters and giants gave way to the scientific method. Yet the mystery of these mighty bones remained. How did Enlightenment thinkers overcome centuries of myth and misunderstanding to reconstruct an unknown animal? The journey to unravel that puzzle begins in the 1690s with the arrival of new type of ivory on the European market bearing the exotic name "mammoth." It ends during the Napoleonic Wars with the first recovery of a frozen mammoth. The path to figuring out the mammoth was traveled by merchants, diplomats, missionaries, cranky doctors, collectors of natural wonders, Swedish POWs, Peter the Great, Ben Franklin, the inventor of hot chocolate, and even one pirate. McKay brings together dozens of original documents and illustrations, some ignored for centuries, to show how this odd assortment of characters solved the mystery of the mammoth and, in doing so, created the science of paleontology.

This issue of Veterinary Clinics: Equine Practice, guest edited by Dr. Robert MacKay in collaboration with Consulting Editor Dr. Thomas Divers, is devoted to Controversies in Equine Medicine and Surgery. Topics in this issue include: Hepatitis viruses in horses; Surgical treatment of wobblers; Electrical nerve stimulation in the management of equine headshaking; Lidocaine in postoperative management of colics; Neonatal encephalopathy; Shared mechanisms in the pathophysiology of different clinical forms of laminitis and implications for prevention and treatment; Toward functional cartilage restoration over chondral and subchondral defects in equine joints: prospects for regenerative medicine; Diagnostic testing for equine endocrine diseases; Treatments for sarcoid; EIPH importance and prevention; Treatment options for equine melanoma; and Removing a placenta.

A missing brother, an unlikely rapist, a determined bride and a lonely outcast are just a few of the "vicious little monkeys" who inhabit the same Bronx neighborhood. When a vengeful shotgun blast, some stolen money and the ghost of past deeds come into play, the monkeys discover that the Bronx does not let go of its own so easily.

Inspired by the recent popular interest in our country's historical legends and folklore, The Mediocre Life of Jordan Gaites is a fast paced story about a private detective with CIA background investigating the suspicious death of a close friend. His investigation will lead to a historic legend that has the potential to change the world as we know it today. This blend of U.S. history and folklore that borders on science fiction will captivate the reader from beginning to end.

Inspired by the recent popular interest in our country's historical legends and folklore, The Mediocre Life of Jordan Gaites is a fast paced story about a private detective with CIA background investigating the suspicious death of a close friend. His investigation will lead to a historic legend that has the potential to change the world as we know it today. This blend of U.S. history and folklore that borders on science fiction will captivate the reader from beginning to end.

Title: Quebec Hill; or, Canadian Scenery. A poem, in two parts.Publisher: British Library, Historical Print EditionsThe British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom. It is one of the world's largest research libraries holding over 150 million items in all known languages and formats: books, journals, newspapers, sound recordings, patents, maps, stamps, prints and much more. Its collections include around 14 million books, along with substantial additional collections of manuscripts and historical items dating back as far as 300 BC.The POETRY & DRAMA collection includes books from the British Library digitised by Microsoft. The books reflect the complex and changing role of literature in society, ranging from Bardic poetry to Victorian verse. Containing many classic works from important dramatists and poets, this collection has something for every lover of the stage and verse. ++++The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure edition identification: ++++ British Library Mackay, J.; 1797. 4 . 644.k.25.(5.)

A CREATURE...half boy, half mormon cricket, destined to be a do-gooder yet shunned by the public for his odd appearance. Legend says the creature would come out at night and climb to the top spire of the temple in order to watch over the city and help those in need. There'd never been an LDS superhero before and it was never the boy's intention to become one, but somehow he did and this is his incredibly wacky story. A funny tale of a little Mormon boy accidentally left behind in the salty Utah desert by his loving, but highly overpopulated Mormon family. The boy is rescued and raised by Mormon crickets. Through a serious of miraculous, but yet to be explained events, he gains superhero powers and becomes Mormon Cricket Man. Mormon Cricket Man is called on a super secret church mission as a member of the Rockwellians, a super secret sect of LDS church security who fight evil throughout the Universe. A funny, well written story of adventure and fun for the young and the young at heart...the first Mormon superhero is born. When you purchase Mormon Cricket Man you become a superhero We donate 100% of the profits from the sale of Mormon Cricket Man - LDS superhero to help feed, clothe and provide shelter to real world children throughout the Universe.

Why is Money] a) The thing that most of us worry about the most, and b) The thing that you understand and were educated in school about the least? Why do otherwise educated people tragically say: "I really do not understand Economics"? In Secrets About Money That Put You At Risk Michael McKay clearly and concisely presents the basics of this vital knowledge that we should have learned in school but were never taught. This is an ABC book for Adults, as well as for Young People, on What is Money and How it Works. It will teach you The Basic Things About Money And Wealth You Must Know And Probably Do Not. As reviewer David Gordon stated, "Michael McKay has described in a compelling fashion essential truths about money which everyone needs to know. Once you read this book, money will no longer seem mysterious." Dr Ron Paul, United States Congressman, has written, " 'Secrets About Money' by Michael McKay is a Great Summary that needs to be read by as many Members of Congress as possible."

Canadian defence policy has been largely neglected by historians except as a problem related to constitutional and political development. Dr. Hitsman repairs this neglect in his study of the military aspects of the defence of Canada, from the British Conquest to the withdrawal of the British garrison. His investigation demolishes a number of myths which have sprung up in this era of Canadian history. For example, in his examination of the military arrangements of the British in Canada Dr. Hitsman points out that, contrary to established belief, Guy Carleton, the last officer of the British Army to hold the appointment of Commander-in-Chief in North America, did more than just muddle through when Americans invaded Canada in 1775. This and many other misconceptions are corrected in this lucid study. After a brief introductory section on the problems of defence and attack during the period of the Conquest, there follows a coherent and intelligent account of the military aspects of Canadian defence after 1760: the geographical factors in strategy, the degree of potential danger, the men and resources available, and the policies pursued by the British government and its agents in Canada. The attitudes and behaviour of both English-speaking and French Canadians are also examined in their relationship to British rule. This book presents the facts about Canadian defence policy from original sources. Basing his study on Admiralty, Colonial and War Office papers, Dr. Hitsman reveals a remarkable ability for finding the appropriate document to illustrate each stage in the development in defence planning. His personal knowledge of army organization and his ability to make his way easily through military reports help to make this study an important contribution to Canadian history and scholarship.

Colorectal Surgery, second edition, is the essential guide for general surgical trainees preparing for the FRCS examination, as well as a quick-reference for clinicians working in the field. Providing a concise and evidence-based overview of colorectal surgery, this resource covers the diagnosis, management, and treatment of colorectal conditions. Extensively updated to reflect recent innovations in surgical practice, this edition covers new topics such as robotic surgery, complete mesocolic excision, capsule colonoscopy, and the role of qFIT in lower GI investigations. The oncology and inflammatory bowel disease chapters have been revised to reflect new understanding of the genetic aspects of IBD as well as novel therapeutic agents. Management of benign colorectal disease has also been revised to reflect current approaches to rectal prolapse and haemorrhoidal disease including updated guidelines for functional bowel conditions.

Oregon entered a new era in 1964 with the election of Tom McCall as Secretary of State and Bob Straub as State Treasurer. Their political rivalry formed the backdrop for two of Oregon's most transformative decades, as they successively fought for, lost, and won the governorship. Veteran Oregon journalist Floyd McKay had a front-row seat. As a political reporter for The Oregon Statesman in Salem, and then as news analyst for KGW-TV in Portland, McKay was known for asking tough questions and pulling no punches. His reporting and commentaries ranged from analysis of the "Tom and Bob" rivalry, to the Vietnam War's impact on Senators Wayne Morse and Mark Hatfield and the emergence of a new generation of Portland activists in the 1970s. McKay and his colleagues were on the beaches as Oregon crafted its landmark Beach Bill, ensuring the protection of beaches for public use. They watched as activists turned back efforts to build a highway on the sand at Pacific City. Pitched battles over Oregon's Bottle Bill, and the panic-inducing excitement of "Vortex"-the nation's only state-sponsored rock festival-characterized the period. Covering the period from 1964-1986, McKay remembers the action, the players and the consequences, in this compelling and personal account. As major actors fade from the scene and new leaders emerge, McKay casts a backwards glance at enduring Oregon legends. Half a century later, amid today's cynicism and disillusionment with media, politics, and politicians, Reporting the Oregon Story serves as a timely reminder that charged politics and bitter rivalries can also come hand-in-hand with lasting social progress. Reporting the Oregon Story will be relished by those who lived the history, and it will serve as a worthy introduction to Oregonians young and old who want a first-hand account of Oregon's mid- twentieth-century political history and legislative legacy.