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Class A biosolids can be produced using low-cost, low-technology
biosolids treatment processes including lagoon storage, air drying,
and cake storage. This project reviewed the available literature
and municipal agency data about these processes. This report
presents design and operating guidelines distilled from the review
process. It is designed for wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)
managers, operators, and engineers who wish to discern whether
these processes, used alone or in combination, might be practically
applied at specific plants. This report also describes the U.S.
regulatory environment in relation to producing Class A Biosolids
and defining Class A processes. It also presents a list of
recommended research needs. This report: Familiarizes WWTP
managers, operators, and engineers with low-cost, low-technology
biosolids treatment processes, likely pathogen kill mechanisms, and
practices that have reduced pathogen densities to Class A levels at
scales ranging from laboratory tests to large municipal biosolids
treatment operations. Presents guidelines for producing Class A
biosolids under a variety of conditions. Describes low-technology
treatment processes within the Class A regulatory framework,
identifies satisfactory end conditions for products created from
low-tech treatment processes, and provides guidance in developing
national or site-specific certification as processes equivalent to
a process to further reduce pathogens (PFRP).
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