Ovid (Publius Ovidius Naso, 43 BCE-17 CE), born at Sulmo, studied rhetoric and law at Rome. Later he did considerable public service there, and otherwise devoted himself to poetry and to society. Famous at first, he offended the emperor Augustus by his "Ars Amatoria, and was banished because of this work and some other reason unknown to us, and dwelt in the cold and primitive town of Tomis on the Black Sea. He continued writing poetry, a kindly man, leading a temperate life. He died in exile.

Ovid's main surviving works are the "Metamorphoses," a source of inspiration to artists and poets including Chaucer and Shakespeare; the "Fasti," a poetic treatment of the Roman year of which Ovid finished only half; the "Amores," love poems; the "Ars Amatoria," not moral but clever and in parts beautiful; "Heroides," fictitious love letters by legendary women to absent husbands; and the dismal works written in exile: the "Tristia," appeals to persons including his wife and also the emperor; and similar "Epistulae ex Ponto." Poetry came naturally to Ovid, who at his best is lively, graphic and lucid.

The Loeb Classical Library edition of Ovid is in six volumes.

Valerius Flaccus, Gaius, Latin poet who flourished in the period ca. 70-90 CE, composed in smooth and sometimes obscure style an incomplete epic "Argonautica" in eight books, on the Quest for the Golden Fleece. The poem is typical of his age, being a free re-handling of the story already told by Apollonius Rhodius, to whom he is superior in arrangement, vividness, and description of character. Valerius's poem shows much imitation of the language and thought of Virgil, and much learning. The chief interest of the epic lies in the relationship between Medea and Jason, especially the growth of Medea's love, where Valerius is at his best. The long series of adventures and various Roman allusions suggest that the poet meant to do honour to Vespasian (to whom the epic is dedicated) with special reference to that emperor's ships in waters around Britain.