The world continues to depend heavily upon a relatively small range of crops for food, fuel, fibre and industrial use, while many potentially good, economically acceptable alternatives exist. This book, which is the second in a series looking at underutilized crops, provides thorough details of those underutilized cereals and pseudocereals which are currently benefiting from research and others which have been neglected and deserve more research attention. Cereals and Pseudocereals considers in detail the potential for the following crops: quinoa, buckwheat, grain amaranth, triticale, fonio, intermediate wheatgrass and wild rice. Under the guidance of the International Centre for Underutilized Crops, the contents of this book have been drawn together by Professor Williams, who has wide research experience in the exploitation of new crops. The contents of this book will be of great interest and use to a wide range of people involved in work on the greater exploitation of currently underutilized crops, including upper level students in agricultural, plant and food sciences, researchers in development agencies and scientists working directly on improvement and exploitation of this group of crops.

The world continues to depend heavily upon a relatively minor range of crops for food, fuel, fibre and industrial use while many potentially good economically acceptable alternatives exist. This book, which is the first in a new series looking at underutilized crops, provides thorough details of those crops which research has suggested may be worthy of further and greater commercial development and exploitation, suggesting potential alternatives to existing widely-exploited crops.

The hybrid/heterogeneous nature of future microprocessors and large high-performance computing systems will result in a reliance on two major types of components: multicore/manycore central processing units and special purpose hardware/massively parallel accelerators. While these technologies have numerous benefits, they also pose substantial performance challenges for developers, including scalability, software tuning, and programming issues. Researchers at the Forefront Reveal Results from Their Own State-of-the-Art Work Edited by some of the top researchers in the field and with contributions from a variety of international experts, Scientific Computing with Multicore and Accelerators focuses on the architectural design and implementation of multicore and manycore processors and accelerators, including graphics processing units (GPUs) and the Sony Toshiba IBM (STI) Cell Broadband Engine (BE) currently used in the Sony PlayStation 3. The book explains how numerical libraries, such as LAPACK, help solve computational science problems; explores the emerging area of hardware-oriented numerics; and presents the design of a fast Fourier transform (FFT) and a parallel list ranking algorithm for the Cell BE. It covers stencil computations, auto-tuning, optimizations of a computational kernel, sequence alignment and homology, and pairwise computations. The book also evaluates the portability of drug design applications to the Cell BE and illustrates how to successfully exploit the computational capabilities of GPUs for scientific applications. It concludes with chapters on dataflow frameworks, the Charm++ programming model, scan algorithms, and a portable intracore communication framework. Explores the New Computational Landscape of Hybrid Processors By offering insight into the process of constructing and effectively using the technology, this volume provides a thorough and practical introduction to the area of hybrid computing. It discusses introductory concepts and simple examples of parallel computing, logical and performance debugging for parallel computing, and advanced topics and issues related to the use and building of many applications.

The three-volume set LNCS 10860, 10861 and 10862 constitutes the proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computational Science, ICCS 2018, held in Wuxi, China, in June 2018. The total of 155 full and 66 short papers presented in this book set was carefully reviewed and selected from 404 submissions. The papers were organized in topical sections named: Part I: ICCS Main Track Part II: Track of Advances in High-Performance Computational Earth Sciences: Applications and Frameworks; Track of Agent-Based Simulations, Adaptive Algorithms and Solvers; Track of Applications of Matrix Methods in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning; Track of Architecture, Languages, Compilation and Hardware Support for Emerging ManYcore Systems; Track of Biomedical and Bioinformatics Challenges for Computer Science; Track of Computational Finance and Business Intelligence; Track of Computational Optimization, Modelling and Simulation; Track of Data, Modeling, and Computation in IoT and Smart Systems; Track of Data-Driven Computational Sciences; Track of Mathematical-Methods-and-Algorithms for Extreme Scale; Track of Multiscale Modelling and Simulation Part III: Track of Simulations of Flow and Transport: Modeling, Algorithms and Computation; Track of Solving Problems with Uncertainties; Track of Teaching Computational Science; Poster Papers

The three-volume set LNCS 10860, 10861 + 10862 constitutes the proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computational Science, ICCS 2018, held in Wuxi, China, in June 2018. The total of 155 full and 66 short papers presented in this book set was carefully reviewed and selected from 404 submissions. The papers were organized in topical sections named: Part I: ICCS Main Track Part II: Track of Advances in High-Performance Computational Earth Sciences: Applications and Frameworks; Track of Agent-Based Simulations, Adaptive Algorithms and Solvers; Track of Applications of Matrix Methods in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning; Track of Architecture, Languages, Compilation and Hardware Support for Emerging ManYcore Systems; Track of Biomedical and Bioinformatics Challenges for Computer Science; Track of Computational Finance and Business Intelligence; Track of Computational Optimization, Modelling and Simulation; Track of Data, Modeling, and Computation in IoT and Smart Systems; Track of Data-Driven Computational Sciences; Track of Mathematical-Methods-and-Algorithms for Extreme Scale; Track of Multiscale Modelling and Simulation Part III: Track of Simulations of Flow and Transport: Modeling, Algorithms and Computation; Track of Solving Problems with Uncertainties; Track of Teaching Computational Science; Poster Papers

The three-volume set LNCS 10860, 10861 and 10862 constitutes the proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computational Science, ICCS 2018, held in Wuxi, China, in June 2018. The total of 155 full and 66 short papers presented in this book set was carefully reviewed and selected from 404 submissions. The papers were organized in topical sections named: Part I: ICCS Main Track Part II: Track of Advances in High-Performance Computational Earth Sciences: Applications and Frameworks; Track of Agent-Based Simulations, Adaptive Algorithms and Solvers; Track of Applications of Matrix Methods in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning; Track of Architecture, Languages, Compilation and Hardware Support for Emerging ManYcore Systems; Track of Biomedical and Bioinformatics Challenges for Computer Science; Track of Computational Finance and Business Intelligence; Track of Computational Optimization, Modelling and Simulation; Track of Data, Modeling, and Computation in IoT and Smart Systems; Track of Data-Driven Computational Sciences; Track of Mathematical-Methods-and-Algorithms for Extreme Scale; Track of Multiscale Modelling and Simulation Part III: Track of Simulations of Flow and Transport: Modeling, Algorithms and Computation; Track of Solving Problems with Uncertainties; Track of Teaching Computational Science; Poster Papers

This two-volume-set (LNCS 8384 and 8385) constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference of Parallel Processing and Applied Mathematics, PPAM 2013, held in Warsaw, Poland, in September 2013. The 143 revised full papers presented in both volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers cover important fields of parallel/distributed/cloud computing and applied mathematics, such as numerical algorithms and parallel scientific computing; parallel non-numerical algorithms; tools and environments for parallel/distributed/cloud computing; applications of parallel computing; applied mathematics, evolutionary computing and metaheuristics.

This two-volume-set (LNCS 8384 and 8385) constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference of Parallel Processing and Applied Mathematics, PPAM 2013, held in Warsaw, Poland, in September 2013. The 143 revised full papers presented in both volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers cover important fields of parallel/distributed/cloud computing and applied mathematics, such as numerical algorithms and parallel scientific computing; parallel non-numerical algorithms; tools and environments for parallel/distributed/cloud computing; applications of parallel computing; applied mathematics, evolutionary computing and metaheuristics.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 19th European MPI Users' Group Meeting, EuroMPI 2012, Vienna, Austria, September 23-26, 2012. The 29 revised papers presented together with 4 invited talks and 7 poster papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 47 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on MPI implementation techniques and issues; benchmarking and performance analysis; programming models and new architectures; run-time support; fault-tolerance; message-passing algorithms; message-passing applications; IMUDI, improving MPI user and developer interaction.

This two-volume-set (LNCS 7203 and 7204) constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Parallel Processing and Applied Mathematics, PPAM 2011, held in Torun, Poland, in September 2011. The 130 revised full papers presented in both volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers address issues such as parallel/distributed architectures and mobile computing; numerical algorithms and parallel numerics; parallel non-numerical algorithms; tools and environments for parallel/distributed/grid computing; applications of parallel/distributed computing; applied mathematics, neural networks and evolutionary computing; history of computing.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th European PVM/MPI Users' Group Meeting on Recent Advances in Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface, EuroPVM/MPI 2009, held in Espoo, Finland, September 7-10, 2009.

The 27 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 48 submissions. The volume also includes 6 invited talks, one tutorial, 5 poster abstracts and 4 papers from the special session on current trends in numerical simulation for parallel engineering environments. The main topics of the meeting were Message Passing Interface (MPI)performance issues in very large systems, MPI program verification and MPI on multi-core architectures.

"There is something fascinating about science. One gets such wholesale returns of conjecture out of such a tri?ing investment of fact. " Mark Twain, Life on the Mississippi The challenges in succeeding with computational science are numerous and deeply a?ect all disciplines. NSF's 2006 Blue Ribbon Panel of Simulation-Based 1 Engineering Science (SBES) states 'researchers and educators [agree]: com- tational and simulation engineering sciences are fundamental to the security and welfare of the United States. . . We must overcome di?culties inherent in multiscale modeling, the development of next-generation algorithms, and the design. . . of dynamic data-driven application systems. . . We must determine better ways to integrate data-intensive computing, visualization, and simulation. - portantly,wemustoverhauloureducationalsystemtofostertheinterdisciplinary study. . . The payo?sformeeting these challengesareprofound. 'The International Conference on Computational Science 2009 (ICCS 2009) explored how com- tational sciences are not only advancing the traditional hard science disciplines, but also stretching beyond, with applications in the arts, humanities, media and all aspects of research. This interdisciplinary conference drew academic and industry leaders from a variety of ?elds, including physics, astronomy, mat- matics,music,digitalmedia,biologyandengineering. Theconferencealsohosted computer and computational scientists who are designing and building the - ber infrastructure necessary for next-generation computing. Discussions focused on innovative ways to collaborate and how computational science is changing the future of research. ICCS 2009: 'Compute. Discover. Innovate. ' was hosted by the Center for Computation and Technology at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge.

"There is something fascinating about science. One gets such wholesale returns of conjecture out of such a tri?ing investment of fact. " Mark Twain, Life on the Mississippi The challenges in succeeding with computational science are numerous and deeply a?ect all disciplines. NSF's 2006 Blue Ribbon Panel of Simulation-Based 1 Engineering Science (SBES) states 'researchers and educators [agree]: com- tational and simulation engineering sciences are fundamental to the security and welfare of the United States. . . We must overcome di?culties inherent in multiscale modeling, the development of next-generation algorithms, and the design. . . of dynamic data-driven application systems. . . We must determine better ways to integrate data-intensive computing, visualization, and simulation. - portantly,wemustoverhauloureducationalsystemtofostertheinterdisciplinary study. . . The payo?sformeeting these challengesareprofound. 'The International Conference on Computational Science 2009 (ICCS 2009) explored how com- tational sciences are not only advancing the traditional hard science disciplines, but also stretching beyond, with applications in the arts, humanities, media and all aspects of research. This interdisciplinary conference drew academic and industry leaders from a variety of ?elds, including physics, astronomy, mat- matics,music,digitalmedia,biologyandengineering. Theconferencealsohosted computer and computational scientists who are designing and building the - ber infrastructure necessary for next-generation computing. Discussions focused on innovative ways to collaborate and how computational science is changing the future of research. ICCS 2009: 'Compute. Discover. Innovate. ' was hosted by the Center for Computation and Technology at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th European PVM/MPI Users' Group Meeting held in Paris, France, September 30 - October 3, 2007.

The 40 revised full papers presented together with abstracts of 6 invited contributions, 3 tutorial papers and 6 poster papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 68 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on collective communication, communication protocols, debugging and verification, fault tolerance, metacomputing and grid, parallel I/O, implementation issues, object-oriented message passing, limitations and extensions, performance, and are completed with 6 contributions to the special ParSim session on current trends in numerical simulation for parallel engineering environments.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing and Applications, ISPA 2006, held in Sorrento, Italy in November 2006. The 79 revised full papers presented together with five keynote speeches cover architectures, networks, languages, algorithms, middleware, cooperative computing, software, and applications.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th European PVM/MPI Users' Group Meeting, held in September 2006. The book presents 38 revised full papers together with abstracts of 6 invited contributions, 4 tutorial papers and 6 poster papers. The papers are organized in topical sections on collective communication, communication protocols, debugging and verification, fault tolerance, metacomputing and grid, parallel I/O, implementation issues, object-oriented message passing, limitations and extensions and performance.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Parallel Processing and Applied Mathematics, PPAM 2005. The book presents 135 papers organized in topical sections on parallel and distributed architectures, parallel and distributed non-numerical algorithms, performance analysis, prediction and optimization, grid programming, tools and environments for clusters and grids, applications of parallel/distributed/grid computing, evolutionary computing with applications, parallel data mining, parallel numerics, and mathematical and computing methods.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Applied Parallel Computing, PARA 2004, held in June 2004. The 118 revised full papers presented together with five invited lectures and 15 contributed talks were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the proceedings. The papers are organized in topical sections.

Welcome to the proceedings of ISPA 2005 which was held in the city of Nanjing. Parallel computing has become a mainstream research area in computer science and the ISPA conference has become one of the premier forums for the presentation of new and exciting research on all aspects of parallel computing. We are pleased to present the proceedings for the 3rd International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing and Applications (ISPA 2005), which comprises a collection of excellent technical papers, and keynote speeches. The papers accepted cover a wide range of exciting topics, including architectures, software, networking, and applications. The conference continues to grow and this year a record total of 968 manuscripts (including workshop submissions) were submitted for consideration by the Program Committee or workshops. From the 645 papers submitted to the main conference, the Program Committee selected only 90 long papers and 19 short papers in the program. Eight workshops complemented the outstanding paper sessions.

Welcome to the proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on High P- formance Computing and Communications (HPCC 2005) which was held in Sorrento (Naples), Italy, September 21-23, 2005. Withtherapidgrowthincomputing andcommunicationtechnology, thepast decade has witnessed a proliferationofpowerfulparallelanddistributed systems and an ever-increasing demand for the practice of high performance computing and communication(HPCC). HPCChas movedinto the mainstreamof comp- ing and become a key technology in determining future research and devel- ment activities in many academic and industrial branches, especially when the solution of large and complex problems must cope with very tight timing sch- ules.TheHPCC2005conferenceprovidedaforumfor engineersandscientists in academia, industry, andgovernmenttoaddressallresultingprofoundchallenges, and to presentand discuss their new ideas, researchresults, applications and - perience on all aspects of high performance computing and communications. There was a very large number of paper submissions (263), not only from Europe, but also from Asia and the Paci?c, and North and South America. All submissions were reviewed by at least three Program or Technical Committee members or external reviewers. It was extremely di?cult to select the pres- tations for the conference because there were so many excellent and interesting submissions. In order to allocate as many papers as possible and keep the high quality of the conference, we ?nally decided to accept 76 regular papers and 44 shortpapersfororalpresentations.Webelievethatallofthesepapersandtopics not only provided novel ideas, new results, work in progress and state-of-the-art techniques in this ?eld, but also stimulated the future research activities in the area of high performance computing and communicati

The message passing paradigmis the most frequently used approachto devel- ing high performance computing applications on parallel and distributed c- puting architectures.The ParallelVirtual Machine (PVM) and Message Passing Interface (MPI) are the two main representatives in this domain. This volume comprises 61 selected contributions presented at the 12th European PVM/MPI Users' Group Meeting, which was held in Sorrento, Italy, September 18-21, 2005. The conference was organized by the Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione of the Second University of Naples, Italy in coll- oration with CREATE and the Institute of Graphics and Parallel Processing (GUP) of the Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria. The conference was previously held in Budapest, Hungary (2004), Venice, Italy (2003), Linz, Austria (2002), Santorini, Greece (2001), Balatonfur ] ed, Hungary (2000), Barcelona, Spain (1999), Liverpool, UK (1998), and Krakow, Poland (1997). The ?rst three conferences were devoted to PVM and were held in Munich, Germany (1996), Lyon, France (1995), and Rome, Italy (1994). In its twelfth year, this conference is well established as the forum for users and developers of PVM, MPI, and other message passing environments. Int- actions between these groups have proved to be very useful for developing new ideas in parallel computing, and for applying some of those already existent to new practical ?elds. The main topics of the meeting were evaluation and p- formance of PVM and MPI, extensions, implementations and improvements of PVMandMPI, parallelalgorithmsusing the messagepassingparadigm, parallel applications in science and engineering, and cluster and grid computing."

The Fifth International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2005) held inAtlanta, Georgia, USA, May2225,2005, continuedinthetraditionofprevious conferences in the series: ICCS 2004 in Krakow, Poland; ICCS 2003 held sim- taneously at two locations, in Melbourne, Australia and St. Petersburg, Russia; ICCS 2002 in Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and ICCS 2001 in San Francisco, California, USA. Computational science is rapidly maturing as a mainstream discipline. It is central to an ever-expanding variety of ?elds in which computational methods and tools enable new discoveries with greater accuracy and speed. ICCS 2005 wasorganizedasaforumforscientistsfromthecoredisciplinesofcomputational science and numerous application areas to discuss and exchange ideas, results, and future directions. ICCS participants included researchers from many app- cation domains, including those interested in advanced computational methods for physics, chemistry, life sciences, engineering, economics and ?nance, arts and humanities, as well as computer system vendors and software developers. The primary objectives of this conference were to discuss problems and solutions in allareas, toidentifynewissues, toshapefuturedirectionsofresearch, andtohelp users apply various advanced computational techniques. The event highlighted recent developments in algorithms, computational kernels, next generation c- puting systems, tools, advanced numerical methods, data-driven systems, and emerging application ?elds, such as complex systems, ?nance, bioinformatics, computational aspects of wireless and mobile networks, graphics, and hybrid computation. Keynote lectures were delivered by John Drake - High End Si- lation of the Climate and Development of Earth System Models; Marian Bubak - Recent Developments in Computational Science and the CrossGrid Project; Alok Choudhary - Scienti?c Data Management; and David Keyes - Scienti?c Discovery through Advanced Com

VECPAR is a series of international conferences dedicated to the promotion and advancement of all aspects of high-performance computing for computational science, as an industrial technique and academic discipline, extending the fr- tier of both the state of the art and the state of practice. The audience for and participants in VECPAR are seen as researchers in academic departments, g- ernment laboratories and industrial organizations. There is now a permanent website for the series, http: //vecpar.fe.up.pt, where the history of the conf- ences is described. ThesixtheditionofVECPARwasthe?rsttimetheconferencewascelebrated outside Porto at the Universitad Politecnica de Valencia (Spain), June 28 30, 2004. The whole conference programme consisted of 6 invited talks, 61 papers and26posters, outof130contributionsthatwereinitiallysubmitted.Themajor themes were divided into large-scale numerical and non-numerical simulations, parallel and grid computing, biosciences, numerical algorithms, data mining and visualization. This postconference book includes the best 48 papers and 5 invited talks presented during the three days of the conference. The book is organized into 6 chapters, with a prominent position reserved for the invited talks and the Best Student Paper. As a whole it appeals to a wide research community, from those involved in the engineering applications to those interested in the actual details of the hardware or software implementations, in line with what, in these days, tends to be considered as computational science and engineering (CSE)."

The message passing paradigm is the most frequently used approach to develop high-performancecomputing applications on paralleland distributed computing architectures. Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) and Message Passing Interface (MPI) are the two main representatives in this domain. This volume comprises 50 selected contributions presented at the 11th - ropean PVM/MPI Users' Group Meeting, which was held in Budapest, H- gary, September 19-22, 2004. The conference was organized by the Laboratory of Parallel and Distributed Systems (LPDS) at the Computer and Automation Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA SZTAKI). The conference was previously held in Venice, Italy (2003), Linz, Austria (2002), Santorini, Greece (2001), Balatonfu ]red, Hungary (2000), Barcelona, Spain (1999), Liverpool, UK (1998), and Krakow, Poland (1997).The ?rst three conferences were devoted to PVM and were held in Munich, Germany (1996), Lyon, France (1995), and Rome, Italy (1994). In its eleventh year, this conference is well established as the forum for users and developers of PVM, MPI, and other messagepassing environments.Inter- tionsbetweenthesegroupshaveprovedtobeveryusefulfordevelopingnewideas in parallel computing, and for applying some of those already existent to new practical?elds.Themaintopicsofthe meeting wereevaluationandperformance of PVM and MPI, extensions, implementations and improvements of PVM and MPI, parallel algorithms using the message passing paradigm, and parallel - plications in science and engineering. In addition, the topics of the conference were extended to include cluster and grid computing, in order to re?ect the importance of this area for the high-performance computing community."

It is our pleasure to provide you with the volume containing the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Parallel Processing and Applied Mathe- tics, which was held in Cz, estochowa, a Polish city famous for its Jasna Gora Monastery, on September 7-10, 2003. The ?rst PPAM conference was held in 1994 and was organized by the Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science of the Cz, estochowa University of Technology in its hometown. The main idea behind the event was to provide a forum for researchers involved in applied and computational mathematics and parallel computing to exchange ideas in a relaxed atmosphere. Conference organizers hoped that this arrangement would result in cross-pollination and lead to successful research collaborations. In - dition, they hoped that the initially mostly Polish conference would grow into an international event. The fact that these assumptions were correct was proven by the growth of the event. While the ?rst conference consisted of 41 presen- tions, the conference reached 150 participants in Na l, ecz ow in 2001. In this way the PPAM conference has become one of the premiere Polish conferences, and de?nitely the most important one in the area of parallel/distributed computing andappliedmathematics. This year's meeting gathered almost 200 participants from 32 countries. A strict refereeing process resulted in the acceptance of approximately 150 cont- buted presentations, while the rejection rate was approximately 33%."