This fourth volume in the Current Perspectives on School/University/Community Research series brings together the perspectives of authors who are deeply committed to the integration of digital technology with teaching and learning. Authors were invited to discuss either a completed project, a work-in-progress, or a theoretical approach which aligned with one of the trends highlighted by the New Media Consortium's NMC/CoSN Horizon Report: 2017 K-12 Edition, or to consider how the confluence of interest and action (Thompson, Martinez, Clinton, & Diaz, 2017) among school-university-community collaborative partners in the digital technology in education space resulted in improved outcomes for all-where "all" is broadly conceived and consists of the primary beneficiaries (the students) as well as the providers of the educational opportunities and various subsets of the community in which the integrative endeavors are enacted. The chapters in this volume are grouped into four sections: Section 1 includes two chapters that focus on computational thinking/coding in the arts (music and visual arts); Section 2 includes three chapters that focus on the instructor in the classroom, preservice teacher preparation, and pedagogy; Section 3 includes four chapters that focus on building the academic proficiency of students; and Section 4 includes two chapters that focus on the design and benefits of school-university-community collaboration.

Describing global trends in forced displacement in 2019, Filippo Grandi, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees declared that "we are witnessing a changed reality in that forced displacement nowadays is not only vastly more widespread but is simply no longer a short-term and temporary phenomenon" (https://www.unhcr.org/globaltrends2019/). At the end of 2019, almost 80 million people had been forced to leave the place they called home "as a result of persecution, conflict, violence, human rights violations or events seriously disturbing public order," according to the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (https://www.unhcr.org/globaltrends2019/). This volume presents the concerted efforts of chapter contributors to alleviate the alienation of those who have been displaced and help them to feel at home in the country in which they have sought refuge. Chapter contributors highlight their endeavors specifically with Latino, Hmong, and African immigrants in the United States and Canada, as well as with a veritable united nations of immigrant identities in general. Endeavors oriented to making immigrants feel at home inevitably raise the vexed question of what it means to be a good member of a society-regardless of whether one is a citizen.

The perspective espoused by this volume is that collaboration among universities, schools, and communities is a crucial element in ensuring the provision of optimal learning environment for both im/migrant children and their parents. Chapter authors share their practice and theorizing regarding the many questions that arise when schools and universities collaborate with communities and build supportive structures to nurture literacy among im/migrant students. Enlightened teaching and culturally aware approaches from teachers engender support and cooperation from parents. Enlightened leadership is a constant thread through all the endeavors that are chronicled by contributors, as are the implications for socially just outcomes of successful implementation of inclusive pedagogies. Writing about the Children Crossing Borders study which began in 2003, Tobin (2019) asserted that "the social and political upheavals surrounding migration has (sic) put increasing pressure on the ECEC [early childhood education and care] sector to build bridges between the host and newly arrived communities" (p. 2). Tobin recalled that the original grant proposal for the Children Crossing Borders described young migrant children as "the true transnationals, shuttling back and forth daily between the cultures of their home and the ECEC [programs]" (p. 1)-programs staffed by well-intentioned individuals who nevertheless may "lack awareness of im/migrant parents' preferences for what will happen in their children's ECEC program" (p. 2). To extrapolate from Tobin's summary of the findings of Children Crossing Borders, for both the true transnationals (the children) and their parents, "the first and most profound engagement they have with the culture and language of their new host country" (p. 1) may well be mediated by a teacher who is unaware of the intricacies of the community.

This volume explores the impact of research?practice partnerships in education (broadly conceived) on communities in which such partnerships operate. By invitation, some of the partnerships celebrated in this volume are firmly established, while others are more embryonic; some directly engage community members, while others are nurtured in and by supportive communities. Collectively, however, the eleven chapters constitute a range of compelling instances of knowledge utilization (knowledge mobilization), and offer a counter?narrative to the stereotypical divide between researchers and practitioners. Educational researchers and educational practitioners reside in and are both politically supported and socially sustained by their local communities. The nesting of researchers' and practitioners' collaborative decision?making and action in the financial, social, organizational, and political contexts of the community-together with the intended and unintended outcomes of those decisions and actions-speaks to the essence of community impact in the context of this volume.

Following on from the preceding volume in this series that focused on innovation and implementation in the context of school-university-community collaborations in rural places, this volume explores the positive impact of such collaborations in rural places, focusing specifically on the change agency of such collaborations. The relentless demand of urban places in general for the food and resources (e.g., mineral and energy resources) originating in rural places tends to overshadow the impact of the inevitable changes wrought by increasing efficiency in the supply chain. Youth brought-up in rural places tend to gravitate to urban places for higher education and employment, social interaction and cultural affordances, and only some of them return to enrich their places of origin. On one hand, the outcome of the arguable predominance of more populated areas in the national consciousness has been described as "urbanormativity"-a sense that what happens in urban areas is the norm. By implication, rural areas strive to approach the norm. On the other hand, a mythology of rural places as repositories of traditional values, while flattering, fails to take into account the inherent complexities of the rural context. The chapters in this volume are grouped into four parts-the first three of which explore, in turn, collaborations that target instructional leadership, increase opportunities for underserved people, and target wicked problems. The fourth part consists of four chapters that showcase international perspectives on school-university-community collaborations between countries (Australia and the United States), within China, within Africa, and within Australia. The overwhelming sense of the chapters in this volume is that the most compelling evidence of impact of school-university community collaborations in rural places emanates from collaborations brokered by schools-communities to which universities bring pertinent resources.

This volume focuses on innovative school-university-community collaborations that are being implemented in rural places in the United States. A foundational belief that underpins the contributions to this volume is that rural communities contain within themselves the resources to promote and sustain vibrant educational endeavours. This belief has inspired a wealth of innovations that collectively offer a countervailing perspective to the view that global competitiveness is the preeminent goal of education, and that this goal is best served by "big education." Since early last century, there has been a pervasive implicit, and sometimes explicit, assumption that rural places are bereft of the ability to educate children effectively. As repeatedly witnessed in this volume, in collaboration with universities, schools in rural places and the communities that both sustain and rely on them can appropriately configure the educational environment to optimally nurture the intellectual growth of children. The chapters in this volume are grouped into three parts that explore, in turn, the design features of innovative school-university-community collaborations, some novel approaches to such collaborations, and the contours of parental and community involvement in such collaborations. Chapters discuss both larger scale collaborations that involve many school districts across wide-spread regions, and smaller scale collaborations that involve intensive engagements among the educators and members of smaller communities, and offer theoretical insights into the collaborative process itself. As mentioned above, two narrative threads run through the chapters: that effective collaborations address goals and aspirations expressed by those who are privileged to live in rural America, and that effective collaborations are oriented to building on the strengths inherent in the social fabric of those rural communities.

The Campaign for the Civic Mission of Schools (2011) lamented the "lack of high-quality civic education in America's schools [that] leaves millions of citizens without the wherewithal to make sense of our system of government" (p. 4). Preus et al. (2016) cited literature to support their observation of "a decline in high-quality civic education and a low rate of civic engagement of young people" (p. 67). Shapiro and Brown (2018) asserted that "civic knowledge and public engagement is at an all-time low" (p. 1). Writing as a college senior, Flaherty (2020) urged educators to "bravely interpret . . . national, local, and even school-level incidents as chances for enhanced civic education and to discuss them with students in both formal and casual settings" (p. 6). In this eighth volume in the Current Perspectives on School/University/Community Research series, we feature the work of brave educators who are engaged in school-university-community collaborative educational endeavors. Authors focus on a wide range of projects oriented to civic education writ large-some that have been completed and some that are still in progress-but all authors evince the passion for civic education that underpins engagement in the democratic project.

The call for entrepreneurial leadership in education has never been stronger, but there is little descriptive information about this kind of leadership and even less advice on how a leader might grow in this dimension. Beginning with the constant need for innovation in every learning organization, the author makes a case for an entrepreneurial style of leadership in education. The author paints a multi-faceted picture of entrepreneurial leadership using stories of real leaders in combination with writings from the social sciences, education, natural sciences, business and the arts. The incursion of business practices in education is also addressed head-on. The author defends the historic, democratic tradition of education against 21st century neoliberal trends, while allowing room to learn from best practices in other fields. The role of risk-taking and incentives is examined along with leadership motives. The goal of this book is not just better leaders, but educational organizations that are entrepreneurial in nature. The author offers practical advice to educational leaders, from teachers to principals to superintendents, on practical steps toward a more innovative organization. Specific chapters on the school leader, teacher leaders and school partnerships offer practical wisdom for out-of-the-box thinking.

The call for entrepreneurial leadership in education has never been stronger, but there is little descriptive information about this kind of leadership and even less advice on how a leader might grow in this dimension. Beginning with the constant need for innovation in every learning organization, the author makes a case for an entrepreneurial style of leadership in education. The author paints a multi-faceted picture of entrepreneurial leadership using stories of real leaders in combination with writings from the social sciences, education, natural sciences, business and the arts. The incursion of business practices in education is also addressed head-on. The author defends the historic, democratic tradition of education against 21st century neoliberal trends, while allowing room to learn from best practices in other fields. The role of risk-taking and incentives is examined along with leadership motives. The goal of this book is not just better leaders, but educational organizations that are entrepreneurial in nature. The author offers practical advice to educational leaders, from teachers to principals to superintendents, on practical steps toward a more innovative organization. Specific chapters on the school leader, teacher leaders and school partnerships offer practical wisdom for out-of-the-box thinking.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may include major disruptive events (e.g. earthquakes, hurricanes, or floods), but more pervasive is the impact of the daily stress of coping with one of more of the facets of family challenges (e.g. economic hardship and its attendant issues) or even dysfunction (e.g. parent or guardian divorce or separation, or living with neglectful or abusive parents). The use of the term Pervasive is warranted. For example, as highlighted in the Introduction, a 2019 study of the findings emerging from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health found that, among the more than 45,000 children on whom parents reported data, more than one-fifth experienced economic hardship and parent/guardian divorce. The consequences for educators of children exposed to ACEs are far-reaching and have galvanized the attention of a broad swath of educational researchers and practitioners. As discussed in a 2019 insightful five-part series in Education Week (https://www.edweek.org/ew/collections/trauma-sensitive-schools/index.html), the consequences include the imperativefor teachers and educational leaders to adopt an informed approach to alleviating the educational impact of ACEs on their students while making provision for their own well-being. In this volume, various authors explore the educational context of ACEs and describe and reflect on their research-inspired endeavors to integrate the resources of schools, universities, and communities to sustain a safe and supportive educational environment for and build the resilience of all students.

Describing global trends in forced displacement in 2019, Filippo Grandi, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees declared that "we are witnessing a changed reality in that forced displacement nowadays is not only vastly more widespread but is simply no longer a short-term and temporary phenomenon" (https://www.unhcr.org/globaltrends2019/). At the end of 2019, almost 80 million people had been forced to leave the place they called home "as a result of persecution, conflict, violence, human rights violations or events seriously disturbing public order," according to the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (https://www.unhcr.org/globaltrends2019/). This volume presents the concerted efforts of chapter contributors to alleviate the alienation of those who have been displaced and help them to feel at home in the country in which they have sought refuge. Chapter contributors highlight their endeavors specifically with Latino, Hmong, and African immigrants in the United States and Canada, as well as with a veritable united nations of immigrant identities in general. Endeavors oriented to making immigrants feel at home inevitably raise the vexed question of what it means to be a good member of a society-regardless of whether one is a citizen.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may include major disruptive events (e.g. earthquakes, hurricanes, or floods), but more pervasive is the impact of the daily stress of coping with one of more of the facets of family challenges (e.g. economic hardship and its attendant issues) or even dysfunction (e.g. parent or guardian divorce or separation, or living with neglectful or abusive parents). The use of the term Pervasive is warranted. For example, as highlighted in the Introduction, a 2019 study of the findings emerging from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health found that, among the more than 45,000 children on whom parents reported data, more than one-fifth experienced economic hardship and parent/guardian divorce. The consequences for educators of children exposed to ACEs are far-reaching and have galvanized the attention of a broad swath of educational researchers and practitioners. As discussed in a 2019 insightful five-part series in Education Week (https://www.edweek.org/ew/collections/trauma-sensitive-schools/index.html), the consequences include the imperativefor teachers and educational leaders to adopt an informed approach to alleviating the educational impact of ACEs on their students while making provision for their own well-being. In this volume, various authors explore the educational context of ACEs and describe and reflect on their research-inspired endeavors to integrate the resources of schools, universities, and communities to sustain a safe and supportive educational environment for and build the resilience of all students.

The perspective espoused by this volume is that collaboration among universities, schools, and communities is a crucial element in ensuring the provision of optimal learning environment for both im/migrant children and their parents. Chapter authors share their practice and theorizing regarding the many questions that arise when schools and universities collaborate with communities and build supportive structures to nurture literacy among im/migrant students. Enlightened teaching and culturally aware approaches from teachers engender support and cooperation from parents. Enlightened leadership is a constant thread through all the endeavors that are chronicled by contributors, as are the implications for socially just outcomes of successful implementation of inclusive pedagogies. Writing about the Children Crossing Borders study which began in 2003, Tobin (2019) asserted that "the social and political upheavals surrounding migration has (sic) put increasing pressure on the ECEC [early childhood education and care] sector to build bridges between the host and newly arrived communities" (p. 2). Tobin recalled that the original grant proposal for the Children Crossing Borders described young migrant children as "the true transnationals, shuttling back and forth daily between the cultures of their home and the ECEC [programs]" (p. 1)-programs staffed by well-intentioned individuals who nevertheless may "lack awareness of im/migrant parents' preferences for what will happen in their children's ECEC program" (p. 2). To extrapolate from Tobin's summary of the findings of Children Crossing Borders, for both the true transnationals (the children) and their parents, "the first and most profound engagement they have with the culture and language of their new host country" (p. 1) may well be mediated by a teacher who is unaware of the intricacies of the community.

Following on from the preceding volume in this series that focused on innovation and implementation in the context of school-university-community collaborations in rural places, this volume explores the positive impact of such collaborations in rural places, focusing specifically on the change agency of such collaborations. The relentless demand of urban places in general for the food and resources (e.g., mineral and energy resources) originating in rural places tends to overshadow the impact of the inevitable changes wrought by increasing efficiency in the supply chain. Youth brought-up in rural places tend to gravitate to urban places for higher education and employment, social interaction and cultural affordances, and only some of them return to enrich their places of origin. On one hand, the outcome of the arguable predominance of more populated areas in the national consciousness has been described as "urbanormativity"-a sense that what happens in urban areas is the norm. By implication, rural areas strive to approach the norm. On the other hand, a mythology of rural places as repositories of traditional values, while flattering, fails to take into account the inherent complexities of the rural context. The chapters in this volume are grouped into four parts-the first three of which explore, in turn, collaborations that target instructional leadership, increase opportunities for underserved people, and target wicked problems. The fourth part consists of four chapters that showcase international perspectives on school-university-community collaborations between countries (Australia and the United States), within China, within Africa, and within Australia. The overwhelming sense of the chapters in this volume is that the most compelling evidence of impact of school-university community collaborations in rural places emanates from collaborations brokered by schools-communities to which universities bring pertinent resources.

This volume focuses on innovative school-university-community collaborations that are being implemented in rural places in the United States. A foundational belief that underpins the contributions to this volume is that rural communities contain within themselves the resources to promote and sustain vibrant educational endeavours. This belief has inspired a wealth of innovations that collectively offer a countervailing perspective to the view that global competitiveness is the preeminent goal of education, and that this goal is best served by "big education." Since early last century, there has been a pervasive implicit, and sometimes explicit, assumption that rural places are bereft of the ability to educate children effectively. As repeatedly witnessed in this volume, in collaboration with universities, schools in rural places and the communities that both sustain and rely on them can appropriately configure the educational environment to optimally nurture the intellectual growth of children. The chapters in this volume are grouped into three parts that explore, in turn, the design features of innovative school-university-community collaborations, some novel approaches to such collaborations, and the contours of parental and community involvement in such collaborations. Chapters discuss both larger scale collaborations that involve many school districts across wide-spread regions, and smaller scale collaborations that involve intensive engagements among the educators and members of smaller communities, and offer theoretical insights into the collaborative process itself. As mentioned above, two narrative threads run through the chapters: that effective collaborations address goals and aspirations expressed by those who are privileged to live in rural America, and that effective collaborations are oriented to building on the strengths inherent in the social fabric of those rural communities.

This volume explores the impact of research?practice partnerships in education (broadly conceived) on communities in which such partnerships operate. By invitation, some of the partnerships celebrated in this volume are firmly established, while others are more embryonic; some directly engage community members, while others are nurtured in and by supportive communities. Collectively, however, the eleven chapters constitute a range of compelling instances of knowledge utilization (knowledge mobilization), and offer a counter?narrative to the stereotypical divide between researchers and practitioners. Educational researchers and educational practitioners reside in and are both politically supported and socially sustained by their local communities. The nesting of researchers' and practitioners' collaborative decision?making and action in the financial, social, organizational, and political contexts of the community-together with the intended and unintended outcomes of those decisions and actions-speaks to the essence of community impact in the context of this volume.

Tommy, Rafeal, Edward and Grant---servers at Stoner Pizza---are economically, psychologically, and socially trapped in a life maze they didn't create nor understand. They're second generation high school and college dropouts immersed in an unrelenting algorithm-driven computer-technology in a society cascading in a downward spiral of dumbing down and continued compromise. Pizza Stoners like Tommy, Rafael, Edward and Grant live at home with their parents, never leave their room except for the most minimal of part-time jobs---antisocials lost in a blizzard of computers, TV, Internet technology, entertainment and porn all mixed together. The Pizza Stoner, like his Japanese cousin, the Hikikomori, is the product of decades of economic recession, stagnation and despair--- the wasted generation of Japan--- not educated, unemployed, not trained or trainable in a society going nowhere. The symbol of this class is a Harvard PhD who waits on tables at a fast food restaurant with dim prospects for the foreseeable future. Relevant to American society today, Stoner Pizza is a tragic, reflective, satirical and thoughtful look at lost dreams and opportunities and settling for less in the affluent country of America today.

Similar to Nick Hornby's Hi Fidelity, this is the humorous story of an airline steward in his early 30s who seems to have the ideal life as he travels the world and parties wherever and whenever. Yet, there's just one hitch. He doesn't seem to be able to hold down a relationship..

The Campaign for the Civic Mission of Schools (2011) lamented the "lack of high-quality civic education in America's schools [that] leaves millions of citizens without the wherewithal to make sense of our system of government" (p. 4). Preus et al. (2016) cited literature to support their observation of "a decline in high-quality civic education and a low rate of civic engagement of young people" (p. 67). Shapiro and Brown (2018) asserted that "civic knowledge and public engagement is at an all-time low" (p. 1). Writing as a college senior, Flaherty (2020) urged educators to "bravely interpret . . . national, local, and even school-level incidents as chances for enhanced civic education and to discuss them with students in both formal and casual settings" (p. 6). In this eighth volume in the Current Perspectives on School/University/Community Research series, we feature the work of brave educators who are engaged in school-university-community collaborative educational endeavors. Authors focus on a wide range of projects oriented to civic education writ large-some that have been completed and some that are still in progress-but all authors evince the passion for civic education that underpins engagement in the democratic project.

This fourth volume in the Current Perspectives on School/University/Community Research series brings together the perspectives of authors who are deeply committed to the integration of digital technology with teaching and learning. Authors were invited to discuss either a completed project, a work-in-progress, or a theoretical approach which aligned with one of the trends highlighted by the New Media Consortium's NMC/CoSN Horizon Report: 2017 K-12 Edition, or to consider how the confluence of interest and action (Thompson, Martinez, Clinton, & Diaz, 2017) among school-university-community collaborative partners in the digital technology in education space resulted in improved outcomes for all-where "all" is broadly conceived and consists of the primary beneficiaries (the students) as well as the providers of the educational opportunities and various subsets of the community in which the integrative endeavors are enacted. The chapters in this volume are grouped into four sections: Section 1 includes two chapters that focus on computational thinking/coding in the arts (music and visual arts); Section 2 includes three chapters that focus on the instructor in the classroom, preservice teacher preparation, and pedagogy; Section 3 includes four chapters that focus on building the academic proficiency of students; and Section 4 includes two chapters that focus on the design and benefits of school-university-community collaboration.