Intracellular cell signaling is a well understood process. However, extracellular signals such as hormones, adipokines, cytokines and neurotransmitters are just as important but have been largely ignored in other works. They are causative agents for diseases including hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and arthritis so offer new, and often more approachable, targets for drug design. Aimed at medical professionals and pharmaceutical specialists, this book integrates extracellular and intracellular signalling processes and offers a fresh perspective on new drug targets. Written by colleagues at the same institution, but with contributions from leading international authorities, it is the result of close cooperation between the authors of different chapters. Readers are introduced to a new approach to disease causation by adipokines and toxic lipids. Heart disease, migraines, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, cancer, and arthritis are approached from the perspective of prevention and treatment by alteration of extracellular signalling. Evidence is presented that the avoidance of toxic lifestyles can reduce the incidence of such illnesses and new therapeutic targets involving adipokines, ceramide and endocannabinoids are discussed.

Traditional Chinese medicine has a strong scientific basis, but the science of these important preparations is often rarely discussed. Western approaches often simplify traditional Chinese medicine to drug discovery in Chinese plants, however, the majority of traditional Chinese medications use complex mixtures of plant extracts, rather than single purified drugs. The combination of different extracts is based on yin, yang and chi theories, which are often poorly understood in the West. Yin and yang are known to be the balance of agonists and antagonists, whereas chi derives from signalling processes in the body and regulates bodily functions. Traditional Chinese medical practitioners understand that yin, yang and chi constantly interact in the body to maintain health. Western medical practitioners understand how to use agonists and antagonists and how to modify signalling processes, but generally do not accept the use of complex plant extracts to perform these functions. Aimed at medical scientists, and including detailed explanations of the theories behind the science, this text may help researchers to understand Chinese medical practitioners and to communicate more effectively with them. It will also lead to greater acceptance of traditional medications in the West. Presenting a clear rationale for the use of traditional Chinese medications in Western medical facilities, it enables scientists to find new directions in experimental design and encourage examination of these useful, but often poorly understood, preparations in clinical trials.

. Turkey which had been a NATO ally of the U.S. falls to the Fundamentalist movement. By taking Western people hostage, and closing the Dardanelle Straights, Turkey causes the U.S. the E.U. and Russia to form a short term military alliance to free the hostages and reopen the straights. Because of confused military orders, the American Atlantic naval fleet is stopped by the Russian Fleet in the Atlantic. War between the U.S. and Russia is avoided when American naval forces retreat from the confrontation. Syria and its allies seeing the Americans retreat in the Atlantic, attack Israel. No sooner is Israel attacked by the Syrians than Al-Qaida strikes at the heart of America, using suitcase size nuclear weapons of terror. America responds by using nuclear weapons against the Syrian coalition and its allies with nuclear weaponry. With the Turkish incident war ending; and America severely damaged, the President using his State of Emergency orders incarcerates his political enemies and wins his next election. The Russians seeing what is happening in America, and fearing another war like the ones with Germany, choose to wage a limited nuclear war against America. The Russian war plan fails when America and her allies respond differently than the parameters set by the Russian war planners. Both Russia and America bring one another to their knees, and in the process cause billions of people to die because of the Radflu. The signing of the Armistice Peace Treaty in Europe between the two belligerents transfers to Europe and Asia the leadership of the world. The Hopi Indians seeing all that has happened in the world, including the ecological changes, begin having visions from their 'Spirits' telling them of the 4th worlds demise, and what final events will usher in the 5th world. From one chapter to the next, the reader will follow world leader's actions that bring about the end the 4th world according to Hopi Indian beliefs.