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Derek Parfit, who died in 2017, is widely believed to have been the
most significant moral philosopher in well over a century. The
twenty-one new essays in this book have all been inspired by his
work. They address issues with which he was concerned in his
writing, particularly in his seminal contribution to moral
philosophy, Reasons and Persons (OUP, 1984). Rather than simply
commenting on his work, these essays attempt to make further
progress with issues, both moral and prudential, that Parfit
believed matter to our lives: issues concerned with how we ought to
live, and what we have most reason to do. Topics covered in the
book include the nature of personal identity, the basis of
self-interested concern about the future, the rationality of our
attitudes toward time, what it is for a life to go well or badly,
how to evaluate moral theories, the nature of reasons for action,
the aggregation of value, how benefits and harms should be
distributed among people, and what degree of sacrifice morality
requires us to make for the sake of others. These include some of
the most important questions of normative ethical theory, as well
as fundamental questions about the metaphysics of personhood and
personal identity, and the ways in which the answers to these
questions bear on what it is rational and moral for us to do.
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