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Clean Energy (Hardcover)
R.M. Dell, D.A.J. Rand; Series edited by James H. Clark
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R3,077
Discovery Miles 30 770
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Ships in 12 - 17 working days
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Clean Energy presents a broad survey of the energy problems facing
society over the coming decades and the prospects for their
solution. The book emphasizes the importance of developing a
strategy for the world's future energy supply. The strategy must
take into account: the finite supplies of natural gas and
petroleum; the increased consumption of fuel by developing
economies; the concern over greenhouse gas emissions; the pollution
caused by burning coal (especially coal with a high sulphur
content); the difficulties and costs of extracting unconventional
fossil fuels; and the technical, sociological and cost barriers
that restrict the use of renewable forms of energy. Clean Energy
sets the various renewable energies (wind, waves, solar etc) in the
context of present and projected world production of energy and its
use in the time-frame until 2020 and looks speculatively beyond
that. It looks at the possibilities for reducing pollution from
fossil fuels and tackles the serious problem of how to store
energy, in order to smooth out fluctuations in supply and demand.
Clean Energy is well illustrated with diagrams and photographs. It
is accessible to anyone who has studied science to A-level and will
appeal to anyone with a serious interest in environmental matters,
and the interaction between energy usage and the environment.
Sulfur compounds contaminate many industrially important feedstocks
and, on release to the atmosphere as sulfur oxides, can cause
widespread damage to the ecosystem. The main objectives of The
Sulfur Problem: Cleaning Up Industrial Feedstocks are to
demonstrate the importance of eliminating sulfur contaminants from
the environment and the measures necessary to effect this. Using a
systematic and pedagogical approach, the reader is first presented
with the problem. Current technology for solving it is then
outlined together with appropriate theory on the synthesis,
structure and sorption behaviour of the materials used. Relevant
characterisation techniques are described with reference to typical
sorbents, to demonstrate how the sorption behaviour of the
materials correlates with their properties. The book is unique in
blending together aspects of environmental chemistry,
materials/solid state chemistry, surface chemistry, catalysis and
separation processes to address the problem of sulfur contaminants
in a wide range of feedstocks.
Waste minimisation has a number of aims which include enhancing the
intrinsic selectivity of any given process, providing a means of
recovering reagents in a form which allows easy regeneration and
the replacement of stoichiometric processes with catalytic ones.
Solids, as catalysts or as supports for other reagents, offer
potential for benefit in all these areas. This monograph provides
an overview of the properties of the more useful solid catalysts
and supported reagents, and highlights their most valuable
applications in the preparation of organic chemicals in liquid
phase reactions. Clean Synthesis Using Porous Inorganic Solid
Catalysts and Supported Reagents is concerned with the use of solid
catalysts in the clean synthesis of organic chemicals. The emphasis
is on chemical processes of importance to the
manufacture/preparation of fine and speciality chemicals, chemical
intermediates and pharmaceutical intermediates, especially where
catalysis is not currently used or where current catalysts are
homogeneous, leading to difficult separation procedures and
unacceptable levels of waste. This book focuses on solid catalysts
based on inorganic supports and covers the emerging area of
chemically modified mesoporous solid catalysts.
Simple, but beautifully versatile. Perhaps not a description many
would choose for hydrogen peroxide, but an accurate one none the
less, and this unique book explains the reasons behind the
description. Beginning with an historical overview, and guidelines
for the safe handling of peroxygens, Applications of Hydrogen
Peroxide and Derivatives goes on to cover key activation
mechanisms, organic functional group oxidations and the use of
hydrogen peroxide with heterogeneous catalysts. The clean-up of
environmental pollutants; chemical purification; and extraction of
metals from their ores are also discussed in detail, using actual
examples from industry. The versatility of this reagent may well
prove to be a key to integrated pollution control in the future.
This book should therefore be read by academics and industrialists
at all levels, to encourage wider applications of the use of
hydrogen peroxide in laboratories.
The use of plastic materials has seen a massive increase in
recent years, and generation of plastic wastes has grown
proportionately. Recycling of these wastes to reduce landfill
disposal is problematic due to the wide variation in properties and
chemical composition among the different types of plastics.
Feedstock recycling is one of the alternatives available for
consideration, and Feedstock Recycling of Plastic Wastes looks at
the conversion of plastic wastes into valuable chemicals useful as
fuels or raw materials. Looking at both scientific and technical
aspects of the recycling developments, this book describes the
alternatives available. Areas include chemical depolymerization,
thermal processes, oxidation and hydrogenation. Besides
conventional treatments, new technological approaches for the
degradation of plastics, such as conversion under supercritical
conditions and coprocessing with coal are discussed.
This book is essential reading for those involved in plastic
recycling, whether from an academic or industrial perspective.
Consultants and government agencies will also find it immensely
useful.
Academia and industry join forces in Aromatic Fluorination, as an
expert from each domain contributes to this new text on
fluorination of carbocyclic and heterocyclic rings. The book begins
with a discussion of fluorine's unique combination of properties,
including size, electronic effects, and hydrophobicity, as well as
the historical development of its product applications. It explains
methods for introducing fluorine into an aromatic ring, focusing on
nucleophilic fluorine transfer reactions. The role of catalysts,
solvents, and other variables are examined, and the scope and
limitations of the methods are discussed. Of particular interest to
those working in non-specialist laboratories, Aromatic Fluorination
includes detailed descriptions of the new electrophilic routes to
fluoroaromatics, in addition to traditional routes and alternative
methods involving radical chemistry. Because one of the most
important fluorine-containing substituent is CF3, the book explains
routes to benzotrifluorides (ArCF3), including traditional
industrial methods and modern alternatives employing C-1
halofluorocarbons and other fluoroaliphatics. An alternative to CF3
is CF3S, and several methods of synthesizing aromatic
CF3S-containing molecules are described. Since the successful
development and diverse applications of aromatic fluorine compounds
have led to the search for new compounds and novel substituents,
the incorporation of other substituents is also explored. Aromatic
Fluorination concludes with discussion of the factors responsible
for the successful development of pharmaceutical, agrochemical and
liquid crystal applications and the potential for applications in
high-performance polymers and other areas. This section also
describes in detail important industrial aromatic fluorination
processes and the relative merits of different process technologies
and their costs.
The field of steroid hormone action has continued to expand into
the realm of molecular biology at a pace even faster than most of
us ever imagined. techniques of molecular biology have made it
possible to clone The hormone-regulated genes and to examine
steroid-receptor interactions with these genes. Nucleotide
sequences of these genes, which show preferential binding of
steroid receptors, have been identified. These results are
complemented by the identification of chromatin acceptor proteins,
which also show preferential binding for steroid-receptor
complexes. Thus, one can envision the day when cloned genes,
purified acceptor proteins, and receptor-steroid complexes will be
recombined in vitro to form a functional unit. Cellular
localization of steroid receptors has undergone recent revision,
and it now appears that receptors are localized primarily in the
nuclear compartment. These findings, although controversial, will
lead to a reassessment of many of the previous concepts of
steroid-receptor interactions and regulation. The way in which
these observations at the of physiology, molecular and cellular
levels fit into the overall scheme development, and evolution are
continuing to progress, and the future promises some very exciting
syntheses of understanding at all levels of biological
organization. The third Meadow Brook Conference on hormones was
held in order to bring together investigators who will undoubtedly
contribute heavily to this future synthesis and to permit a free
exchange of ideas and concepts as they relate to the current
state-of-the-art in molecular endocrinology. Spring 1986 ARUN K.
Roy JAMES H. CLARK Contents Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Contributors . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The first Meadowbrook Symposium was held in 1978 and during the
intervening ten years our knowledge concerning how steroid hormones
function at the level of gene expression has advanced by leaps and
bounds. In this volume, which sum marizes our fourth meeting, these
advances are very evident. What seemed like science fiction ten
years ago has become commonplace science. Who would have imagined
that we could synthesize a nucleotide sequence that binds a
specific steroid receptor and acts as a controlling element for
gene expression? No one; but as is evident from the results
reported in several chapters, this technique is yielding a wealth
of information. Using these and other techniques it has become
apparent that gene transcription is controlled by interactions
between transacting factors and DNA recognition sequences (response
elements). These transacting factors appear to be members of a
large gene family that includes steroid hormone receptors,
transcription factors, protooncogenes and homeobox proteins. Thus a
great deal has been learned, but as usual, questions remain. Many
of these questions are posed by the findings and observations found
in several chapters in this volume. Non hormone binding forms of
steroid receptors and their relevance to receptor down regulation,
recycling and biological response remain a mystery. The
quantitative relationship between receptor binding and biological
response still presents agonizing problems. These and many other
intriguing questions are discussed in this volume and set the stage
for what should be a most rewarding time in endocrinology. Winter
1989 ARUN K."
Green chemistry has progressed from being a driver for change in
the chemical and allied industries to being a critical part of
chemical education at all levels. The future chemist must be able
to practice their trade in the light of increasing concerns about
waste and resources, the safety of chemicals in consumer products,
and increasingly restrictive legislation. While there are green
chemistry educational resources available including lectures and
experiments as well as numerous books on green chemistry and major
green chemical technologies, there is no "green equivalent" of a
standard organic chemistry textbook Systematically covering a
variety of well-known reactions that commonly feature in standard
organic textbooks this book supplements and supports the standard
organic chemistry texts. It highlights the main sustainability
issues of classical and contemporary organic transformations and
critically evaluates them within a metric of established Green
Chemistry Principles noting where additional efforts are needed to
improve their environmental footprint. Written by a team of expert
authors with a multinational advisory board, this book is a
fantastic resource for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate
students worldwide.
Globally we are being confronted by the depletion of many natural
resources as a result of unsustainable use and increasing global
population. Although the debate on the bioeconomy has gained
momentum in recent decades, the interest in certifications and
standards for biobased products is still weak. This book aims to
fill this gap by promoting a holistic approach, which covers
environmental, social and economic sustainability aspects and
pushes forward the development of a circular, biobased economy.
This book promotes the development of sustainability schemes
(including standards, labels and certifications) for the assessment
of biobased products, which are fundamental to the establishment of
a cutting-edge sustainable bioeconomy. Chemical-related, globally
relevant case studies are used throughout the book. The content
covers a range of issues from upstream and downstream
environmental, techno-economic and social assessment, to
crosscutting issues such as indirect land use change (iLUC) and
end-of-life options. The chapters included in this book will
provide a comprehensive review of recent works on life cycle
assessment (LCA), life cycle costing (LCC) and social life cycle
assessment (s-LCA) methodologies. An important resource for
researchers, industrial professionals and policy makers involved in
the bioeconomy.
Inadequate access to clean water afflicts people throughout the
world, and in developing countries any solution to this challenge
must be achieved at a low cost and low energy demand. At the same
time, the use of chemicals, and subsequent environmental impact
must also be reduced. Green and sustainable water remediation is a
rapidly growing field of interest to governments and corporations
alike, with considerable input from academics, environmental
consultants and public interest groups. This book presents a
focused set of articles covering a range of topics in the field,
examining not only the adoption of natural products for water
remediation, but also the synthesis of new materials and emerging
clean technologies. Contributors from across the globe (including
some "on the ground" in the developing world) present a
comprehensive digest in the form of review-style articles
highlighting the current thinking and direction in the field.
Interested stakeholders from all sectors will find this book
invaluable, and postgraduate students of chemical engineering or
environmental science will benefit from the real-world applications
presented.
Title: The iron hearted regiment: being an account of the battles,
marches and gallant deeds performed by the 115th Regiment N.Y.
Vols.: also a list of the dead and wounded: an account of hundred
of brave men shot on a score of hard fought fields of strife: a
complete statement of Harper Ferry's surrender: sketches of the
officers: a history of the flags and those who bore them: together
with touching incidents, thrilling adventures, amusing scenes,
etc., etc., etc.Author: James H ClarkPublisher: Gale, Sabin
Americana Description: Based on Joseph Sabin's famed bibliography,
Bibliotheca Americana, Sabin Americana, 1500--1926 contains a
collection of books, pamphlets, serials and other works about the
Americas, from the time of their discovery to the early 1900s.
Sabin Americana is rich in original accounts of discovery and
exploration, pioneering and westward expansion, the U.S. Civil War
and other military actions, Native Americans, slavery and
abolition, religious history and more.Sabin Americana offers an
up-close perspective on life in the western hemisphere,
encompassing the arrival of the Europeans on the shores of North
America in the late 15th century to the first decades of the 20th
century. Covering a span of over 400 years in North, Central and
South America as well as the Caribbean, this collection highlights
the society, politics, religious beliefs, culture, contemporary
opinions and momentous events of the time. It provides access to
documents from an assortment of genres, sermons, political tracts,
newspapers, books, pamphlets, maps, legislation, literature and
more.Now for the first time, these high-quality digital scans of
original works are available via print-on-demand, making them
readily accessible to libraries, students, independent scholars,
and readers of all ages.++++The below data was compiled from
various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this
title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to
insure edition identification: ++++SourceLibrary: Huntington
LibraryDocumentID: SABCP04159200CollectionID:
CTRG02-B1026PublicationDate: 18650101SourceBibCitation: Selected
Americana from Sabin's Dictionary of books relating to
AmericaNotes: Collation: xii, 337 p.; 19 cm
Performed By The 115th Regiment N.B. Vols.
Performed By The 115th Regiment N.B. Vols.
Polymer science faces the challenge of meeting growing market
demand for polymers whilst achieving sustainability through
environmentally friendly processes. Microwave heating has emerged
as a greener technique that accelerates a variety of chemical
reactions, including polymerization. Microwave-assisted reactions
can be cleaner and more rapid and economic analyses suggest that
the cost of curing polymers may be reduced by switching over to the
use of microwaves. This book provides comprehensive coverage of
microwave-assisted polymerization. The first chapter introduces
readers to the theory behind the accelerating effects of microwaves
on chemical reactions and covers the types of commercial microwave
reactors being used for synthesis and processing of polymers that
are available on the market. Subsequent chapters are organised by
type of reaction, including radical homo and co-polymerizations,
step growth polymerization and peptide synthesis. Importantly,
analysis of processes and product properties in comparison with
conventional methods is also detailed. This book will be a valuable
resource for green chemists and polymer scientists and engineers
who want to develop sustainable processes.
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