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Anybody who reads or writes Chinese characters knows that they obey
a grammar of sorts: though numerous, they are built out of a much
smaller set of constituents, often interpretable in meaning or
pronunciation, that are themselves built out of an even smaller set
of strokes. This book goes far beyond these basic facts to show
that Chinese characters truly have a productive and psychologically
real lexical grammar of the same sort seen in spoken and signed
languages, with non-trivial analogs of morphology (the combination
of potentially interpretable constituents), phonology (formal
regularities without implications for interpretation), and
phonetics (articulatory and perceptual constraints). Evidence comes
from a wide variety of sources, from quantitative corpus analyses
to experiments on character reading, writing, and learning. The
grammatical approach helps capture how character constituents
combine as they do, how strokes systematically vary in different
environments, how character form evolved from ancient times to the
modern simplified system, and how readers and writers are able to
process or learn even entirely novel characters. This book not only
provides tools for exploring the full richness of Chinese
orthography, but also offers new ways of thinking about the most
fundamental question in linguistic theory: what is grammar?
Reveals how spirituality and the collective unconscious of all of
humanity originated in Africa • Examines the Oldawan, the
Ancient Soul of Africa, and its correlation with what modern
psychologists have defined as the collective unconscious • Draws
on archaeology, DNA research, history, and depth psychology to
reveal how the biological and spiritual roots of religion and
science came out of Africa • Explores the reflections of our
African unconscious in the present confrontation in the Americas,
in the work of the Founding Fathers, and in modern
psychospirituality The fossil record confirms that humanity
originated in Africa. Yet somehow we have overlooked that Africa is
also at the root of all that makes us human--our spirituality,
civilization, arts, sciences, philosophy, and our conscious and
unconscious minds. In this extensive look at the unfolding of human
history and culture, Edward Bruce Bynum reveals how our collective
unconscious is African. Drawing on archaeology, DNA research, depth
psychology, and the biological and spiritual roots of religion and
science, he demonstrates how all modern human beings, regardless of
ethnic or racial categorizations, share a common deeper identity,
both psychically and genetically--a primordial African unconscious.
Exploring the beginning of early religions and mysticism in Africa,
the author looks at the Egyptian Nubian role in the rise of
civilization, the emergence of Kemetic Egypt, and the Oldawan, the
Ancient Soul, and its correlation with what modern psychologists
have defined as the collective unconscious. Revealing the spiritual
and psychological ramifications of our shared African ancestry, the
author examines its reflections in the present confrontation in the
Americas, in the work of the Founding Fathers, and in modern Black
spirituality, which arose from African diaspora religion and
philosophy. By recognizing our shared African unconscious--the
matrix that forms the deepest luminous core of human identity--we
learn that the differences between one person and another are
merely superficial and ultimately there is no real separation
between the material and the spiritual.
Anybody who reads or writes Chinese characters knows that they obey
a grammar of sorts: though numerous, they are built out of a much
smaller set of constituents, often interpretable in meaning or
pronunciation, that are themselves built out of an even smaller set
of strokes. This book goes far beyond these basic facts to show
that Chinese characters truly have a productive and psychologically
real lexical grammar of the same sort seen in spoken and signed
languages, with non-trivial analogs of morphology (the combination
of potentially interpretable constituents), phonology (formal
regularities without implications for interpretation), and
phonetics (articulatory and perceptual constraints). Evidence comes
from a wide variety of sources, from quantitative corpus analyses
to experiments on character reading, writing, and learning. The
grammatical approach helps capture how character constituents
combine as they do, how strokes systematically vary in different
environments, how character form evolved from ancient times to the
modern simplified system, and how readers and writers are able to
process or learn even entirely novel characters. This book not only
provides tools for exploring the full richness of Chinese
orthography, but also offers new ways of thinking about the most
fundamental question in linguistic theory: what is grammar?
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