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This collection explores different approaches to contextualizing
and conceptualizing the history of Pietism, particularly Pietistic
groups who migrated from central Europe to the British colonies in
North America during the long eighteenth century. Emerging in
German speaking lands during the seventeenth century, Pietism was
closely related to Puritanism, sharing similar evangelical and
heterogeneous characteristics. Dissatisfied with the established
Lutheran and Reformed Churches, Pietists sought to revivify
Christianity through godly living, biblical devotion, millennialism
and the establishment of new forms of religious association. As
Pietism represents a diverse set of impulses rather than a
centrally organized movement, there were inevitably fundamental
differences amongst Pietist groups, and these differences - and
conflicts - were carried with those that emigrated to the New
World. The importance of Pietism in shaping Protestant society and
culture in Europe and North America has long been recognized, but
as a topic of scholarly inquiry, it has until now received little
interdisciplinary attention. Offering essays by leading scholars
from a range of fields, this volume provides an interdisciplinary
overview of the subject. Beginning with discussions about the
definition of Pietism, the collection next looks at the social,
political and cultural dimensions of Pietism in German-speaking
Europe. This is then followed by a section investigating the
attempts by German Pietists to establish new, religiously-based
communities in North America. The collection concludes with
discussions on new directions in Pietist research. Together these
essays help situate Pietism in the broader Atlantic context, making
an important contribution to understanding religious life in Europe
and colonial North America during the eighteenth century.
This collection explores different approaches to contextualizing
and conceptualizing the history of Pietism, particularly Pietistic
groups who migrated from central Europe to the British colonies in
North America during the long eighteenth century. Emerging in
German speaking lands during the seventeenth century, Pietism was
closely related to Puritanism, sharing similar evangelical and
heterogeneous characteristics. Dissatisfied with the established
Lutheran and Reformed Churches, Pietists sought to revivify
Christianity through godly living, biblical devotion, millennialism
and the establishment of new forms of religious association. As
Pietism represents a diverse set of impulses rather than a
centrally organized movement, there were inevitably fundamental
differences amongst Pietist groups, and these differences - and
conflicts - were carried with those that emigrated to the New
World. The importance of Pietism in shaping Protestant society and
culture in Europe and North America has long been recognized, but
as a topic of scholarly inquiry, it has until now received little
interdisciplinary attention. Offering essays by leading scholars
from a range of fields, this volume provides an interdisciplinary
overview of the subject. Beginning with discussions about the
definition of Pietism, the collection next looks at the social,
political and cultural dimensions of Pietism in German-speaking
Europe. This is then followed by a section investigating the
attempts by German Pietists to establish new, religiously-based
communities in North America. The collection concludes with
discussions on new directions in Pietist research. Together these
essays help situate Pietism in the broader Atlantic context, making
an important contribution to understanding religious life in Europe
and colonial North America during the eighteenth century.
Focusing on the territories of the Holy Roman Empire from the early
Reformation to the mid-eighteenth century, this volume of fifteen
interdisciplinary essays examines some of the structures, practices
and media of communication that helped shape the social, cultural,
and political history of the period. Not surprisingly, print was an
important focal point, but it was only one medium through which
individuals and institutions constructed publics and communicated
with an audience. Religious iconography and ritual, sermons, music,
civic architecture, court ceremony, street gossip, acts of
violence, are also forms of communication explored in the volume.
Bringing together scholars from diverse disciplines and scholarly
backgrounds, this volume transcends narrow specializations and will
be of interest to a broad range of academics seeking to understand
the social, political and cultural consequences of the "information
revolution" of Reformation Europe.
Otto Brunner contends that prevailing notions of medieval social
and constitutional history had been shaped by the
nineteenth-century nation state and its "liberal" order. Whereas a
sharp distinction between the public and the private might be
appropriate to descriptions of contemporary society, such a
dichotomy could not be projected back onto the Middle Ages.
Focusing particularly on forms of lordship in late medieval
Austria, Brunner found neither a "state" in the modern sense nor
any distinction between the public and private spheres. Behind the
apparent disorder of late medieval political life, however, Brunner
discovered a coherent legal and constitutional order rooted in the
the rights and obligations of noble lordship. In carefully
reconstructing this order, Brunner's study weaves together social,
legal, constitutional, and intellectual history.
James Melton's accessible study examines the rise of "the public" in eighteenth-century Europe. Focusing on England, France, and the German-speaking territories, this is the first critical reassessment of what the philosopher JÜrgen Habermas called the "bourgeois public sphere" of the eighteenth century. Topics include the growing importance of public opinion in political life, transformations of the literary public realm, eighteenth-century authorship, theater publics, and new practices of sociability as they developed in salons, coffeehouses, taverns and Masonic lodges.
Focusing on the reigns of Frederick the Great of Prussia (1740-86) and Maria Theresa of Austria (1740-80), James Van Horn Melton examines in this book the origins, aims, and achievements of the compulsory school movements in these states. Melton draws on a broad range of sources to show how school reform was part of a broader effort to transform social, economic, and cultural behavior at the popular level.
Paths of Continuity examines the impact of the Third Reich on the
German historical profession before and after 1945. The essays look
at ten prominent historians whose lives and work spanned the period
from the 1930s to the 1960s. Their response to the Nazi regime
ranged from open resistance to willing collaboration. Ironically,
however, much of the impetus for scholarly innovation after 1945
came from historians with earlier ties to the antiliberal "folk
history" of the Nazi era. All in all, this insightful collection of
essays provides fresh insight into the development of West German
historical scholarship since 1945.
James Melton's accessible study examines the rise of "the public" in eighteenth-century Europe. Focusing on England, France, and the German-speaking territories, this is the first critical reassessment of what the philosopher JÜrgen Habermas called the "bourgeois public sphere" of the eighteenth century. Topics include the growing importance of public opinion in political life, transformations of the literary public realm, eighteenth-century authorship, theater publics, and new practices of sociability as they developed in salons, coffeehouses, taverns and Masonic lodges.
Paths of Continuity examines the impact of the Third Reich on the
German historical profession before and after 1945. The essays look
at ten prominent historians whose lives and work spanned the period
from the 1930s to the 1960s. Their response to the Nazi regime
ranged from open resistance to willing collaboration. Ironically,
however, much of the impetus for scholarly innovation after 1945
came from historians with earlier ties to the antiliberal "folk
history" of the Nazi era. All in all, this insightful collection of
essays provides fresh insight into the development of West German
historical scholarship since 1945.
Compulsory schooling is widely held to be a creation of modern
industrial society. Yet already in the eighteenth century, Prussian
and Austrian rulers attempted to introduce universal education in
societies that were overwhelmingly rural and 'premodern'. Focusing
on the reigns of Frederick the Great of Prussia (1740-86) and Maria
Theresa of Austria (1740-80), this 1988 book examines the origins,
aims, and achievements of the compulsory school movements in those
states. It draws on a broad range of sources in showing how school
reform was part of a broader campaign to strengthen relationships
of authority and dependence. Local resistance as well as the
contradictory aims of absolutist rule severely limited the success
of school reform. But in their effort to promote literate culture
on an unprecedented scale, reformers established pedagogical
institutions and practices that would decisively shape public
education not only in Central Europe, but throughout the West.
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