This book constructs a historical narrative to examine the social consequences of testing faced by language-minoritized bilinguals in the United States. These consequences are understood with respect to what language-minoritized bilinguals faced when they have sought (1) access to civic participation (2) entry into the United States, (3) education in K-12 Schools, and (4) higher education opportunities. By centering the test-taker perspective with a use-oriented testing approach, the historical narrative describes the cumulative nature of these consequences for this community of individuals, which demonstrates how the mechanism of testing - often in conjunction with other structural and political forces - has contributed to the historic, systemic marginalization of language-minoritized bilinguals in the United States. By viewing these experiences with respect to consequential validity, the book poses questions to those involved in testing to not only acknowledge these histories, but to actively and explicitly incorporate efforts to dismantle these legacies of discrimination. The conclusions drawn from the historical analysis add an important perspective for educators and researchers concerned with inequities in the testing of language-minoritized bilinguals.

To respond to the multilingual turn in language education, this volume constitutes a challenge to the traditional, monolingual, and native speakerism paradigm in the field of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) through a translanguaging lens. The chapters offer complex global perspectives - with contributions from five continents - to open critical conversations on how to conceptualize and implement translanguaging in teacher education and classrooms of various contexts. The researchers exhibit a shared commitment to transforming TESOL profession that values teachers' and learners' full linguistic repertoires. This volume should prove a valuable resource for students, teachers, and researchers interested in English teaching and learning, applied linguistics, second language acquisition, and social justice.

To respond to the multilingual turn in language education, this volume constitutes a challenge to the traditional, monolingual, and native speakerism paradigm in the field of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) through a translanguaging lens. The chapters offer complex global perspectives - with contributions from five continents - to open critical conversations on how to conceptualize and implement translanguaging in teacher education and classrooms of various contexts. The researchers exhibit a shared commitment to transforming TESOL profession that values teachers' and learners' full linguistic repertoires. This volume should prove a valuable resource for students, teachers, and researchers interested in English teaching and learning, applied linguistics, second language acquisition, and social justice.

This book constructs a historical narrative to examine the social consequences of testing faced by language-minoritized bilinguals in the United States. These consequences are understood with respect to what language-minoritized bilinguals faced when they have sought (1) access to civic participation (2) entry into the United States, (3) education in K-12 Schools, and (4) higher education opportunities. By centering the test-taker perspective with a use-oriented testing approach, the historical narrative describes the cumulative nature of these consequences for this community of individuals, which demonstrates how the mechanism of testing - often in conjunction with other structural and political forces - has contributed to the historic, systemic marginalization of language-minoritized bilinguals in the United States. By viewing these experiences with respect to consequential validity, the book poses questions to those involved in testing to not only acknowledge these histories, but to actively and explicitly incorporate efforts to dismantle these legacies of discrimination. The conclusions drawn from the historical analysis add an important perspective for educators and researchers concerned with inequities in the testing of language-minoritized bilinguals.