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Focuses on the application of membrane technologies in removing
toxic metals\metalloids from water. Particular attention is devoted
to the removal of arsenic, uranium, and fluoride. These compounds
are all existing in the earth's crust at levels between two and
five thousands micrograms per kg (parts per million) on average and
these compounds can be considered highly toxic to humans, who are
exposed to them primarily from air, food and water. In order to
comply with the new maximum contaminant level, numerous studies
have been undertaken to improve established treatments or to
develop novel treatment technologies for removing toxic metals from
contaminated surface and groundwater. Among the technologies
available, applicable for water treatment, membrane technology has
been identified as a promising technology to remove such toxic
metals from water. The book describes both pressure driven
(traditional processes, such as Nanofiltration, Reverse Osmosis,
Ultrafiltration,etc) and more advanced membrane processes (such as
forward osmosis, membrane distillation, and membrane bio-reactors)
employed in the application of interest. Key aspect of this book is
to provide information on both the basics of membrane technologies
and on the results depending on the type of technology employed.
The book focuses on Application of Nanotechnology in Membranes for
Water Treatment but not only provides a series of innovative
solutions for water reclamation through advanced membrane
technology but also serves as a medium to promote international
cooperation and networking for the development of advanced membrane
technology for Universal well-being and to achieve the common goal
of supplying economically, environmentally and societally
sustainable freshwater and better sanitation systems. This book is
unique because the chapters were authored by established
researchers all around the globe based on their recent research
findings. In addition, this book provides a holistic coverage of
membrane development for water treatment, from the membrane
preparation and characterizations to the performance for specific
processes and applications. Since that water scarcity has become a
global risk and one of the most serious challenges for the
scientific community in this century, the publication of this book
is therefore significant as it will serve as a medium for a good
reference of an alternative solution in water reclamation. This
book will provide the readers with a thorough understanding of the
different available approaches for manufacturing membranes both
with innovative polymeric systems and inorganic nano-materials
which could give enhanced functionalities, catalytic and
antimicrobial activities to improve the performance of the existing
membranes. It will be useful for leading decision and policy
makers, water sector representatives and administrators, policy
makers from the governments, business leaders, business houses in
water treatment, and engineers/ scientists from both industrialized
and developing countries as well.
Worldwide, many regions have a great potential to cover part of
their pressing water needs by renewable energy powered water
treatment processes using either thermal or membrane based
technologies. Not only arid and semiarid regions are increasingly
suffering from water shortage but also many other regions face a
limitation of freshwater resources either by increasing
contamination of surface water bodies or groundwater resources
unsuitable for drinking and irrigation purposes either due to their
high grade of mineralization or their contents of toxic components.
In many areas without centralized water supply, treatment
techniques using locally available renewable energy resources such
as wind, solar and geothermal can provide an economical, social and
environmentally sustainable option for clean water production from
seawater and from highly mineralized or otherwise unsuitable
ground- and surface water. This book provides an overview on
possible cost-efficient techniques and application opportunities
for different scales and shows why the implementation of these
technologies faces numerous technological, economic and policy
barriers and provides suggestions how they can be overcome. It
serves as a synoptic compendium of the fundamentals of freshwater
production using renewable energies, applicable to all types of
water, ranging from brackish to marine water and also including
industrial and communal residual water. The book is aimed at
professionals, academics and decision makers worldwide, working in
the areas of water resources, water supply,land planning, energy
planning, greenhouse gases emission mitigation and rural
development.
Worldwide, many regions have a great potential to cover part of
their pressing water needs by renewable energy powered water
treatment processes using either thermal or membrane based
technologies. Not only arid and semiarid regions are increasingly
suffering from water shortage but also many other regions face a
limitation of freshwater resources either by increasing
contamination of surface water bodies or groundwater resources
unsuitable for drinking and irrigation purposes either due to their
high grade of mineralization or their contents of toxic components.
In many areas without centralized water supply, treatment
techniques using locally available renewable energy resources such
as wind, solar and geothermal can provide an economical, social and
environmentally sustainable option for clean water production from
seawater and from highly mineralized or otherwise unsuitable
ground- and surface water. This book provides an overview on
possible cost-efficient techniques and application opportunities
for different scales and shows why the implementation of these
technologies faces numerous technological, economic and policy
barriers and provides suggestions how they can be overcome. It
serves as a synoptic compendium of the fundamentals of freshwater
production using renewable energies, applicable to all types of
water, ranging from brackish to marine water and also including
industrial and communal residual water. The book is aimed at
professionals, academics and decision makers worldwide, working in
the areas of water resources, water supply,land planning, energy
planning, greenhouse gases emission mitigation and rural
development.
Focuses on the application of membrane technologies in removing
toxic metals\metalloids from water. Particular attention is devoted
to the removal of arsenic, uranium, and fluoride. These compounds
are all existing in the earth's crust at levels between two and
five thousands micrograms per kg (parts per million) on average and
these compounds can be considered highly toxic to humans, who are
exposed to them primarily from air, food and water. In order to
comply with the new maximum contaminant level, numerous studies
have been undertaken to improve established treatments or to
develop novel treatment technologies for removing toxic metals from
contaminated surface and groundwater. Among the technologies
available, applicable for water treatment, membrane technology has
been identified as a promising technology to remove such toxic
metals from water. The book describes both pressure driven
(traditional processes, such as Nanofiltration, Reverse Osmosis,
Ultrafiltration,etc) and more advanced membrane processes (such as
forward osmosis, membrane distillation, and membrane bio-reactors)
employed in the application of interest. Key aspect of this book is
to provide information on both the basics of membrane technologies
and on the results depending on the type of technology employed.
The book focuses on Application of Nanotechnology in Membranes for
Water Treatment but not only provides a series of innovative
solutions for water reclamation through advanced membrane
technology but also serves as a medium to promote international
cooperation and networking for the development of advanced membrane
technology for Universal well-being and to achieve the common goal
of supplying economically, environmentally and societally
sustainable freshwater and better sanitation systems. This book is
unique because the chapters were authored by established
researchers all around the globe based on their recent research
findings. In addition, this book provides a holistic coverage of
membrane development for water treatment, from the membrane
preparation and characterizations to the performance for specific
processes and applications. Since that water scarcity has become a
global risk and one of the most serious challenges for the
scientific community in this century, the publication of this book
is therefore significant as it will serve as a medium for a good
reference of an alternative solution in water reclamation. This
book will provide the readers with a thorough understanding of the
different available approaches for manufacturing membranes both
with innovative polymeric systems and inorganic nano-materials
which could give enhanced functionalities, catalytic and
antimicrobial activities to improve the performance of the existing
membranes. It will be useful for leading decision and policy
makers, water sector representatives and administrators, policy
makers from the governments, business leaders, business houses in
water treatment, and engineers/ scientists from both industrialized
and developing countries as well.
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