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Conservative evangelicalism has transformed American politics,
disseminating a sometimes fearful message not just through
conventional channels, but through subcultures and alternate modes
of communication. Within this world is a "Religion of Fear," a
critical impulse that dramatizes cultural and political conflicts
and issues in frightening ways that serve to contrast "orthodox"
behaviors and beliefs with those linked to darkness, fear, and
demonology. Jason Bivins offers close examinations of several
popular evangelical cultural creations including the Left Behind
novels, church-sponsored Halloween "Hell Houses," sensational comic
books, especially those disseminated by Jack Chick, and anti-rock
and -rap rhetoric and censorship. Bivins depicts these fascinating
and often troubling phenomena in vivid (sometimes lurid) detail and
shows how they seek to shape evangelical cultural identity.
As the "Religion of Fear" has developed since the 1960s, Bivins
sees its message moving from a place of relative marginality to one
of prominence. What does it say about American public life that
such ideas of fearful religion and violent politics have become
normalized? Addressing this question, Bivins establishes links and
resonances between the cultural politics of evangelical pop, the
activism of the New Christian Right, and the political exhaustion
facing American democracy.
Religion of Fear is a significant contribution to our
understanding of the new shapes of political religion in the United
States, of American evangelicalism, of the relation of religion and
the media, and the link between religious pop culture and politics.
Histories of political religion since the 1960s often center on the
rise of the powerful conservative evangelical voting bloc since the
1970s. One of the beliefs that has united these citizens is the
idea that they are treated unfairly or are marginalized, despite
their significant influence on public life. From the ascent of
Reagan to the "Contract with America," from 9/11 to Obama to
Trump-these claims have moved steadily to the center of
conservative activism. Scholars of religion have approached these
phenomena with great caution, generally focusing on institutional
history, or relying on journalistic conveniences like "populism,"
or embracing the self-understandings of evangelicals themselves.
None of these approaches is sufficiently calibrated to decoding the
fierce convergence of online conspiracy theory, public violence,
white supremacy, and religious authoritarianism. Accepting the
narrative of Embattlement on its own terms, or examining it as mere
turbulence on the path of American pluralism, overlooks how such
deeper structural or atmospheric conditions work through this
discourse to undermine the actual practice of democratic politics.
Exploring the impact of these claims through case studies ranging
from the Tea Party to Birthers to anti-sharia laws, Embattled
America digs deeper into the debates between Martyrs (those who
profess persecution) and Whistleblowers (those who sanctimoniously
refute such claims). Hidden beneath each of these episodes is a
series of ambivalences about democracy that require attention.
Jason Bivins argues that the claims of Martyrs and Whistleblowers
are symptoms of America's larger failings to strengthen the
conditions for democratic life, and thus that rather than engaging
their claims on the merits, concerned citizens should reassess
fundamental democratic norms as part of a broader challenge to
embolden American citizenship and institutions.
Whether picketing outside abortion clinics, speaking out at school
board meetings, or attending anti-death penalty vigils, many
Americans have publicly opposed local, state, or federal government
policies on the basis of their religious convictions. In The
Fracture of Good Order , Jason Bivins examines the growing
phenomenon of Christian protest against civil authority and
political order in the United States. He argues that since the
1960s, there has been a proliferation of religious activism against
what protesters perceive as government's excessive power and lack
of moral principle. Calling this phenomenon ""Christian
antiliberalism,"" Bivins finds at its center a belief that American
politics is based on a liberal tradition that gives government too
much social and economic influence and threatens the practice of a
religious life. Focusing on the Catholic pacifism of Daniel and
Philip Berrigan and the Jonah House resistance community, the
Christian Right's homeschooling movement, and the evangelical
Sojourners community, Bivins combines religious studies with
political theory to explore the common ground shared by these
disparate groups. Despite their vast ideological and institutional
differences, Bivins argues, these activists justify their actions
in overtly religious terms based on a rejection of basic tenets of
the American political system. Analyzing the widespread
dissatisfaction with the conventional forms of political identity
and affiliation that characterize American civic life today, Bivins
sheds light on the complex relations between religion and
democratic society. |Bivins examines Christian activist groups not
usually considered together, from the Berrigan brothers to the New
Christian Right movement, to show that despite their differing
agendas, all are opposed to the government's excessive power and
lack of moral influence. Christian antiliberalism, as Bivins calls
it, brings religious language and symbolic actions to bear on a
political system whose authority is perceived as morally bankrupt.
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