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depth overview of the retrovirus family. I have greatly enjoyed and
learned from this experience. Each chapter is an excellent
introduction to the topic covered and provides a good foundation
for further work in the field. Jay A. Levy University of California
School of Medicine San Francisco, California REFERENCES Brown, E.
W., Yuhki, N., Packer, C., and O'Brien, S. J., 1994, A lion
lentivirus related to feline immunodeficiency virus: Epidemiologic
and phylogenetic aspects, ,. Viral. 68:5953-5968. Merza, M.,
Larsson, E., Steen, M., and Morein, B., 1994, Association of a
retrovirus with a wasting condition in the Swedish moose, Virology
202:956-961. Contents Chapter 1 The Human Immunodeficiency Viruses
Edward Barker, Susan W Barnett, Leonidas Stamatatos, and Jay A.
Levy I. Introduction
.................................................... 1 TI.
Description of Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 A. Virus Structure
.............................................. 2 B. Genetic
Organization and Gene Function ...................... 2 TIL
Transmission.................................................... 7
A. General Observations ........................................ 7
B. HIV Transmission by Blood and Blood Products ................ 8
C. HIV Transmission by Genital Fluids ...........................
10 D. HIV Transmission by Other Body Fluids .......................
12 E. Mother-to-Child Transmission ................................
12 IV. HIV Infection of the Cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Introduction
................................................. 13 B. HIV-Cell
Interaction............ ............... .............. 15 C.
CD4-Induced gp120 Conformational Changes .................. 16 D.
Soluble CD4-Induced gp120-gp41 Dissociation..... ............ 16 E.
gp120 Proteolytic Cleavage ................................... 17
F. pH-Independent Membrane Fusion ............................ 19
G. Transmission of HIV by Cell-to-Cell Fusion....................
19 H. Additional Cell Surface Receptors for HIV
..................... 20 I. The Envelope Region and Cell Tropism
........ . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 . . . .
This volume contains selected contributions from individuals who
attended the Sec ond International Conference of the International
Council for Global Health Progress (ICGHP) held at UNESCO in Paris,
France, on January 15-17, 1996. This conference brought together
experts in many disciplines that deal with the devastating diseases
of cancer and AIDS with a focus on the concerns for quality of
life. The ICGHP fosters mul ticultural and, multidisciplinary
approaches to global health problems to help influence governments
and other international health organizations to emphasize
prevention and care of diseases and to understand their scientific,
social, and cultural features. The Coun cil encourages the
interchange of information on health problems and policy and
supports educational funding for the public at large. Its objective
is to effect diseases-free lives in the world community.
Participants of the conference included scientists, sociologists,
government leaders, physicians, health care providers,
epidemiologists, religious leaders, company officials, ethicists,
and philosophers. They examined and discussed the many variables
involved in quality of life for people affected with cancer and
with AIDS. The volume's text begins with introductory comments by
officials attending the JCGHP conference. Subsequently, a chapter
is dedicated to one aspect of quality of life, be it definition,
scientific research, evolution, cultural changes, ethics,
measurements, or other issues dealing with health care and
treatment survival. The second part of the volume includes
commentaries dealing with fi ve aspects of quality of life which
merit consideration."
This volume contains selected contributions from individuals who
attended the Sec ond International Conference of the International
Council for Global Health Progress (ICGHP) held at UNESCO in Paris,
France, on January 15-17, 1996. This conference brought together
experts in many disciplines that deal with the devastating diseases
of cancer and AIDS with a focus on the concerns for quality of
life. The ICGHP fosters mul ticultural and, multidisciplinary
approaches to global health problems to help influence governments
and other international health organizations to emphasize
prevention and care of diseases and to understand their scientific,
social, and cultural features. The Coun cil encourages the
interchange of information on health problems and policy and
supports educational funding for the public at large. Its objective
is to effect diseases-free lives in the world community.
Participants of the conference included scientists, sociologists,
government leaders, physicians, health care providers,
epidemiologists, religious leaders, company officials, ethicists,
and philosophers. They examined and discussed the many variables
involved in quality of life for people affected with cancer and
with AIDS. The volume's text begins with introductory comments by
officials attending the JCGHP conference. Subsequently, a chapter
is dedicated to one aspect of quality of life, be it definition,
scientific research, evolution, cultural changes, ethics,
measurements, or other issues dealing with health care and
treatment survival. The second part of the volume includes
commentaries dealing with fi ve aspects of quality of life which
merit consideration."
depth overview of the retrovirus family. I have greatly enjoyed and
learned from this experience. Each chapter is an excellent
introduction to the topic covered and provides a good foundation
for further work in the field. Jay A. Levy University of California
School of Medicine San Francisco, California REFERENCES Brown, E.
W., Yuhki, N., Packer, C., and O'Brien, S. J., 1994, A lion
lentivirus related to feline immunodeficiency virus: Epidemiologic
and phylogenetic aspects, ,. Viral. 68:5953-5968. Merza, M.,
Larsson, E., Steen, M., and Morein, B., 1994, Association of a
retrovirus with a wasting condition in the Swedish moose, Virology
202:956-961. Contents Chapter 1 The Human Immunodeficiency Viruses
Edward Barker, Susan W Barnett, Leonidas Stamatatos, and Jay A.
Levy I. Introduction
.................................................... 1 TI.
Description of Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 A. Virus Structure
.............................................. 2 B. Genetic
Organization and Gene Function ...................... 2 TIL
Transmission.................................................... 7
A. General Observations ........................................ 7
B. HIV Transmission by Blood and Blood Products ................ 8
C. HIV Transmission by Genital Fluids ...........................
10 D. HIV Transmission by Other Body Fluids .......................
12 E. Mother-to-Child Transmission ................................
12 IV. HIV Infection of the Cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Introduction
................................................. 13 B. HIV-Cell
Interaction............ ............... .............. 15 C.
CD4-Induced gp120 Conformational Changes .................. 16 D.
Soluble CD4-Induced gp120-gp41 Dissociation..... ............ 16 E.
gp120 Proteolytic Cleavage ................................... 17
F. pH-Independent Membrane Fusion ............................ 19
G. Transmission of HIV by Cell-to-Cell Fusion....................
19 H. Additional Cell Surface Receptors for HIV
..................... 20 I. The Envelope Region and Cell Tropism
........ . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 . . . .
The books in this acclaimed series are the most detailed,
up-to-date accounts of the field available. Volume 3 explores the
oncogenic potential shared by retroviruses of different species,
the widespread presence of retrovirues in nature, and the role of
retroviruses in normal development and pathogenesis.
In this second volume in the series The Retroviridae, the readers
are treated to up-to-date reviews on these viruses, which are found
in a variety of animal species. The volume begins with important
observations on the general fea tures of retrovirus entry into
cells as determined by the viral envelope glyco proteins and the
cell surface receptors (Chapter 1). Aspects of this virus-cell
interaction form the basis for the variety of biologic effects
associated with this virus family. A timely review of the oncogenic
feline viruses is included next (Chapter 2). These viruses, along
with the avian and murine retroviruses (Volume 1, Chapters 6 and
7), have provided valuable insight into cancer induction in other
animal species, including humans. Two other major groups of
retroviruses, the lentiviruses and the spuma viruses, are
introduced in the present volume. Initially these groups, along
with oncoviruses, were the three subfamilies in the Retroviridae.
This com plex virus family has now been reclassified into seven
separate genera (Vol ume 1, Chapter 2). Equine infectious anemia
virus is the prototype for a lentivirus (Chapter 5). One of the
first viruses discovered in nature (1904), it was only relatively
recently recognized as a retrovirus. Lentiviruses are asso ciated
primarily with immunologic disorders such as autoimmunity and AIDS
(Chapters 3-5), but their association with neurologic disease is
also well established (Chapters 4 and 5, and future volumes)."
Origin and General Nature of Retroviruses; H.M. Temin. Structure
and Classification of Retroviruses; J.M. Coffin. Evolutionary
Potential of Complex Retroviruses; G.M. Myers, G.N. Pavlakis.
Retroelements in Microorganisms; D.J. Garfinkel. Biology of Avian
Retroviruses; L.N. Payne. Retroviruses in Rodents; C.A. Kozak, S.
Ruscetti. 1 additional article. Index.
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