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This set of essays introduces readers to new historical research on
the creation of the new order in East-Central Europe in the period
immediately following 1918. The book offers insights into the
political, diplomatic, military, economic and cultural conditions
out of which the New Europe was born. Experts from various
countries take into account three perspectives. They give equal
attention to both the Western and Eastern fronts; they recognise
that on 11 November 1918, the War ended only on the Western front
and violence continued in multiple forms over the next five years;
and they show how state-building after 1918 in Central and Eastern
Europe was marked by a mixture of innovation and instability. Thus,
the volume focuses on three kinds of narratives: those related to
conflicts and violence, those related to the recasting of civil
life in new structures and institutions, and those related to
remembrance and representations of these years in the public
sphere. Taking a step towards writing a fully European history of
the Great War and its aftermath, the volume offers an original
approach to this decisive period in 20th-century European history.
This set of essays introduces readers to new historical research on
the creation of the new order in East-Central Europe in the period
immediately following 1918. The book offers insights into the
political, diplomatic, military, economic and cultural conditions
out of which the New Europe was born. Experts from various
countries take into account three perspectives. They give equal
attention to both the Western and Eastern fronts; they recognise
that on 11 November 1918, the War ended only on the Western front
and violence continued in multiple forms over the next five years;
and they show how state-building after 1918 in Central and Eastern
Europe was marked by a mixture of innovation and instability. Thus,
the volume focuses on three kinds of narratives: those related to
conflicts and violence, those related to the recasting of civil
life in new structures and institutions, and those related to
remembrance and representations of these years in the public
sphere. Taking a step towards writing a fully European history of
the Great War and its aftermath, the volume offers an original
approach to this decisive period in 20th-century European history.
Beyond Memory: Silence and the Aesthetics of Remembrance analyses
the intricate connections between silence, acts of remembrance and
acts of forgetting, and relates the topic of silence to the
international research field of Cultural Memory Studies. It engages
with the most recent work in the field by viewing silence as a
remedy to the traditionally binary approach to our understanding of
remembering and forgetting. The international team of contributors
examine case studies from colonialism, war, politics and slavery
from across the globe, as well as drawing examples from literature,
philosophy and sites of memory to draw three main conclusions.
Firstly, that the relationship between remembering and forgetting
is relational rather than 'hermetic', and the space between the two
is often occupied by silence. Secondly, silence is a force in
itself, capable of stimulating more or less remembrance. Finally,
that silence is a necessary and key element in the interaction
between the human mind and the 'outer world', and enables people to
challenge their understanding of art, music, literature, history
and memory. With an introduction by the editors discussing Memory
Studies, and concluding remarks by Astrid Erll, this collection
demonstrates that acceptance and consideration of silence as having
both a performative and aesthetic dimension is an essential
component of history and memory studies.
Very few institutions have contributed to the cultural life of the
nation in the way that Rugby School has done. Pioneering religious
leaders, educators, authors and philosophers, whose influence has
been felt in spheres ranging from the Olympic games to education,
were themselves profoundly influenced by their time at Rugby.This
book is designed to provide a rigorous yet practical engagement
with key questions surrounding faith, philosophy, science, culture
and social progress by celebrating the life and thought of these
Rugbeian cultural leaders and social pioneers, with an exploration
of their continued relevance to contemporary discussions.With
contributions from some of the most distinguished historians,
philosophers, social and religious commentators writing today -
John Witheridge, John Clarke, Anthony Kenny, David Urquhart, Robin
Le Poidevin, A N Wilson, Andrew Vincent, A C Grayling, Jay Winter,
Ian Hesketh and David Boucher - this is a book which set outs to
explore and enrich discussion of the most important and enduring
questions of the modern age.
Beyond Memory: Silence and the Aesthetics of Remembrance analyses
the intricate connections between silence, acts of remembrance and
acts of forgetting, and relates the topic of silence to the
international research field of Cultural Memory Studies. It engages
with the most recent work in the field by viewing silence as a
remedy to the traditionally binary approach to our understanding of
remembering and forgetting. The international team of contributors
examine case studies from colonialism, war, politics and slavery
from across the globe, as well as drawing examples from literature,
philosophy and sites of memory to draw three main conclusions.
Firstly, that the relationship between remembering and forgetting
is relational rather than 'hermetic', and the space between the two
is often occupied by silence. Secondly, silence is a force in
itself, capable of stimulating more or less remembrance. Finally,
that silence is a necessary and key element in the interaction
between the human mind and the 'outer world', and enables people to
challenge their understanding of art, music, literature, history
and memory. With an introduction by the editors discussing Memory
Studies, and concluding remarks by Astrid Erll, this collection
demonstrates that acceptance and consideration of silence as having
both a performative and aesthetic dimension is an essential
component of history and memory studies.
Following the development of massive airships, naive Londoner Bert
Smallways becomes accidentally involved in a German plot to invade
America by air and reduce New York to rubble. But although bombers
devastate the city, they cannot overwhelm the country, and their
attack leads not to victory but to the beginning of a new and
horrific age for humanity. And so dawns the era of Total War, in
which brutal aerial bombardments reduce the great cultures of the
twentieth century to nothing. As civilization collapses around the
Englishman, now stranded in a ruined America, he clings to only one
hope - that he might return to London, and marry the woman he
loves.
Special EURO10,- discount for our ABG readers: now EURO24,50
instead of EURO34,50 Performing the Past is an investigation of the
multiple social and culture practices through which Europeans have
negotiated the space between their history and their memory over
the past 200 years. In museums, in opera houses, in the streets, in
the schools, in theatres, in films, on the internet and beyond,
narratives about the past circulate today at a dizzying speed.
Producing and selling them is big business; if the past is indeed a
foreign country, there are tens of thousands of tourist agents,
guides, and pundits around to help us on our way, for a fee, to be
sure.This collection of essays by renowned scholars from, among
others, Yale, Columbia, Amsterdam Oxford, Cambridge, New York
University and the European University Institute in Florence, is
essential reading for anyone interested in today's memory boom.
Drawing on different national and disciplinary traditions, the
authors ultimately engage us with the ways in which Europeans
continue a venerable tradition of finding out who they are, and
where they are going, by performing the past.
Originally appearing at the same time as the pacifist novel All
Quiet on the Western Front, this powerful collection provides a
glimpse into the hearts and minds of an enemy that had been
thoroughly demonized by the Allied press. Composed by German
students who had left their university studies in order to
participate in World War I, these letters reveal the struggles and
hardships that all soldiers face. The stark brutality and
surrealism of war are revealed as young men from Germany describe
their bitter combat and occasional camaraderie with soldiers from
many nations, including France, Great Britain, and Russia. Like its
companion volume, War Letters of Fallen Englishmen, these letters
were carefully selected for their depth of perception, the
intensity of their descriptions, and their messages to future
generations. "Should these letters help towards the establishment
of justice and better understanding between nations," the editor
reflects in his introduction, "their deaths will not have been in
vain." This edition contains a new foreword by the distinguished
World War I historian Jay Winter.
This collection of essays looks at cultural transfers and
comparisons between English and French intellectuals. The
contributions, which have been written by scholars from a variety
of disciplines, address a broad range of issues, including the
international circulation of economic, political and literary
ideas, the translation and reception of authors in various
contexts, and the contest for 'Englishness' or 'Frenchness' both at
home and abroad. The Anglo-French relationship is used here as an
entry into the conflicting demands that intellectual life should be
trans-national and cosmopolitan, and that intellectuals should be
the representatives of the national mind. The conversations,
disputes and silences between English and French intellectuals were
once believed to be at the centre of the international republic of
letters. By the end of the nineteenth century, however, the rise of
new cultural powers re-shaped Anglo-French intellectual attitudes.
Anglo-French attitudes will be read by scholars working in the
areas of cultural history, intellectual history, gender studies,
the social history of intellectuals, history of science, and
literature. -- .
More than eight million young men perished during the First
World War--a staggering figure. The natural reaction to such a
great loss of humanity was to forget the individuals and recast the
conflict into one of faceless armies and battles commemorated in
stone and metal monuments. "War Letters of Fallen Englishmen" was
published following the war in order to remind the living of those
who were lost in the name of the British crown--brothers, husbands,
fathers, sons.This collection provides, in the very words of those
who participated and died in combat, the closest approximation
possible to the experience of war. Carefully selected from
thousands of letters, those in this collection are poignant,
powerful, and graphic and were chosen for their depth of
perception, the intensity of their descriptions, and their messages
to future generations. This edition contains a new foreword by the
distinguished World War I historian Jay Winter.
Volume 3 of The Cambridge History of the First World War explores
the social and cultural history of the war and considers the role
of civil society throughout the conflict; that is to say those
institutions and practices outside the state through which the war
effort was waged. Drawing on twenty-five years of historical
scholarship, it sheds new light on culturally significant issues
such as how families and medical authorities adapted to the
challenges of war and the shift that occurred in gender roles and
behaviour that would subsequently reshape society. Adopting a
transnational approach, this volume surveys the war's treatment of
populations at risk, including refugees, minorities and internees,
to show the full extent of the disaster of war and, with it, the
stubborn survival of irrational kindness and the generosity of
spirit that persisted amidst the bitterness at the heart of
warfare, with all its contradictions and enduring legacies. This
volume concludes with a reckoning of the costs and consequences of
The Great War.
On 24 July 1923 the last Treaty ending hostilities in the Great War
was signed at Lausanne in Switzerland. That Treaty closed a decade
of violence. Jay Winter tells the story of what happened on that
day. On the shores of Lake Geneva, diplomats, statesmen, and
soldiers came from Ankara and Athens, from London, Paris, and Rome,
and from other capital cities to affirm that war was over. The
Treaty they signed fixed the boundaries of present-day Greece and
Turkey, and marked a beginning of a new phase in their history.
That was its major achievement, but it came at a high price. The
Treaty contained within it a Compulsory Population Exchange
agreement. By that measure, Greek-Orthodox citizens of Turkey, with
the exception of those living in Constantinople, lost the right of
citizenship and residence in that state. So did Muslim citizens of
Greece, except for residents of Western Thrace. This exchange of
nearly two million people, introduced to the peace conference by
Nobel Prize winner and humanitarian Fridtjof Nansen, provided a
solution to the immense refugee problem arising out of the
Greek-Turkish war. At the same time, it introduced into
international law a definition of citizenship defined not by
language or history or ethnicity, but solely by religion. This set
a precedent for ethnic cleansing followed time and again later in
the century and beyond. The second price of peace was the burial of
commitments to the Armenian people that they would have a homeland
in the lands from which they had been expelled, tortured and
murdered in the genocide of 1915. This book tells the story of the
peace conference, and its outcome. It shows how peace came before
justice, and how it set in motion forces leading to the global war
that followed in 1939.
This first volume of The Cambridge History of the First World War
provides a comprehensive account of the war's military history. An
international team of leading historians charts how a war made
possible by globalization and imperial expansion unfolded into
catastrophe, growing year by year in scale and destructive power
far beyond that which anyone had anticipated in 1914. Adopting a
global perspective, the volume analyses the spatial impact of the
war and the subsequent ripple effects that occurred both regionally
and across the world. It explores how imperial powers devoted vast
reserves of manpower and material to their war efforts and how, by
doing so, they changed the political landscape of the world order.
It also charts the moral, political and legal implications of the
changing character of war and, in particular, the collapse of the
distinction between civilian and military targets.
Antoine Prost's contributions to French history have enabled us to
understand the failure of fascism in France and why the Republic
survived the humiliation of occupation and collaboration in the
Second World War. He is the pre-eminent historian of civil society
in France. For the first time his seminal articles have been
translated into English and collected in this single volume.
Beginning with his classic account of war memorials, through his
pioneering study of the people of a popular quarter of Paris in
1936, and of the troubled history of commemorating the Algerian
war, this book expertly takes us through republican representations
of war and peace, urban spaces and social identity, and discourse
and social conflict in republican France. Amongst this range of
topics, Prost considers the notion of social class and deference,
the multiple uses of myth, the secularization of religious imagery,
the centrality of primary schools in French political culture, and
insults as staples of French political rhetoric. Included here are
his famous essays 'Verdun' and 'War Memorials of the Great War',
which have been hailed as indispensable additions to the study of
European cultural history. Also notable is his fascinating
investigation of rites de passage in Orleans, which artfully
reveals how complex and semiologically rich rites de passage can
be.
This book is essential reading for anyone wishing to gain a firm
understanding of the history of nineteenth and twentieth century
France and of the work of one of the most influential cultural
historians of our day.
Antoine Prost's contributions to French history have enabled us to
understand the failure of fascism in France and why the Republic
survived the humiliation of occupation and collaboration in the
Second World War. He is the pre-eminent historian of civil society
in France. For the first time his seminal articles have been
translated into English and collected in this single volume.
Beginning with his classic account of war memorials, through his
pioneering study of the people of a popular quarter of Paris in
1936, and of the troubled history of commemorating the Algerian
war, this book expertly takes us through republican representations
of war and peace, urban spaces and social identity, and discourse
and social conflict in republican France. Amongst this range of
topics, Prost considers the notion of social class and deference,
the multiple uses of myth, the secularization of religious imagery,
the centrality of primary schools in French political culture, and
insults as staples of French political rhetoric. Included here are
his famous essays 'Verdun' and 'War Memorials of the Great War',
which have been hailed as indispensable additions to the study of
European cultural history. Also notable is his fascinating
investigation of rites de passage in Orléans, which artfully
reveals how complex and semiologically rich rites de passage can
be.
This book is essential reading for anyone wishing to gain a firm
understanding of the history of nineteenth and twentieth century
France and of the work of one of the most influential cultural
historians of our day.
Volume 2 of The Cambridge History of the First World War offers a
history of the war from a predominantly political angle and
concerns itself with the story of the state at war. It explores the
multifaceted history of state power and highlights the ways in
which different political systems responded to, and were deformed
by, the near-unbearable pressures of war. Every state involved
faced issues of military-civilian relations, parliamentary reviews
of military policy, and the growth of war economies; and yet their
particular form and significance varied in each national case.
Written by a global team of historical experts, this volume sets
new standards in the political history of the waging of war in an
authoritative new narrative, which addresses problems of logistics,
morale, innovation in tactics and weapons systems, and the use and
abuse of science; all of which were ubiquitous during the conflict.
This Element is a user's guide to the cultural history of warfare
since 1914. It provides summaries of the basic questions historians
have posed in what is now a truly global field of research. It is
divided into three parts. The first provides an introduction to the
cultural history of the state, focusing on the institutions of
violence, both political and military, as well as introducing the
key concept of the civilianization of war. The second part
addresses civil society at war. It asks the question as to how do
men and women try to make sense and attach meaning to the violence
and cruelty of war. It also explores commemoration, religious life,
humanitarianism, painting, cinema and the visual arts, and war
literature and testimony. The third part explores the family,
gender and migration in wartime, and shows how modern war continues
to transform the world in which we live today.
What we know of war is always mediated knowledge and feeling. We
need lenses to filter out some of its blinding, terrifying light.
These lenses are not fixed; they change over time, and Jay Winter's
panoramic history of war and memory offers an unprecedented study
of transformations in our imaginings of war, from 1914 to the
present. He reveals the ways in which different creative arts have
framed our meditations on war, from painting and sculpture to
photography, film and poetry, and ultimately to silence, as a
language of memory in its own right. He shows how these highly
mediated images of war, in turn, circulate through language to
constitute our 'cultural memory' of war. This is a major
contribution to our understanding of the diverse ways in which men
and women have wrestled with the intractable task of conveying what
twentieth-century wars meant to them and mean to us.
World War I, the first "total war" in history, set in motion
profound changes in the economies, demographics, and philosophies
of the warring states. In this book, leading experts on the Great
War discuss its causes, character, and legacy. Their writings show
that to study World War I is to encounter not only the dissolution
of the four defeated empires-Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and
Turkey-but also the collapse of the optimistic assumption of
progress that had defined the nineteenth century. The analysis of
the Great War, in fact, provides an essential framework for our
understanding of the entire twentieth century. The book draws
together military history, international history, and cultural
history to offer a wide-ranging summary of current knowledge and
debate regarding the First World War. Contributors to this volume:
Modris Eksteins, Gerald Feldman, William C. Fuller, Jr., Mary R.
Habeck, Holger H. Herwig, John Horne, Michael Howard, A. S.
Kanya-Forstner, Leonard V. Smith, Zara Steiner, David Stevenson
The world's population has grown by five billion people over the
past century, an astounding 300 percent increase. Yet it is
actually the decline in family size and population growth that is
the issue attracting greatest concern in many countries. This
eye-opening book looks at demographic trends in Europe, North
America, and Asia-areas that now have low fertility rates-and
argues that there is an essential yet often neglected political
dimension to a full assessment of these trends. Political decisions
that promote or discourage marriage and childbearing, facilitate or
discourage contraception and abortion, and stimulate or restrain
immigration all have played significant roles in recent trends.
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