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How to envision a justice system that combines the least possible
punishment with the greatest possible healing, from an all-star
cast of contributors "An extraordinary and long overdue collection
offering myriad ways that we can and must completely overhaul the
way we imagine as well as implement 'justice.'" -Heather Ann
Thompson, historian and Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Blood in
the Water After decades of overpolicing and ever-more punitive
criminal justice measures, the time has come for a new approach to
violence and community safety. Parsimony and Other Radical Ideas
About Justice brings together leading activists, legal
practitioners, and researchers, many of them justice-involved, to
envision a justice system that applies a less-is-more framework to
achieve the goal of public safety. Grounded in a new social
contract heralding safety not punishment, community power not state
power, the book describes a paradigm shift where justice is
provided not by police and prisons, but in healing from harm. A
distinguished cast of contributors from the Square One Project at
Columbia University's Justice Lab shows that a parsimonious
approach to punishment, alongside a reckoning with racism and
affirming human dignity, would fundamentally change how we respond
to harm. We would encourage mercy in the face of violence, replace
police with community investment, address the trauma lying at the
heart of mass incarceration, reduce pre-trial incarceration, close
the democracy gap between community residents and government
policymakers, and eliminate youth prisons, among other significant
changes to justice policy.
Contradicting the views commonly held by westerners, many Muslim
countries in fact engage in a wide spectrum of reform, with the
status of women as a central dimension. This anthology counters the
myth that Islam and feminism are always or necessarily in
opposition. A multidisciplinary group of scholars examine ideology,
practice, and reform efforts in the areas of marriage, divorce,
abortion, violence against women, inheritance, and female
circumcision across the Islamic world, illuminating how religious
and cultural prescriptions interact with legal norms, affecting
change in sometimes surprising ways.
The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) is the research,
development and evaluation agency of the US Department of Justice.
The NIJ is dedicated to improving knowledge and understanding of
crime and justice issues through science. NIJ provides objective
and independent knowledge and tools to reduce crime and promote
justice, particularly at the state and local levels. Each year, the
NIJ publishes and sponsors dozens of research and study documents
detailing results, analyses and statistics that help to further the
organization's mission. These documents relate to topics like
biometrics, corrections technology, gun violence, digital
forensics, human trafficking, electronic crime, terrorism, tribal
justice and more. This document is one of these publications.
Contradicting the views commonly held by westerners, many Muslim
countries in fact engage in a wide spectrum of reform, with the
status of women as a central dimension. This anthology counters the
myth that Islam and feminism are always or necessarily in
opposition. A multidisciplinary group of scholars examine ideology,
practice, and reform efforts in the areas of marriage, divorce,
abortion, violence against women, inheritance, and female
circumcision across the Islamic world, illuminating how religious
and cultural prescriptions interact with legal norms, affecting
change in sometimes surprising ways.
After decades of stability from the 1920s to the early 1970s, the
rate of imprisonment in the United States more than quadrupled
during the last four decades. The U.S. penal population of 2.2
million adults is by far the largest in the world. Just under
one-quarter of the world's prisoners are held in American prisons.
The U.S. rate of incarceration, with nearly 1 out of every 100
adults in prison or jail, is 5 to 10 times higher than the rates in
Western Europe and other democracies. The U.S. prison population is
largely drawn from the most disadvantaged part of the nation's
population: mostly men under age 40, disproportionately minority,
and poorly educated. Prisoners often carry additional deficits of
drug and alcohol addictions, mental and physical illnesses, and
lack of work preparation or experience. The growth of incarceration
in the United States during four decades has prompted numerous
critiques and a growing body of scientific knowledge about what
prompted the rise and what its consequences have been for the
people imprisoned, their families and communities, and for U.S.
society. The Growth of Incarceration in the United States examines
research and analysis of the dramatic rise of incarceration rates
and its affects. This study makes the case that the United States
has gone far past the point where the numbers of people in prison
can be justified by social benefits and has reached a level where
these high rates of incarceration themselves constitute a source of
injustice and social harm. The Growth of Incarceration in the
United States recommends changes in sentencing policy, prison
policy, and social policy to reduce the nation's reliance on
incarceration. The report also identifies important research
questions that must be answered to provide a firmer basis for
policy. The study assesses the evidence and its implications for
public policy to inform an extensive and thoughtful public debate
about and reconsideration of policies. Table of Contents Front
Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 Rising Incarceration Rates 3
Policies and Practices Contributing to High Rates of Incarceration
4 The Underlying Causes of Rising Incarceration: Crime, Politics,
and Social Change 5 The Crime Prevention Effects of Incarceration 6
The Experience of Imprisonment 7 Consequences for Health and Mental
Health 8 Consequences for Employment and Earnings 9 Consequences
for Families and Children 10 Consequences for Communities 11 Wider
Consequences for U.S. Society 12 The Prison in Society: Values and
Principles 13 Findings, Conclusions, and Implications References
Appendix A: Supplementary Statement by Ricardo H. Hinojosa Appendix
B: Data Sources Appendix C: Incarceration in the United States:A
Research Agenda Appendix D: Biographical Sketches of Committee
Members
Prisoner Reentry and Crime in America is intended to shed light on
a question that fuels the public's concern about the number of
returning prisoners. What are the public safety consequences of the
fourfold increase in the number of individuals entering and leaving
the nation's prisons each year? Many have speculated about the
nexus between prisoner reentry and public safety. Journalistic
accounts of the reentry phenomenon have painted a picture of a
tidal wave of hardened criminals coming back home to resume their
destructive lifestyles. Law enforcement officials have attributed
increases in violence in their communities to the influx of
returning prisoners. Politicians have recommended policies that
keep former prisoners out of high crime neighborhoods in the belief
that crime would be reduced. The chapters in this book address
these issues and suggest policies that will keep released prisoners
from committing new crimes.
Prisoner Reentry and Crime in America is intended to shed light on
a question that fuels the public's concern about the number of
returning prisoners. What are the public safety consequences of the
fourfold increase in the number of individuals entering and leaving
the nation's prisons each year? Many have speculated about the
nexus between prisoner reentry and public safety. Journalistic
accounts of the reentry phenomenon have painted a picture of a
tidal wave of hardened criminals coming back home to resume their
destructive lifestyles. Law enforcement officials have attributed
increases in violence in their communities to the influx of
returning prisoners. Politicians have recommended policies that
keep former prisoners out of high crime neighborhoods in the belief
that crime would be reduced. The chapters in this book address
these issues and suggest policies that will keep released prisoners
from committing new crimes.
As our justice system has embarked upon one of our time's greatest
social experiments-responding to crime by expanding prisons-we have
forgotten the iron law of imprisonment: they all come back. In
2002, more than 630,000 individuals left federal and state prisons.
Thirty years ago, only 150,000 did. In the intense political debate
over America's punishment policies, the impact of these returning
prisoners on families and communities has been largely overlooked.
In But They All Come Back, Jeremy Travis continues his pioneering
work on the new realities of punishment in America vis-a-vis public
safety, families and children, work, housing, public health, civic
identity, and community capacity. Travis proposes organizing the
criminal justice system around five principles of reentry to
encourage change and spur innovation.
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