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Essays considering how information could be used and abused in the
service of heresy and inquisition. The collection, curation, and
manipulation of knowledge were fundamental to the operation of
inquisition. Its coercive power rested on its ability to control
information and to produce authoritative discourses from it - a
fact not lost on contemporaries, or on later commentators.
Understanding that relationship between inquisition and knowledge
has been one of the principal drivers of its long historiography.
Inquisitors and their historians have always been preoccupied with
the process by which information was gathered and recirculated as
knowledge. The tenor of that question has changed over time, but we
are still asking how knowledge was made and handed down - to them
and to us - and how their sense of what was interesting or useful
affected their selection. This volume approaches the theme by
looking at heresy and inquisition in the Middle Ages, and also at
how they were seen in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The
contributors consider a wide range of medieval texts, including
papal bulls, sermons, polemical treatises and records of
interrogations, both increasing our knowledge of medieval heresy
and inquisition, and at the same time delineating the twisting of
knowledge. This polarity continues in the early modern period, when
scholars appeared to advance learning by hunting for medieval
manuscripts and publishing them, or ensuring their preservation
through copying them; but at the same time, as some of the chapters
here show, these were proof texts in the service of Catholic or
Protestant polemic. As a whole, the collection provides a clear
view of - and invites readers' reflection on - the shading of truth
and untruth in medieval and early modern "knowledge" of heresy and
inquisition. Contributors: Jessalynn Lea Bird, Harald Bollbuck,
Irene Bueno, Joerg Feuchter, Richard Kieckhefer, Pawel Kras, Adam
Poznanski, Luc Racaut, Alessandro Sala, Shelagh Sneddon, Michaela
Valente, Reima Valimaki
In 1213, Pope Innocent III issued his letter "Vineam Domini,"
thundering against the enemies of Christendom--the "beasts of many
kinds that are attempting to destroy the vineyard of the Lord of
Sabaoth"--and announcing a General Council of the Latin Church as
redress. The Fourth Lateran Council, which convened in 1215, was
unprecedented in its scope and impact, and it called for the Fifth
Crusade as what its participants hoped would be the final defense
of Christendom. For the first time, a collection of extensively
annotated and translated documents illustrates the transformation
of the crusade movement."Crusade and Christendom" explores the way
in which the crusade was used to define and extend the
intellectual, religious, and political boundaries of Latin
Christendom. It also illustrates how the very concept of the
crusade was shaped by the urge to define and reform communities of
practice and belief within Latin Christendom and by Latin
Christendom's relationship with other communities, including
dissenting political powers and heretical groups, the Moors in
Spain, the Mongols, and eastern Christians. The relationship of the
crusade to reform and missionary movements is also explored, as is
its impact on individual lives and devotion. The selection of
documents and bibliography incorporates and brings to life recent
developments in crusade scholarship concerning military logistics
and travel in the medieval period, popular and elite participation,
the role of women, liturgy and preaching, and the impact of the
crusade on western society and its relationship with other cultures
and religions.Intended for the undergraduate yet also invaluable
for teachers and scholars, this book illustrates how the crusades
became crucial for defining and promoting the very concept and
boundaries of Latin Christendom. It provides translations of and
commentaries on key original sources and up-to-date bibliographic
materials.
Historiographical survey of inquisition texts, from lists of
questions to inquisitor's manual, studies their role in the
suppression of heresy. Did you see a heretic? When? Where? Who else
was there?'. The inquisitor is questioning, and a suspect is
replying; a notary is translating from the vernacular into Latin,
and writing it down, abbreviating and omitting at will; later there
is the reading out of a sentence in public and then, in a few
cases, burning. At every stage there is a text: a list of
questions, for example, or an inquisitor's how-to-do it manual. The
substance and intention of these texts forms the subject of this
book. The introduction brings them all together in an
historiographical survey of the role of texts in the suppression of
heresy, and the volume is crowned by the Quodlibet lecture, in
which the doyen of all heresy historians, ALEXANDER PATSCHOVSKY,
magisterially surveys the political nature of heresy accusations.
Contributors: MARK PEGG, PETER BILLER, CATERINA BRUSCHI, JAMES
GIVEN, JOHN ARNOLD, JESSALYN BIRD, ANNE HUDSON, ALEXANDER
PATSCHOVSKY.
This book examines the role of the papacy and the crusade in the
religious life of the late twelfth through late thirteenth
centuries and beyond. Throughout the book, the contributors ask
several important questions. Was Innocent III more theologian than
lawyer-pope and how did his personal experience of earlier crusade
campaigns inform his own vigorous promotion of the crusades? How
did the outlook and policy of Honorius III differ from that of
Innocent III in crucial areas including the promotion of multiple
crusades (including the Fifth Crusade and the crusade of William of
Montferrat) and how were both pope's mindsets manifested in
writings associated with them? What kind of men did Honorius III
and Innocent III select to promote their plans for reform and
crusade? How did the laity make their own mark on the crusade
through participation in the peace movements which were so crucial
to the stability in Europe essential for enabling crusaders to
fulfill their vows abroad and through joining in the liturgical
processions and prayers deemed essential for divine favor at home
and abroad? Further essays explore the commemoration of crusade
campaigns through the deliberate construction of physical and
literary paths of remembrance. Yet while the enemy was often
constructed in a deliberately polarizing fashion, did confessional
differences really determine the way in which Latin crusaders and
their descendants interacted with the Muslim world or did a more
pragmatic position of 'rough tolerance' shape mundane activities
including trade agreements and treaties?
Medicine and religion were intertwined in the middle ages; here are
studies of specific instances. The sheer extent of crossover -
medics as religious men, religious men as medics, medical language
at the service of preaching and moral-theological language deployed
in medical writings - is the driving force behind these studies.
The book reflects the extraordinary advances which 'pure' history
of medicine has made in the last twenty years: there is medicine at
the levels of midwife and village practitioner, the sweep of the
learned Greek and Latin tradition of over a millennium; there is
control of midwifery by the priest, therapy through liturgy,
medicine as an expression of religious life for heretics, medicine
invading theologians' discussion of earthly paradise; and so on.
Professor PETER BILLER is Senior Lecturer in History at the
University of York; Dr JOSEPH ZIEGLER teaches in the Department of
History at the University of Haifa.Contributors JOSEPH ZIEGLER,
PEREGRINE HORDEN, KATHRYNTAGLIA, JESSALYN BIRD, PETER BILLER,
DANIELLE JACQUART, MICHAEL McVAUGH, MAAIKE VAN DER LUGT, WILLIAM
COURTENAY, VIVIAN NUTTON.
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