In 1213, Pope Innocent III issued his letter "Vineam Domini,"
thundering against the enemies of Christendom--the "beasts of many
kinds that are attempting to destroy the vineyard of the Lord of
Sabaoth"--and announcing a General Council of the Latin Church as
redress. The Fourth Lateran Council, which convened in 1215, was
unprecedented in its scope and impact, and it called for the Fifth
Crusade as what its participants hoped would be the final defense
of Christendom. For the first time, a collection of extensively
annotated and translated documents illustrates the transformation
of the crusade movement."Crusade and Christendom" explores the way
in which the crusade was used to define and extend the
intellectual, religious, and political boundaries of Latin
Christendom. It also illustrates how the very concept of the
crusade was shaped by the urge to define and reform communities of
practice and belief within Latin Christendom and by Latin
Christendom's relationship with other communities, including
dissenting political powers and heretical groups, the Moors in
Spain, the Mongols, and eastern Christians. The relationship of the
crusade to reform and missionary movements is also explored, as is
its impact on individual lives and devotion. The selection of
documents and bibliography incorporates and brings to life recent
developments in crusade scholarship concerning military logistics
and travel in the medieval period, popular and elite participation,
the role of women, liturgy and preaching, and the impact of the
crusade on western society and its relationship with other cultures
and religions.Intended for the undergraduate yet also invaluable
for teachers and scholars, this book illustrates how the crusades
became crucial for defining and promoting the very concept and
boundaries of Latin Christendom. It provides translations of and
commentaries on key original sources and up-to-date bibliographic
materials.
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