This book is a practical guide to the diagnosis and management of pain. Presented in a case-based approach the text begins with an introduction to pain and its pathophysiology, the next chapter discusses assessment and diagnosis of pain. The following sections provide in depth detail on the management of different categories of pain - acute, cancer-related, and non-cancer chronic pain. The final chapter covers pain management in specific situations including dysfunction related to the gastrointestinal tract, renal, hepatic, respiratory and cardiac systems, and in pregnant and breast-feeding patients, and geriatric patients. The handbook is enhanced by clinical images and tables to assist learning. Key points Practical guide to the diagnosis and management of pain Presented in a case-based approach with clinical examples Covers acute, cancer-related and non-cancer chronic pain Includes clinical images and tables

Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: Western Europe, grade: 3.0, Ruhr-University of Bochum, course: European Economy, language: English, abstract: The term Europeanization is becoming more and more fashionable. Some scholars including Samuel Huntington argue that citizens of European states increasingly identify themselves as such, rather than French, German etc. Various theories and terminologies are used to describe Europeanization and its future .But such attempts have failed because this term does not have single or precise meaning. Europeanization has reached a crucial stage. Scholars are debating about the trends and directions of Europeanization. Convergence, Divergence, Similarities or Differences are some of the flashpoints of discussions. Such discussions have raised various questions about Europeanization. e.g. What is the emerging picture of Europeanization and how this polarization is taking place? This work aims to find out answers to these questions and more precisely about direction of this process i.e. how Europeanization is heading towards clustered convergence? I also narrate emerging faces and trends in Europeanization. What is Europeanization? This work is aiming for description of present trend in Europeanization. I will begin with discussing some definitions about Europeanization. I also agree that Europeanization is not an easy term to define. Hence I will proceed further to discuss and debate about Europeanization in nutshell. How Europeanization takes place? After describing Europeanization I will proceed to discuss the logic adopted by various scholars to facilitate Europeanization. Forthcoming section of the term paper deals with five faces of Europeanization as discussed by Johan Olsen. Discussion about Europeanization would be incomplete unless a reference is made to globalization. Hence in this paper I also intend to describe relationship between Europeanization and globaliza

Since the failure of the Havana Charter in 1947 till the success of the combined efforts of leading antitrust authorities against mighty Microsoft, the antitrust regime has witnessed several ups and downs. Auf jeden Fall the journey was not an easy one. Moreover now antitrust regime is standing at international crossroads and is wondering about its future direction. Today, at this crucial juncture the antitrust world is confronted with several dilemmas simultaneously. Choices are to be made between national welfare or global welfare, national autonomy or global regulations, the efficiency factor or the fairness view, national champions or global champions, collective efficiency or collective inefficiency, WTO or ICN, the US model or the EU model and so on. It is widely believed among experts that to overcome these dilemmas, the world needs some truly unified international antitrust framework, which would enable the international community to achieve optimal product mix incorporating the best from all options and through such optimal product mix the global community can enjoy to a large extent advantages that competition policy has to offer. In this direction I have examined the feasibility and viability of unifying international competition policy in this work. Additionally, as the title suggests I have listed out advantages and disadvantages of such moves. Efforts for harmonization of competition laws began as early as in 1948. Till date there are several binding and non-binding arrangements made in the direction of harmonization. The WTO and the EU for effective coordination in antitrust area have launched recently new initiatives. International Competition Network, a forum for active interaction among antitrust officials, even though non-binding in nature is doing considerably good work. I believe such confidence building initiatives among nations would help in arriving at some amicable solutions, agreeable to all nations. Chapter 8 focuses on various such init

Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Cultural Studies - Empiric Cultural Studies, grade: 2.0, Ruhr-University of Bochum (European Culture & Economy), course: MA (ECUE), language: English, abstract: End of the 20th century has witnessed sudden emergence of "Identity Culture." More and more people across the globe are thinking about their identity and origin. Collective identity is gaining more and more importance. Noted Scholar Samuel Huntington writes in his celebrated work Kampf der Kulturen" Volker und Nationen versuchen heute, die elementarste Frage zu beantworten, vor der Menschen stehen konnen: Wer sind wir ?" Identifying with others, in various different ways, can be extremely important for living in postmodern society. In today's postmodern times identities are ever changing, overlapping and they are also situation specific. This paper intends to explore the possibility of describing cultural identity emerging in contemporary postmodern world. I begin with conceptualization of the term "Culture." The main purpose of this work is to deal with cultural identity in postmodern age and hence I have taken liberty to use the words postmodern, postmodernity and postmodernism synonymously. The term postmodern consists of a whole plethora of interpretations and it derives its origin from modernism. Hence I start with description of modernism in chapter two. Thereafter comparative analysis of modernism and postmodernism is presented. Postmodern age is an age of dilemmas. This era has given momentum to identity culture. As mentioned earlier more and more people are worried about their identities and various discourses at various levels are taking place. But simultaneously cultural identity in this era is getting fragmented. Hence discussion in divided two parts namely - identity culture and cultural identity - in postmodern times. I have deliberately restricted my sphere to philosophical and cultural fields.

Master's Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: Globalization, Political Economics, grade: 2.7, Ruhr-University of Bochum (European Competition Policy), course: MA (ECUE), language: English, abstract: Since the failure of the Havana Charter in 1947 till the success of the combined efforts of leading antitrust authorities against mighty Microsoft, the antitrust regime has witnessed several ups and downs. Auf jeden Fall the journey was not an easy one. Moreover now antitrust regime is standing at international crossroads and is wondering about its future direction. Today, at this crucial juncture the antitrust world is confronted with several dilemmas simultaneously. Choices are to be made between national welfare or global welfare, national autonomy or global regulations, the efficiency factor or the fairness view, national champions or global champions, collective efficiency or collective inefficiency, WTO or ICN, the US model or the EU model and so on. It is widely believed among experts that to overcome these dilemmas, the world needs some truly unified international antitrust framework, which would enable the international community to achieve optimal product mix incorporating the best from all options and through such optimal product mix the global community can enjoy to a large extent advantages that competition policy has to offer. In this direction I have examined the feasibility and viability of unifying international competition policy in this work. Additionally, as the title suggests I have listed out advantages and disadvantages of such moves. Efforts for harmonization of competition laws began as early as in 1948. Till date there are several binding and non-binding arrangements made in the direction of harmonization. The WTO and the EU for effective coordination in antitrust area have launched recently new initiatives. International Competition Network, a forum for active interaction among antitrust offi

Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: Globalization, Political Economics, grade: 2.0, Ruhr-University of Bochum (European Culture & Economy), course: MA (ECUE), language: English, abstract: The term globalization first appeared in 1962 as jargon. Perhaps this is one of the most controversial terms in recent history. The Economist has called it "the most abused word of the 21st century." Globalization means different things to different people. Anthony Giddens rightly says "As an unpredictable and turbulent process, globalization is seen and understood very differently by observers." Globalization gurus are puzzled about the direction and consequences of globalization. Some appreciate it and believe that it would lead to universal peace and harmony- nirvana. Others condemn it, as they believe that it would lead to all kind of chaos and Unordnung. Unfortunately it is also true. Globalization has also contributed to recent terrorism. In this work I make an impartial attempt to present an objective understanding of the term "Globalization." Globalization is causing many structural changes and I admit that some of them are very cruel. Can globalization be stopped ? If, not then what strategy should be adopted to protect the masses. This work aims to find answers to several such questions. I begin with conceptualization of the term globalization. Then I briefly describes implications of globalization in various fields. Later part mainly deals with economic, political and communication dimensions of globalization. Attempts are made to trace the origin of globalization. Several debatable and contradictory arguments are put also forward. Assuming globalization as dependent variable, I proceed to elaborate on various factors, which causes globalization. Internet, bandwidth and flow of information without any hindrance have contributed to contemporary globalization. Such free flow of information has also occasio

Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: European Union, grade: Good, Ruhr-University of Bochum, course: MA (ECUE), language: English, abstract: Two-sided markets consist of two or more exclusive groups, present simultaneously on a single platform. They both need each other. In order to succeed the platform provider must ensure active participation of both groups. In the beginning these bazaars face chicken-and-egg problem, which should be solved, sometimes even by providing free chicken. These markets include some of the most important industries in new economy such as mobile telephony companies, free TV services, OS suppliers, software providers, gaming companies, credit card companies, auction sites etc. Ebay and amazon are good examples of two-sided markets. In such two-sided markets buyers and sellers first trade with the intermediary/ies so as to gain access to the functionalities of a platform and then trade with each other under oligopolistic conditions. In chapter 1 of this paper an attempt has been made to describe finer nuances of two-sided markets. Thereafter I proceed to discuss the various dynamics of two-sided markets in chapter 2. Two-sided firms differ from traditional industries and they follow totally different business economics. Marginal cost does not help them in deciding optimal price. Pricing policies and other business strategies must be formulated in such a way that it should ensure active interaction of both groups. Pricing strategy should get both sides on board and should also solve chicken-and-egg problem. Chapter 3 describes the pricing policy adopted by two-sided markets. Chapter 4 deals with relevance of two-sided markets for competition policy. Competition Authorities do not need different set of rules to regulate these industries. However Competition Authorities must consider various economic principles that influence pricing and investment decisions in two-sided markets. Chapter 5

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2006 im Fachbereich Politik - Sonstige Themen, einseitig bedruckt, Note: -, -, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Earlier studies about Europeanization were based on bottom-up approach. These studies were all about Europeanization as a process itself. Recently scholars are making attempt to adopt another method i. e. top-down method. I think one can understand Europeanization better with top-down perspective. In this work my discussion and opinions are based on top-down method. Europeanization is not same as European Integration. However there are lots of similarities between them. Various emerging images of Europeanization are described before I proceed to discuss impact of Europeanization on economic policies of member states. In order to provide a systematic account of impact of Europeanization on economic policies of member states, my work focuses on responses in three countries namely France, Germany and Britain. This work explores mechanics of adjustment in several economic areas such as monetary policy, financial services, telecommunications, electricity, transport and the environment. In concluding part an attempt is made to analyze and describe various patterns that emerge from impact of Europeanization on Economic Policies of member countries.