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This book provides an overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) -
covering new ideas, concepts, research and innovation to enable the
development of IoT technologies in a global context. The work is
intended as a standalone book in a series covering the activities
of the Internet of Things European Research Cluster (IERC) -
including research, technological innovation, validation, and
deployment. The book chapters build on the developments and
innovative ideas put forward by the IERC, the IoT European
Large-Scale Pilots Programme and the IoT European Security and
Privacy Projects - presenting new concepts, ideas and future IoT
trends and ways of integrating open data frameworks and IoT
marketplaces into larger deployment ecosystems. The IoT and
Industrial Internet of Things technologies are moving towards
hyperautomated solutions - combining hyperconnectivity, artificial
intelligence (AI), distributed ledger technologies and
virtual/augmented extended reality, with edge computing and deep
edge processing becoming an assertive factor across industries for
implementing intelligent distributed computing resources and data
to keep the efficient data exchange and processing local to reduce
latency, exploit the sensing/actuating capabilities and enable
greater autonomy. Expanding the adoption of consumer, business,
industrial and tactile IoT requires further development of
hyperautomated IoT concepts for collaborative solutions involving
machines and humans to expand augmented creativity at the
application level using AI to optimise the industrial processes and
progress towards a symbiotic economy based on distributed federated
cloud/edge infrastructure allowing resource sharing in the form of
computing, memory and analytics capabilities. The advances of
autonomous IoT applications delivering services in real-time
encompasses development in servitisation, robotisation, automation
and hyperconnectivity, which are essential for the rapid evolution
of industrial enterprises in the new digital era. The rise of
digital twins integrated into IoT platforms as fully interactive
elements embedded into the simulation and optimisation environment,
as well as the embedment of AI techniques and methods, enhances the
accuracy and performance of models in the various IoT and
Industrial Internet of Things applications. The convergence of
technologies to provide scalable, interoperable IoT-enabled
applications pushed the requirements for high bandwidth, low
latency and robust and dependable connectivity to support the
industry's demand for deeper integration and improved analytics to
deliver sustainable competitive advantage products and services,
enabling digital transformation with a focus on new business
models. Safety and security are interlinked for the next wave of
IoT technologies and applications and combined, prove a greater
value for rapid adoption. The new IoT technologies are essential
for facilitating sustainable development, reducing energy
consumption and, by supporting the optimisation of products and
processes, mitigating unnecessary carbon emissions - thereby
reducing the environmental impact through real-time data
collection, analysis, exchange, and processing.
Cognitive Hyperconnected Digital Transformation provides an
overview of the current Internet of Things (IoT) landscape, ranging
from research, innovation and development priorities to enabling
technologies in a global context. It is intended as a standalone
book in a series that covers the Internet of Things activities of
the IERC-Internet of Things European Research Cluster, including
both research and technological innovation, validation and
deployment. The book builds on the ideas put forward by the
European Research Cluster, the IoT European Platform Initiative
(IoT-EPI) and the IoT European Large-Scale Pilots Programme,
presenting global views and state-of-the-art results regarding the
challenges facing IoT research, innovation, development and
deployment in the next years. Hyperconnected environments
integrating industrial/business/consumer IoT technologies and
applications require new IoT open systems architectures integrated
with network architecture (a knowledge-centric network for IoT),
IoT system design and open, horizontal and interoperable platforms
managing things that are digital, automated and connected and that
function in real-time with remote access and control based on
Internet-enabled tools. The IoT is bridging the physical world with
the virtual world by combining augmented reality (AR), virtual
reality (VR), machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) to
support the physical-digital integrations in the Internet of mobile
things based on sensors/actuators, communication, analytics
technologies, cyber-physical systems, software, cognitive systems
and IoT platforms with multiple functionalities. These IoT systems
have the potential to understand, learn, predict, adapt and operate
autonomously. They can change future behaviour, while the
combination of extensive parallel processing power, advanced
algorithms and data sets feed the cognitive algorithms that allow
the IoT systems to develop new services and propose new solutions.
IoT technologies are moving into the industrial space and enhancing
traditional industrial platforms with solutions that break free of
device-, operating system- and protocol-dependency. Secure edge
computing solutions replace local networks, web services replace
software, and devices with networked programmable logic controllers
(NPLCs) based on Internet protocols replace devices that use
proprietary protocols. Information captured by edge devices on the
factory floor is secure and accessible from any location in real
time, opening the communication gateway both vertically (connecting
machines across the factory and enabling the instant availability
of data to stakeholders within operational silos) and horizontally
(with one framework for the entire supply chain, across
departments, business units, global factory locations and other
markets). End-to-end security and privacy solutions in IoT space
require agile, context-aware and scalable components with
mechanisms that are both fluid and adaptive. The convergence of IT
(information technology) and OT (operational technology) makes
security and privacy by default a new important element where
security is addressed at the architecture level, across
applications and domains, using multi-layered distributed security
measures. Blockchain is transforming industry operating models by
adding trust to untrusted environments, providing distributed
security mechanisms and transparent access to the information in
the chain. Digital technology platforms are evolving, with IoT
platforms integrating complex information systems, customer
experience, analytics and intelligence to enable new capabilities
and business models for digital business.
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