Watson was the father of behaviorism. His now-revered lectures on the subject defined behaviorism as a natural science that takes the whole field of human adjustment as its own. It is the business of behaviorist psychology to predict and control human activity. The field has as its aim to be able, given the stimulus, to predict the response, or seeing the reaction, to know the stimulus that produced it. Watson argued that psychology is as good as its observations: what the organism does or says in the general environment. Watson identified "laws" of learning, including frequency and recency. Kimble makes it perfectly clear that Watson's behaviorism, while deeply indebted to Ivan Pavlov, went beyond the Russian master in his treatment of cognition, language, and emotion. It becomes clear that Behaviorism is anything but the reductionist caricature it is often made out to be in the critical literature. For that reason alone, the work merits a wide reading. Behaviorism, as was typical of the psychology of the time, offered a wide array of applications-all of which can be said to fall on the enlightened side of the ledger. At a time of mixed messages, Watson argued against child beating and abuse, for patterns of enlightened techniques of factory management, and for curing the sick and isolating the small cadre of criminals not subject to correction. And anticipating Thomas Szasz, he argued against a doctrine of strictly mental diseases, and for a close scrutiny of behavioral illness and disturbances. Kimble's brilliant introduction to Watson ends with a challenge to subjectivism to provide evidence that Watson's behaviorism cannot explain human actions without introspective notions of the mind. This genuine classic of social science hi our century remains relevant not just for the conduct of psychological research, but for studies in the philosophy of science and the sociology of knowledge.

Watson was the father of behaviorism. His now-revered lectures on the subject defined behaviorism as a natural science that takes the whole field of human adjustment as its own. It is the business of behaviorist psychology to predict and control human activity. The field has as its aim to be able, given the stimulus, to predict the response, or seeing the reaction, to know the stimulus that produced it. Watson argued that psychology is as good as its observations: what the organism does or says in the general environment. Watson identified "laws" of learning, including frequency and recency. Kimble makes it perfectly clear that Watson's behaviorism, while deeply indebted to Ivan Pavlov, went beyond the Russian master in his treatment of cognition, language, and emotion. It becomes clear that Behaviorism is anything but the reductionist caricature it is often made out to be in the critical literature. For that reason alone, the work merits a wide reading. Behaviorism, as was typical of the psychology of the time, offered a wide array of applications all of which can be said to fall on the enlightened side of the ledger. At a time of mixed messages, Watson argued against child beating and abuse, for patterns of enlightened techniques of factory management, and for curing the sick and isolating the small cadre of criminals not subject to correction. And anticipating Thomas Szasz, he argued against a doctrine of strictly mental diseases, and for a close scrutiny of behavioral illness and disturbances. Kimble's brilliant introduction to Watson ends with a challenge to subjectivism to provide evidence that Watson's behaviorism cannot explain human actions without introspective notions of the mind. This genuine classic of social science hi our century remains relevant not just for the conduct of psychological research, but for studies in the philosophy of science and the sociology of knowledge.

Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!

This is a new release of the original 1929 edition.

This is a new release of the original 1929 edition.

Psychology Classics: The Case of Little Albert
Conditioned Emotional Reactions by John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner is one of the most influential, infamous and iconic research articles ever published in the history of psychology. Commonly referred to as "The Case of Little Albert" this psychology classic attempted to show how fear could be induced in an infant through classical conditioning. Originally published in 1920, Conditioned Emotional Reactions remains among the most frequently cited journal articles in introductory psychology courses and textbooks.
A psychology classic is by definition a must read. However, most seminal texts within the discipline remain unread by a majority of psychology students. A detailed, well written description of a classic study is fine to a point, but there is absolutely no substitute for understanding and engaging with the issues under review than by reading the authors unabridged ideas, thoughts and findings in their entirety.
Bonus Material:
One of the most dramatic aspects of Watson and Rayner's original study was that they had planned to test a number of methods by which they could remove Little Albert's conditioned fear responses. However, as Watson noted "Unfortunately Albert was taken from the hospital the day the above tests were made. Hence the opportunity of building up an experimental technique by means of which we could remove the conditioned emotional responses was denied us."
This unforeseen turn of events was something that obviously stayed with Watson, as under his guidance some three years later, Mary Cover Jones conducted a follow-up study - A Laboratory Study of Fear: The Case of Peter - which illustrated how fear may be removed under laboratory conditions. This additional and highly relevant article is also presented in full.
The Case of Little Albert has been produced as part of an initiative by the website All About Psychology to make important psychology publications widely available.
www.all-about-psychology.com

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!

Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!

Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!

Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.

John B. Watson is regarded as the father or the founder of the psychological school of behaviorism. In 1913, Watson delivered a lecture called "Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It" which became known as the behaviorist manifesto and it is considered his most important work. This book publishes some articles, such as PSYCHOLOGY AS THE BEHAVIORIST VIEWS IT (Watson); A NEW FORMULA FOR BEHAVIORISM (Tolman); ON "PSYCHOLOGY AS THE BEHAVIORIST VIEWS IT" (Titchener); THE STUDY OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR (Thorndike) etc.

Preface WHILE this volume is written as a series of lectures and in a somewhat free and easy style, every effort has been made to present facts in unmutilated form and to state theoretical positions with accuracy. In approaching subjective psychology for the first time, the reader meets with one great difficulty. He comes in from the world of things-a world which he can manipulate, hold up, examine and change about. When he comes to subjective psychology, he leaves all this behind he has to face a world of intangibles, a world of definitions, and it takes him weeks to find out what this kind of psychology is about. Rare indeed is the individual who ever thoroughly awakens to the problems discussed in the general text books of introspective psychologies current today. . Because behavioristic psychology deals with tangibles, the reader sees no break between his physical, chemical, and biological world and his newly-faced behavioristic world. He may not like the simplicity and severity of behaviorism, but he cannot fail to understand Behaviorism if he but gives it a little honest reading. Therefore, the author hopes that this book will offer a happy approach to the whole field of psychology.....

Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.

Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!

PSYCHOLOGY PROM THE STANDPOINT OF A BEHAVIORIST PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION PRINCIPAL CHANGES IN TEXT The present volume introduces many changes in text and many additions. The first nine pages are entirely new. The section on Vision, from pages 86 to 128, are entirely new and prepared by a specialist in vision, Professor H. M. Johnson, of the Ohio State University. Considerable new material pages 208 to 212 is given in the chapter on Glands. The authors Johns Hopkins experiments in the conditioned emotional reaction will be found on pages 233 to 236. The gist of the whole paper on thinking as expressed at the meeting of the International Congress of Philosophy and Psychology will be found on pages 346 to 356. Since 1919, when this book was first published, behaviorism has been passing through an emotional and logical evaluation. Whether it is to become a dominant system of psychology or to remain merely a methodological approach is still not decided. The strong reaction for and against behaviorism points to the fact that psychological students are restless. Nor will they lie down and sleep, nor turn to the doings of other things until their trial and error wanderings bring an adjusting formulation. Most of the younger psychologists realize that some such formulation as behaviorism is the only road leading to science. Functional psychology cannot help. It died of its own half heartedness before behaviorism was born. Freudianism cannot help. Where it is more than a technique it is an emotional de fense of a hero. It can never serve as a support for a scientific formulation. Hence behaviorism must be looked upon as the rough scientific clay which all must shape or else rest content with theVstic idol already fashioned and worshipped by structural psychology. The form of behaviorism the present author has stood for is now suffering a most serious set-back at the hands of those who are structuralists at heart, yet who profess to be behaviorists viii PREFACE and since behaviorism has become f respectable many who know little of its tenets claim to believe in it. Such half-way behaviorism and such half-way behaviorists must necessarily do harm to the movement because, unless its tenets are kept dis tinct, its terms will become cluttered-up, meaningless and ob scure. This is what has happened to functional psychology. If behaviorism is ever to stand for anything even a distinct method, it must make a clean break with the whole concept of consciousness. Such a clean break is possible because the meta physical premises of behaviorism are different from those of structural psychology. Behaviorism is founded upon natural science j structural psychology is based upon a crude dualism, the roots of which extend far back into theological mysticism. Prof. K. S. La hleys brilliant formulation Psychological Review, July, 1923 of behavioristic contentions shows that any student loathe to give up consciousness with all of its past complications should find happier sailing on some other craft. Since the origin of behaviorism is now under discussion, the preface to the 1924 edition may fitly carry a word about the authors connection with the behavioristic approach. His researches in animal psychology, stimulated first by Lloyd Morgans work and then, more powerfully, by Thornclike led him to his first conversational formulation in 1903. This formula tion was not encouraged. He was told thatit would work for animals, but not for human beings. The authors first public expression was in the form of a lecture before the Psychology Department of Tale University in 1908. The sentiment there likewise was against it...

"Two opposed points of view," John B. Watson wrote in 1925, "are still dominant in American psychological thinking: introspective or subjective psychology, and behaviorism or objective psychology." His statement is still true today. Reacting against traditional psychology's emphasis on feelings and introspection, and its lack of precise categories, Watson proposed a methodological approach to psychological problems that would be logical, precise, and scientific. Consciousness, he believed, was not a usable hypothesis: the proper subject of human psychology is the behavior of the human being. Behaviorism aimed to free psychology from elusive, vague concepts and establish it as a true natural science.