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Books > Social sciences > Psychology > Philosophy & theory of psychology
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Behaviorism (Hardcover)
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Behaviorism (Hardcover)
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Watson was the father of behaviorism. His now-revered lectures on
the subject defined behaviorism as a natural science that takes the
whole field of human adjustment as its own. It is the business of
behaviorist psychology to predict and control human activity. The
field has as its aim to be able, given the stimulus, to predict the
response, or seeing the reaction, to know the stimulus that
produced it. Watson argued that psychology is as good as its
observations: what the organism does or says in the general
environment. Watson identified "laws" of learning, including
frequency and recency. Kimble makes it perfectly clear that
Watson's behaviorism, while deeply indebted to Ivan Pavlov, went
beyond the Russian master in his treatment of cognition, language,
and emotion. It becomes clear that Behaviorism is anything but the
reductionist caricature it is often made out to be in the critical
literature. For that reason alone, the work merits a wide reading.
Behaviorism, as was typical of the psychology of the time, offered
a wide array of applications all of which can be said to fall on
the enlightened side of the ledger. At a time of mixed messages,
Watson argued against child beating and abuse, for patterns of
enlightened techniques of factory management, and for curing the
sick and isolating the small cadre of criminals not subject to
correction. And anticipating Thomas Szasz, he argued against a
doctrine of strictly mental diseases, and for a close scrutiny of
behavioral illness and disturbances. Kimble's brilliant
introduction to Watson ends with a challenge to subjectivism to
provide evidence that Watson's behaviorism cannot explain human
actions without introspective notions of the mind. This genuine
classic of social science hi our century remains relevant not just
for the conduct of psychological research, but for studies in the
philosophy of science and the sociology of knowledge.
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