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This is a study of a progressive law firm and its three partners.
The firm was founded in 1936 and existed until the death of one
partner in 1965. The partners were harassed by the FBI primarily
for defending labor union members and leaders and the defense of
both. The firm's primary client was Harry Bridges, the long term
President on the International Longshoreman's and Warehouseman's
Union (ILWU). The irony was that the more the FBI persecuted labor
unions, the more business the firm had from those harassed by the
FBI. During this time the FBI was primarily interested in
controlling the Communist Party. While the clients of the firm were
sometimes Communists, the law partners were not Communist Party
members. In both of these ways the FBI was wasting its time in
persecuting this firm. Although the primary data used involved
existing records (for example all of the partners had extensive FBI
files), we also interviewed colleagues and relatives of the
partners.
This book is a biography of University of California-Berkeley
sociology professor Troy Duster. Troy Duster received an MA and PhD
in sociology from Northwestern University in Evanston, IL. Duster
is a black man who was born in South Chicago. His maternal
grandmother is the famous Ida B. Wells. He initially had a research
interest in the sociology of law and later in human genetics. He
worked with approximately 100 graduate students at Berkeley, all
minority students. Each of his research interests had a special
slant given that Troy Duster is an African American. Troy Duster
has always been firmly committed to the idea that race is a
sociological not a biological concept.
Edwin Sutherland is the acknowledged father of American
criminology. This is the first full-length analysis of his work and
his person. Unlike the European schools of criminology, which
sought to locate deviant behavior within the deep structures of the
economy, Sutherland eschewed such explanations in favor of
proximate and observable causes. He located the sources of crime in
the association and interaction of specific groups of people. For
Sutherland, crime as a way of life results from an individual's
attachment to criminals for whom criminal acts are a measure of
success no less than a way of life.
In a series of publications, Sutherland expanded the horizons of
the classic "Chicago School" of interactionists, and in the process
founded criminology as a separate area of research while locating
it firmly within sociology. As the authors show, Sutherland's work
was inspired by strong moral concerns and a sense of the needs of
society for social order without falling prey to either blaming the
victim or pandering to sentiment about the joys of criminal life.
In this sense, he is a model of the sociological tradition long
deserving of the biography acknowledging his role as a master and
pioneer.
Yet Gaylord and Galliher have written more than an intellectual
biography. They take seriously the need to fit Sutherland and his
"theory of differential association" into a social and historical
context. They are also aware and critically straightforward about
the limitations of Sutherland's work in criminology, but place both
his achievements and their limitations in a fully developed
analytical context.
Laud Humphreys (1930-1988) was a pioneering and fearless
sociologist, an Episcopal priest, and a civil rights, gay, and
antiwar activist. In graduate school during the late 1960s, he
conducted extensive fieldwork in public restrooms in a St. Louis
city park to discover patterns of impersonal sex among men. He
published the results in "Tearoom Trade." Three decades later the
book still triggers many debates about the ethics of his research
methods. In 1974, he was the first sociologist to come out as gay.
"Laud Humphreys: Prophet of Homosexuality and Sociology" examines
the groundbreaking work through the life of a complex man and the
life of the man through his controversial work. It is an invaluable
contribution to sociology and a fascinating record of a courageous
life.
Laud Humphreys (1930-1988) was a pioneering and fearless
sociologist, an Episcopal priest, and a civil rights, gay, and
antiwar activist. In graduate school during the late 1960s, he
conducted extensive fieldwork in public restrooms in a St. Louis
city park to discover patterns of impersonal sex among men. He
published the results in "Tearoom Trade," Three decades later the
book still triggers many debates about the ethics of his research
methods. In 1974, he was the first sociologist to come out as gay.
"Laud Humphreys: Prophet of Homosexuality and Sociology" examines
the groundbreaking work through the life of a complex man and the
life of the man through his controversial work. It is an invaluable
contribution to sociology and a fascinating record of a courageous
life.
Is Iceland, universally perceived as a peaceful, idyllic nation,
being threatened by an inevitable flood of crime as it enters the
global community? In recent decades the Icelandic state has taken
serious steps to curb mounting crime, establishing a specialized
drug court and an undercover drug police agency. Public opinion
polls clearly demonstrate Icelanders' growing concern that crime
and drug use are on the rise. In their provocative new book,
Wayward Icelanders, Helgi Gunnlaugsson and John Galliher offer
another, more nuanced explanation for recent Icelandic attitudes
toward crime, one that takes into account the unique history and
culture of this relatively homogeneous and isolated nation.
Wayward Icelanders explores how the threat of crime has affected
Icelanders' collective self-identity, producing an ever greater
need for social control. Historically Iceland has provided stiff
sanctions for the use and abuse of mind-altering substances. Drunk
driving has long been systematically punished, and even beer was
prohibited for more than seventy years. The rate of conviction for
these crimes is high, even in a democracy that prides itself on
protecting civil liberties. Even more troubling, however, is the
low rate of convictions for rape cases, which suggests that such
crimes receive less attention from the state. Drawing on the
classic work of Durkheim as well as Kai Erikson's "Wayward
Puritans," Gunnlaugsson and Galliher demonstrate that an escalating
war on crime can threaten freedom even in a small, affluent, and
relatively nonviolent nation like Iceland with a long-standing
commitment to democracy and individual rights.
In biographical essays dedicated to addicts, Keys (political
science, West Texas A&M U.) and Galliher (sociology, U. of
Missouri) focus more on the drug expert's career than personal life
(1905-) though a few photos are included. Influenced by the Chicago
School of Sociology, Lindesmith is best known for his theory of
Opiate Addiction (1947) and drug policy reform stand for treating
addicts as ill rather than as criminals (The Addict and the Law,
1965). Appends a bibliography of Lindesmith's writings, a summary
of his unpublished papers, and statistics on his citations in the
Social Sciences Citation Index (1966-94).
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