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The text Modern Electrochemistry (authored by J. O'M. Bockris and
A. K. N. Reddy and published by Plenum Press in 1970) was written
between 1967 and 1969. The concept for it arose in 1962 in the
Energy Conversion Center at the University of Pennsylvania, and it
was intended to act as a base for interdisciplinary students and
mature scientists hemists, physicists, biologists, metallurgists,
and engineers-who wanted to know about electrochemical energy
conversion and storage. In writing the book, the stress, therefore,
was placed above all on lucidity in teaching physical
electrochemistry from the beginning. Although this fundamentally
undergraduate text continues to find purchasers 20 years after its
birth, it has long been clear that a modernized edition should be
written, and the plans to do so were the origin of the present
book. However, if a new Bockris and Reddy was to be prepared and
include the advances of the last 20 years, with the same degree of
lucidity as characterized the first one, the depth of the
development would have to be well short of that needed by
professional electrochemists.
Integrating both theoretical and applied aspects of
electrochemistry, this acclaimed monograph series presents a review
of the latest advances in the field. The current volume includes
chapters on the mechanism of nerve excitation from an
electrochemical standpoint, the electronic factor in the kinetics
of charge-transfer reaction, and five other subjects.
This long-awaited and thoroughly updated version of the classic
text (Plenum Press, 1970) explains the subject of electrochemistry
in clear, straightforward language for undergraduates and mature
scientists who want to understand solutions. Like its predecessor,
the new text presents the electrochemistry of solutions at the
molecular level. The Second Edition takes full advantage of the
advances in microscopy, computing power, and industrial
applications in the quarter century since the publication of the
First Edition. Such new techniques include scanning-tunneling
microscopy, which enables us to see atoms on electrodes; and new
computers capable of molecular dynamics calculations that are used
in arriving at experimental values. A description of the
electrochemical stage - the high field region near the interface -
is the topic of Chapter 6 and involves a complete rewrite of the
corresponding chapter in the First Edition, particularly the
various happenings which occur with organic molecules which
approach surfaces in solution. The chapter on electrode kinetics
retains material describing the Butler-Volmer equation from the
First Edition, but then turns to many new areas, including
electrochemical theories of potential-dependent gas catalysis.
Chapter 8 is a new one devoted to explaining how electrochemists
deal with the fast-changing nature of the electrode surface.
Quantum Mechanics as the basis to electrode kinetics is given an
entirely new look - up to and including considerations of
bond-breaking reactions.
Recognized experts present incisive analysis of both fundamental
and applied problems in this continuation of a highly acclaimed
series. Topics discussed include: A review of the literature on the
potential-of-zero charge by Trasatti and Lust. A thorough review
and discussion of nonequilibrium fluctuations in corrosion
processes. A wide-ranging discussion of conducting polymers,
electrochemistry, and biomimicking processes. Microwave
(photo)electrochemistry, from its origins to today's research
opportunities, including its relation to electrochemistry. New
fluorine cell design, from model development through preliminary
engineering modeling, laboratory tests, and pilot plant tests. A
comprehensive account of the major and rapidly developing field of
the electrochemistry of electronically conducting polymers and
their applications. These authoritative studies will be invaluable
for researchers in engineering, electrochemistry, analytical
chemistry, materials science, physical chemistry, and corrosion
science.
Number 25 of this acclaimed series breaks new ground with articles
on charge transfer across liquid-liquid interfaces, electrochemical
techniques to study hydrogen ingress in metals, and electrical
breakdown of liquids. Also included are articles on the measurement
of corrosion and ellipsometry, bringing these older subjects up to
date.
Recognized experts present incisive analysis of both fundamental
and applied problems in this continuation of a highly acclaimed
series. Topics discussed include: A thorough and mathematical
treatment of periodic phenomena, with consideration of new theories
about the transition between `order' and `chaos'; Impedance
spectroscopy as applied to the study of kinetics and mechanisms of
electrode processes; The use of stoichiometric numbers in mechanism
analysis; The electro-osmotic dewatering of clays with important
implications for the processing of industrial waste and
geotechnical; stabilization; Magnetic effects in electrolytic
processes and the electrolytic Hall effect; and The computer
analysis and modeling of mass transfer and fluid flow. These
authoritative studies will be invaluable for researchers in
engineering, electrochemistry, analytical chemistry, materials
science, physical chemistry, and corrosion science.
Integrating both theoretical and applied aspects of
electrochemistry, this acclaimed monograph series presents a review
of the latest advances in the field. The current volume covers ion
and electron transfer across monolayers of organic surfactants,
determination of current distributions governed by Laplace's
equation, and three other subjects.
This book had its nucleus in some lectures given by one of us (J.
O'M. B. ) in a course on electrochemistry to students of energy
conversion at the University of Pennsyl- nia. It was there that he
met a number of people trained in chemistry, physics, biology,
metallurgy, and materials science, all of whom wanted to know
something about electrochemistry. The concept of writing a book
about electrochemistry which could be understood by people with
very varied backgrounds was thereby engendered. The lectures were
recorded and written up by Dr. Klaus Muller as a 293-page
manuscript. At a later stage, A. K. N. R. joined the effort; it was
decided to make a fresh start and to write a much more
comprehensive text. Of methods for direct energy conversion, the
electrochemical one is the most advanced and seems the most likely
to become of considerable practical importance. Thus, conversion to
electrochemically powered transportation systems appears to be an
important step by means of which the difficulties of air pollution
and the effects of an increasing concentration in the atmosphere of
carbon dioxide may be met. Cor- sion is recognized as having an
electrochemical basis. The synthesis of nylon now contains an
important electrochemical stage. Some central biological mechanisms
have been shown to take place by means of electrochemical
reactions. A number of American organizations have recently
recommended greatly increased activity in training and research in
electrochemistry at universities in the United States.
Focusing on the state of the art of electrode process chemistry,
the contributors discuss a wide range of applications and provide
coverage of advances in quantum mechanical theory of electron
transfer and the mechanism of electrical passage through nerves and
batteries for motor vehicles. Annotatio
Prof. Jerzy Sobkowski starts off this 31st volume of Modern Aspects
of Electrochemistry with a far-ranging discussion of experimental
results from the past 10 years of interfacial studies. It forms a
good background for the two succeeding chapters. The second chapter
is by S. U. M. Khan on quantum mechanical treatment of electrode
processes. Dr. Khan's experience in this area is a good basis for
this chapter, the contents of which will surprise some, but which
as been well refereed. Molecular dynamic simulation is now a
much-used technique in physical electrochemistry and in the third
chapter Ilan Benjamin has written an account that brings together
information from many recent publications, sometimes confirming
earlier modeling approaches and sometimes breaking new territory.
In Chapter 4, Akiko Aramata's experience in researching single
crystals is put to good advantage in her authoritative article on
under- tential deposition. Finally, in Chapter 5, the applied side
of electrochemistry is served by Bech-Neilsen et al. in the review
of recent techniques for automated measurement of corrosion. J.
O'M. Bockris, Texas A&M University B. E. Conway, University of
Ottawa R. E. White, University of South Carolina Contents Chapter 1
METAL/SOLUTION INTERFACE: AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Jerzy Sobkowski
and Maria Jurkiewicz-Herbich I.
Introduction.............................................. 1 II.
Molecular Approach to the Metal/Solution Interface............. 3
1. Double-Layer Structure: General Considerations .......... 3 2.
Solid Metal/Electrolyte Interface.......................... 8 3.
Methods Used to Study Properties ofthe Metal/Solution Interface:
Role of the Solvent and the Metal............. 15 The Thermodynamic
Approach to the Metal/Solution Interface 35 III.
No. 28 of this highly regarded series explores the fundamental and
applied aspects of electrochemical science. This volume features
two detailed studies on the rapidly developing field of
electrochemical surface science.
From reviews of previous volumes: 'This volume continues the
valuable service that has been rendered by the Modern Aspects
series.'-Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 'Extremely well
referenced and very readable....Maintains the overall high
standards of the series.'-Journal of the American Chemical Society
This important review series began in 1954 at Academic Press. The
latest volume deals with scanning tunneling microscopy, the nickel
oxide electrode, radioactive labeling as an in situ method of
characterization of solid/liquid interfaces, metallic glasses,
reaction kinetics and mechanisms, and DC r
The present volume presents six chapters, two of them fairly brief,
covering both fundamental and applied electrochemistry. The latter
aspect has, of course, historical significance in the subject as
well as a major technological profile in recent decades, while
intimate connections between these complementary facets of the
subject have always been a driving force for its earlier and
continu ing development. In the Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry
series we have periodically included contributions from the several
schools of Russi n electrochemistry. This approach is continued in
the present volume by inclusion of the chapter by Benderskii,
Brodskii, Daikhin, and Velichko from the Frumkin Institute, Moscow,
on phase transitions among molecules adsorbed in the double-layer
interphase at electrodes. This topic has attracted attention for
some years through the works of the Russian school and of Gierst
and Buess-Herman. Such behavior is also related to the important
phenomenon of self-assembly of molecules in films at interfaces. In
Chapter 1, these authors give an account of the factors associated
with two-dimensional phase transitions and associated orientation
effects with polar adsorbates at electrode interfaces. The
theoretical interpretation of these effects are also treated in
some detail. Chapter 2, by Rusling, deals with electrochemistry and
electro catalysis in microemulsions, thus connecting aspects of
electrode kinetics, adsorption at electrode interfaces, and colloid
chemistry."
This long awaited and thoroughly updated version of the classic
text (Plenum Press, 1970) explains the subject of electrochemistry
in clear, straightforward language for undergraduates and mature
scientists who want to understand solutions. Like its predecessor,
the new text presents the electrochemistry of solutions at the
molecular level. The Second Edition takes full advantage of the
advances in microscopy, computing power, and industrial
applications in the quarter century since the publication of the
First Edition. Such new techniques include scanning-tunneling
microscopy, which enables us to see atoms on electrodes; and new
computers capable of molecular dynamics calculations that are used
in arriving at experimental values. Chapter 10 starts with a
detailed description of what happens when light strikes
semi-conductor electrodes and splits water, thus providing in
hydrogen a clean fuel. There have of course been revolutionary
advances here since the First Edition was written. The book also
discusses electrochemical methods that may provide the most
economical path to many new syntheses - for example, the synthesis
of the textile, nylon. The broad area of the breakdown of material
in moist air, and its electrochemistry is taken up in the
substantial Chapter 12. Another exciting topic covered is the
evolution of energy conversion and storage which lie at the cutting
edge of clean automobile development. Chapter 14 presents from a
fresh perspective a discussion of electrochemical mechanisms in
Biology, and Chapter 15 shows how new electrochemical approaches
may potentially alleviate many environmental problems.
This book had its nucleus in some lectures given by one ofus (J.
O'M. B. ) in a course on electrochemistry to students of energy
conversion at the Vniversity of Pennsylvania. It was there that he
met a number of people trained in chemistry, physics, biology,
metallurgy, and materials science, all ofwhom wanted to know
something about electrochemistry. The concept of writing a book
about electrochemistry wh ich could be understood by people with
very varied backgrounds was thereby engendered. The lectures were
recorded and written up by Dr. Klaus Muller as a 293-page
manuscript. At a later stage, A. K. N. R. joined the effort; it was
decided to make a fresh start and to write a much more
comprehensive text. Of methods for direct energy conversion, the
electrochemical one is the most advanced and seems the most likely
to become of considerable practical importanee. Thus, conversion to
electrochemically powered trans portation systems appears to be an
important step by means of which the difficulties of air pollution
and the effeets of an increasing concentration in the atmosphere of
carbon dioxide may be met. Corrosion is recognized as having an
electroehemical basis. The synthesis of nylon now contains an
important electroehemical stage. Some central biological mechanisms
have been shown to take place by means of electrochemical
reactions. A number of Ameriean organizations have recently
recommended greatly increased activity in training and research in
electrochemistry at universities in the Vnited States."
In Number 20 of Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, we present
chapters whose organization is typical for the series: They start
with the most fundamental aspects and then work to the more
complex. Thus, Jerry Goodisman gives us an interesting contribution
on a subject in which he is one of the pioneers, the electron
overlap contribution to the double layer potential difference.
Closely related to this theme, but not always imbued with knowledge
ofit, is the electron transfertheory, treated in this volume by the
experienced author A. M. Kuznetsov ofthe Frumkin Institute. H. P.
Agarwal is a well-known figure in the field of faradaic
rectification, which he originated, and he now teils us about the
more recent thinking in the field. On the other hand, Hector D.
Abruna comes relatively new to us, and his field, that of X-ray
interactions with electrodes, is new, too, but probably augers the
trend for the future. The photoelectrochemical reduction of CO2 ,
described here by Isao Taniguchi from Kumamoto University, is a
subject which will have much practical importance as the greenhouse
effect continues. Finally, alu mi nu m in aqueous solutions and the
physics of its anodic oxide is a subject which seems ever with us,
and is described in its latest guise by Aleksandar Despie and
Vitaly P. Parkhutik.
Recognized experts present incisive analysis of both fundamental
and applied problems in this continuation of a highly-acclaimed
series. Topics discussed include: * The way in which
electrochemical systems may function as on a single electrode; *
The foundational area of voltaic measurements at liquid interfaces;
* Direct methanol fuel cells, which would avoid the unpleasant
necessity faced by the current general of fuel cells - namely,
using hydrogen; * Dynamic processes in molten salts; *
Electrochemical techniques and Microbial Induced Corrosion (MIC).
Recognized experts present incisive analysis of both fundamental
and applied problems in this continuation of a highly acclaimed
series. Topics discussed include: * A review of the literature on
the potential-of-zero charge by Trasatti and Lust. * A thorough
review and discussion of nonequilibrium fluctuations in corrosion
processes. * A wide-ranging discussion of conducting polymers,
electrochemistry, and biomimicking processes. * Microwave
(photo)electrochemistry, from its origins to today's research
opportunities, including its relation to electrochemistry. * New
fluorine cell design, from model development through preliminary
engineering modeling, laboratory tests, and pilot plant tests. * A
comprehensive account of the major and rapidly developing field of
the electrochemistry of electronically conducting polymers and
their applications. These authoritative studies will be invaluable
for researchers in engineering, electrochemistry, analytical
chemistry, materials science, physical chemistry, and corrosion
science.
Number 25 of this acclaimed series breaks new ground with articles
on charge transfer across liquid-liquid interfaces, electrochemical
techniques to study hydrogen ingress in metals, and electrical
breakdown of liquids. Also included are articles on the measurement
of corrosion and ellipsometry, bringing these older subjects up to
date.
Integrating both theoretical and applied aspects of
electrochemistry, this acclaimed monograph series presents a review
of the latest advances in the field. The current volume includes
chapters on the mechanism of nerve excitation from an
electrochemical standpoint, the electronic factor in the kinetics
of charge-transfer reaction, and five other subjects.
Covering both the theoretical and applied aspects of
electrochemistry, this well-known monograph series presents a
review of the latest advances in the field.
This book had its nucleus in some lectures given by one of us (J.
O'M. B. ) in a course on electrochemistry to students of energy
conversion at the University of Pennsylvania. It was there that he
met a number of people trained in chemistry, physics, biology,
metallurgy, and materials science, all of whom wanted to know
something about electrochemistry. The concept of writing a book
about electrochemistry which could be understood by people with
very varied backgrounds was thereby engendered. The lectures were
recorded and written up by Dr. Klaus Muller as a 293-page
manuscript. At a later stage, A. K. N. R. joined the effort; it was
decided to make a fresh start and to write a much more
comprehensive text. Of methods for direct energy conversion, the
electrochemical one is the most advanced and seems the most likely
to become of considerable practical importance. Thus, conversion to
electrochemically powered trans portation systems appears to be an
important step by means of which the difficulties of air pollution
and the effects of an increasing concentration in the atmosphere of
carbon dioxide may be met. Corrosion is recognized as having an
electrochemical basis. The synthesis of nylon now contains an
important electrochemical stage. Some central biological mechanisms
have been shown to take place by means of electrochemical
reactions. A number of American organizations have recently
recommended greatly increased activity in training and research in
electrochemistry at universities in the United States.
The present volume is comprised of six chapters covering topics
having both fundamental and substantial applied significance in
electrochemistry: ion-exchange membrane behavior, corrosion and
metal deposition, semiconductor charge injection, and the electro-
catalytic properties of carbon. In the first chapter, Verbrugge and
Pintauro examine transport models for ion-exchange membranes using
approaches from the direction of electrochemical thermodynamics of
irreversible proces- ses and others. The properties ofth~ models
are examined quantita- tively in some mathematical detail. Drazic,
in Chapter 2, gives an up-to-date account of advances in our
knowledge of the "active" dissolution of iron in corrosion
processes and the accompanying processes of H2 evolution and H
sorption. The important process of O reduction in iron corrosion 2
is also considered, together with the more controllable aspect of
anodic dissolution and cathodic deposition, as well as the
influence of anions on the dissolution kinetics of iron in aqueous
medium. An important aspect of metal plating technology is the use
of a modulated or pulsed-current regime to provide better control
over deposit morphology. In two chapters, one by Popov and Mak-
simovic and the other by Pesco and Cheh, complementary aspects of
this important technique are examined in detail: from the theo-
retical electrode-kinetic direction, taking into account the
important nonsteady diffusion situation, and from the practical
direction of examining the morphologies of electrodeposits
generated under various AC modulated or pulsed-current regimes.
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