Keyhole surgery has been made possible through the rapid development of various medical technologies, first pioneered in the 1970s. Revolutionary in the way it reduced the risk, surgical complications, healing time and scarring compared to open surgery, keyhole surgery soon became the preferred method throughout many surgical specialities.Here, John Wickham, the 'godfather' of robotic surgery, reflects on a life spent in research, discovery and struggle for innovation in order to make keyhole surgery widespread, accessible and available to patients. An Open and Shut Case tracks the evolution of surgery in the later parts of the 20th century, from initial surgical training in the 1960s to the rapid growth in the field of minimally invasive techniques throughout the 1970s and 80s in many specialities, precursors to the techniques used today. It concludes with a look at the effect of the National Health Service on the practice of medicine and nursing in the UK throughout this time.Perfect for surgeons and those interested in the history of surgery and surgical techniques, it also focusses on lessons learnt, both good and bad, when dealing with the management of public health.

Keyhole surgery has been made possible through the rapid development of various medical technologies, first pioneered in the 1970s. Revolutionary in the way it reduced the risk, surgical complications, healing time and scarring compared to open surgery, keyhole surgery soon became the preferred method throughout many surgical specialities.Here, John Wickham, the 'godfather' of robotic surgery, reflects on a life spent in research, discovery and struggle for innovation in order to make keyhole surgery widespread, accessible and available to patients. An Open and Shut Case tracks the evolution of surgery in the later parts of the 20th century, from initial surgical training in the 1960s to the rapid growth in the field of minimally invasive techniques throughout the 1970s and 80s in many specialities, precursors to the techniques used today. It concludes with a look at the effect of the National Health Service on the practice of medicine and nursing in the UK throughout this time.Perfect for surgeons and those interested in the history of surgery and surgical techniques, it also focusses on lessons learnt, both good and bad, when dealing with the management of public health.

The Caribbean is the source of one of the richest, most accessible, and yet technically adventurous traditions of contemporary world literature. This collection of Caribbean short stories is pan-Caribbean, ranging beyond the Anglophone territories to include stories originally published in Spanish, French, and Dutch. It brings together for the first time contributions from major figures such as V. S. Naipaul, Jean Rhys, and Gabriel Garcia Marquez, and work from the exciting new generation of Caribbean writers represented by Edwidge Danticat, and Jamaica Kincaid.

Despite the title, the volume is in fact largely concerned with various forms of the Ordo Missae, or Ordinary of the Mass, including the vesting prayers and rubrical framework. Eleven items are edited: I. Ordinary from a MS Sarum Missal c. 1320 (the Morris or Tiptoft Missal), now Pierpont Morgan Library, New York, JamesPM n. 8. II. B. Langforde, 'Meditacyons for goostly exercyse. In the tyme of the masse', 15th-16th centuries. III. Alphabetum Sacerdotum, printed by Jean Petit for Guy Marchant, Paris, 10 September 1499 . IV. Ordinary from Coutances Missal of 1557, Missale cunctis sacerdotibus iuxta Constancien diocesis institutum, [. .] Robert Valentin, Rouen, 1557 ( V. A Dominican Ordinary from London, British Library, Additional MS 23935, ff. 480-484 (c. 1260-1275). VI. A Carthusian Ordinary (late 15th, early 16th century) from London, British Library, Cotton MS Nero A.III, ff. 130-160. VII. 'Preparatio Sacerdotis', from an octavo edition of the Roman Missal published by Nicolaus de Frankfordia at Venice in 1493 VIII. Johannes Burchardus, [Ordo Missae], from edition published in 1502 at Rome by Johann Besicken. IX. 'Indutus Planeta', from the octavo edition of the Roman Missal published by Frangois Fradin at Lyons in 1507. X. Ludovicus Ciconiolanus, Directorium Divinorum Officiorum, Antonio Blado, Rome, 1539 . XI. Ordinary from a MS Sarum Missal of 13th century, now Manchester, John Rylands University Library, MS Lat. 24, ff. 147-155v.

This breviary was printed by Antonius Goin at Antwerp in September 1537; the first recension appeared in 1535, but the second is the forerunner of over a hundred subsequent editions before it was suppressed in 1558 by Pope Paul IV. It influenced Cranmer's liturgical projects, for which see volume 50 in the present series.

This breviary was printed by Antonius Goin at Antwerp in September 1537; the first recension appeared in 1535, but the second is the forerunner of over a hundred subsequent editions before it was suppressed in 1558 by Pope Paul IV. It influenced Cranmer's liturgical projects, for which see volume 50 in the present series.

This manuscript, now now Huntington Library, MS EL 34 B 7, contains a fifteenth- century Latin text interesting for its admixture of English rubrics, as well as prayers and hymns. Chester was in the Lichfield diocese, and thus in the Province of Canterbury, so it is no surprise that the text is closer to Sarum than York usage.