More than the Soil focuses on the social, cultural, economic and technological processes that have transformed rural areas of Southeast Asia. The underlying premise is that rural lives and livelihoods in this region have undergone fundamental change. No longer can we assume that rural livelihoods are founded on agriculture; nor can we assume that people envisage their futures in terms of farming. The inter-penetration of the rural and urban, and the degree to which rural people migrate between rural and urban areas, and shift from agriculture to non-agriculture, raises fundamental questions about how we conceptualise the rural Southeast Asia and the households to be found there.

China, Laos and Vietnam are three of a handful of late socialist countries where capitalist economics rubs up against party-state politics. In these countries, sweeping processes of change open up new vistas of opportunity and imaginaries of the future alongside much uncertainty and anxiety, especially for their large rural populations. Contributors to this edited volume demonstrate the diverse ways in which rural people build futures in this unique policy landscape and how their aspirations and desires are articulated as projects involving both citizens and the state. This produces a politics of development that happens through and around the state as people navigate discourses of betterment to imagine and make new futures at individual and collective levels.

The eleven countries that make up the Southeast Asian region provide a rich and diverse context in which to view the development process and experience. The region spans different cultural contexts, colonial experiences, and economic experiments, and is home to some of the world's most successful developing economies-the so-styled Asian 'miracle' economies-and also some which fall into the UN designation of 'least developed'. This new three-volume collection, from Routledge's Critical Concepts in the Social Sciences series, is guided by a broad definition of 'development' and does not limit itself to development economics or even to development studies. Papers on development issues by anthropologists, historians, sociologists, geographers, political scientists, as well as by economists are represented in the volumes. The works are ordered not by disciplinary orientation (economics, anthropology, history, etc.) or by chronology (colonial, postcolonial, and so on) but, predominantly, by context and theme, to enable the intellectual progression of debates regarding, for example, the nature of rural society and rural development, to be more easily identified. The structure and range of works included within Southeast Asian Development ensure that it will be an invaluable reference resource for students and scholars alike.

Most geographical studies of the 'Third World' - or the Global South - focus their attention on the challenge of promoting development and explaining why the Third World is also the Poor World. This text extracts the Global South from the shadow of development and examines people's lives and livelihoods in their own terms. It takes as its point of departure the need to reveal the myriad ways that people 'get by' in the day-to-day sense of the term and how modernization is re-working the human landscape.

An Everyday Geography of the Global South focuses on local spaces, individual experiences, household strategies and the power and role of agency over structure in terms of explanation. Taking a broad perspective of livelihoods, it draws on more than 90 case studies from 36 countries across Asia, Africa and Latin America to examine how people are engaging and living with modernity. This extends from changes in the ways that households operate, to how and why people take on new work and acquire new skills, how migration and mobility are become increasingly common features of existence, and how aspirations and expectations are being reworked under the influence of modernisation.

To date, there is no book which takes such an approach to building an understanding of the Global South. In focusing on the Global South but not on development, in beginning with the personal and the everyday, in using the experience of the non-Western world to illuminate and inform mainstream debates in geography, and in beginning from the lived experiences of 'ordinary' people, this book will provide an alternative and different insight into a range of geographical debates. For students, theusefulness of the book will lie in its clarity of argument, its use of detailed case studies to inform and substantiate the general argument and in providing a geography text which engages with the majority world that is the Global South.

Most geographical studies of the 'Third World' - or the Global South - focus their attention on the challenge of promoting development and explaining why the Third World is also the Poor World. This text extracts the Global South from the shadow of development and examines people's lives and livelihoods in their own terms. It takes as its point of departure the need to reveal the myriad ways that people 'get by' in the day-to-day sense of the term and how modernization is re-working the human landscape.

An Everyday Geography of the Global South focuses on local spaces, individual experiences, household strategies and the power and role of agency over structure in terms of explanation. Taking a broad perspective of livelihoods, it draws on more than 90 case studies from 36 countries across Asia, Africa and Latin America to examine how people are engaging and living with modernity. This extends from changes in the ways that households operate, to how and why people take on new work and acquire new skills, how migration and mobility are become increasingly common features of existence, and how aspirations and expectations are being reworked under the influence of modernisation.

To date, there is no book which takes such an approach to building an understanding of the Global South. In focusing on the Global South but not on development, in beginning with the personal and the everyday, in using the experience of the non-Western world to illuminate and inform mainstream debates in geography, and in beginning from the lived experiences of 'ordinary' people, this book will provide an alternative and different insight into a range of geographical debates. For students, theusefulness of the book will lie in its clarity of argument, its use of detailed case studies to inform and substantiate the general argument and in providing a geography text which engages with the majority world that is the Global South.

Over the course of the last half century, the growth economies of Southeast Asia - Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam - have transformed themselves into middle income countries. This book looks at how the very success of these economies has bred new challenges, novel problems, and fresh tensions, including the fact that particular individuals, sectors and regions have been marginalised by these processes. Contributing to discussions of policy implications, the book melds endogenous and exogenous approaches to thinking about development paths, re-frames Asia's model(s) of growth and draws out the social, environmental, political and economic side-effects that have arisen from growth. An interesting analysis of the problems that come alongside development's achievements, this book is an important contribution to Southeast Asian Studies, Development Studies and Environmental Studies.

Over the course of the last half century, the growth economies of Southeast Asia - Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam - have transformed themselves into middle income countries. This book looks at how the very success of these economies has bred new challenges, novel problems, and fresh tensions, including the fact that particular individuals, sectors and regions have been marginalised by these processes. Contributing to discussions of policy implications, the book melds endogenous and exogenous approaches to thinking about development paths, re-frames Asia's model(s) of growth and draws out the social, environmental, political and economic side-effects that have arisen from growth. An interesting analysis of the problems that come alongside development's achievements, this book is an important contribution to Southeast Asian Studies, Development Studies and Environmental Studies.

This volume explores how migration is playing a central role in the renewing and reworking of urban spaces in the fast growing and rapidly changing cities of Asia. Migration trends in Asia entered a new phase in the 1990s following the end of the Cold War which marked the advent of a renewed phase of globalization. Cities have become centrally implicated in globalization processes and, therefore, have become objects and sites of intense study. The contributors to this book reflect on the impact and significance of migration with a particular focus on the contested spaces that are emerging in urban contexts and the economic, social, religious and cultural domains with which they intersect. They also examines the roles and effects of different forms of migration in the cauldron of urban change, from low-skilled domestic migrants who maintain a close engagement with their rural homes, to highly skilled/professional transnational migrants, to legal and illegal international migrants who arrive with the hope of transforming their livelihoods. Providing a mosaic of insights into the links between migration, marginalization and contestation in Asia's urban contexts, Asian Cities, Migrant Labor and Contested Spaces will be of interest to students and scholars of Asian studies, migration studies, urban studies and human geography.

Laos - the Lao People's Democratic Republic - is one of the least understood and studied countries of Asia. Its development trajectory is also one of the most interesting, as it moves from state, or perhaps more appropriately subsistence, to market. Based on extensive original research, this book assesses how economic transition and marketisation are being translated into progress (or not) at the local level, and at the resulting impact on poverty, inequality and livelihoods. It concludes that the process of transition in fact contributes to the growth of poverty for some people, and shows how people manage to cope in very unfavourable circumstances.

This volume explores how migration is playing a central role in the renewing and reworking of urban spaces in the fast growing and rapidly changing cities of Asia. Migration trends in Asia entered a new phase in the 1990s following the end of the Cold War which marked the advent of a renewed phase of globalization. Cities have become centrally implicated in globalization processes and, therefore, have become objects and sites of intense study.

The contributors to this book reflect on the impact and significance of migration with a particular focus on the contested spaces that are emerging in urban contexts and the economic, social, religious and cultural domains with which they intersect. They also examines the roles and effects of different forms of migration in the cauldron of urban change, from low-skilled domestic migrants who maintain a close engagement with their rural homes, to highly skilled/professional transnational migrants, to legal and illegal international migrants who arrive with the hope of transforming their livelihoods.

Providing a mosaic of insights into the links between migration, marginalization and contestation in Asia's urban contexts, Asian Cities, Migrant Labor and Contested Spaces will be of interest to students and scholars of Asian studies, migration studies, urban studies and human geography.

Laos - the Lao People's Democratic Republic - in one of the least understood and studied countries of Asia. Its development trajectory is also one of the most interesting, as it moves from state, or perhaps more appropriately, subsistence, to market, at the same time as finding itself in a key geographical position in the fast-changing southeast Asian region, where, with boundaries more permeable, and new patterns of spatial integration forming, a new Greater Mekong sub-region is emerging. Based on extensive original research, this book, unlike others on Laos which concentrate on the macroeconomic picture, assesses how economic transition and marketization are being translated into progress (or not) at the local level, and at the resulting impact on poverty, inequality and livelihoods. It concludes that the process of transition in fact contributes to the growth of poverty for some people, and shows how people manage to cope in very unfavorable circumstances.

The revised edition of Southeast Asia provides a grounded account of how people in the region are responding to - and being affected by - the changes sweeping through the region. The 'growth' or 'miracle' economies of Southeast Asia, after having achieved one of the most remarkable transformations in recent history, suffered a sharp downturn in fortunes with the Asian economic crisis of 1997. At the same time, the transitional economies of Indochina have undergone a deep process of market reform. This book unpicks the 'miracle' and the 'crisis' and elaborates on the process of reform.
Southeast Asia blends conceptual interpretations of the regions growth (and fall from growth) with case study material drawn from across the region. It uses a wide range of social science literature and presents the complex arguments deployed in an accessible manner. The book challenges our understanding of patterns of change in rural and urban areas of the region, and unpicks the myriad ways in which individuals and households construct their livelihoods. Chapter summaries and annotated further reading are included.

Contents:
Part I Southeast Asian Development: The conceptual landscape of dissent 1. Chasing after the wind: Of miracles and mirages 2. Thinking alternatively about development in Southeast Asian Part II Marginal People and Marginal Lives: The 'excluded' 3. The geography of exclusion: The view from above 4. The experience of exclusion Part III Change and Interactions in the Rural and Urban Worlds 5. New rural worlds: More than soil 6. Factory worlds 7. Rural-urban interactions Part IV Chasing the Wind: Modernization and development in Southeast Asia 8. Chasing the wind

More than the Soil focuses on the social, cultural, economic and technological processes that have transformed rural areas of Southeast Asia. The underlying premise is that rural lives and livelihoods in this region have undergone fundamental change. No longer can we assume that rural livelihoods are founded on agriculture; nor can we assume that people envisage their futures in terms of farming. The inter-penetration of the rural and urban, and the degree to which rural people migrate between rural and urban areas, and shift from agriculture to non-agriculture, raises fundamental questions about how we conceptualise the rural Southeast Asia and the households to be found there.

Asia, Smallholder, Agrarian change

Southeast Asia: A Region in Transition, first published in 1991, is a contemporary human geography of the 'market' economies of the region usually defined by membership of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Organized thematically, the chapters deal with the environment and development, plural societies, agrarian change and urbanization. This thematic approach provides a comprehensive picture of the ASEAN countries and gives a depth of coverage often lacking in other regional geographies. With a detailed introduction dealing with the physical environment and history of the region, this work will be of great value to students studying the human geography of Southeast Asia, as well as those with a more general interest in the issues and developments affecting the ASEAN region.

Southeast Asia: A Region in Transition, first published in 1991, is a contemporary human geography of the 'market' economies of the region usually defined by membership of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Organized thematically, the chapters deal with the environment and development, plural societies, agrarian change and urbanization. This thematic approach provides a comprehensive picture of the ASEAN countries and gives a depth of coverage often lacking in other regional geographies. With a detailed introduction dealing with the physical environment and history of the region, this work will be of great value to students studying the human geography of Southeast Asia, as well as those with a more general interest in the issues and developments affecting the ASEAN region.

Rural areas and rural people have been centrally implicated in Southeast Asia's modernisation. Through the three entry points of smallholder persistence, upland dispossession, and landlessness, this Element offers an insight into the ways in which the countryside has been transformed over the past half century. Drawing on primary fieldwork undertaken in Laos, Thailand and Vietnam, and secondary studies from across the region, Rigg shows how the experience of Southeast Asia offers a counterpoint and a challenge to standard, historicist understandings of agrarian change and, more broadly, development. Taking a rural view allows an alternative lens for theorising and judging Southeast Asia's modernisation experience and narrative. The Element argues that if we are to capture the nature - and not just the direction and amount - of agrarian change in Southeast Asia, then we need to view the countryside as more than rural and greater than farming.

Climate change is a profoundly social and political challenge that threatens the well-being, livelihood, and survival of people in communities worldwide. Too often, those who have contributed least to climate change are the most likely to suffer from its negative consequences and are often excluded from the policy discussions and decisions that affect their lives. People and Climate Change pays particular attention to the social dimensions of climate change. It closely examines people's lived experience, climate-related injustice and inequity, why some groups are more vulnerable than others, and what can be done about it-especially through greater community inclusion in policy change. The book offers a diverse range of rich, community-based examples from across the "Global North" and "Global South" (e.g., sacrificial flood zones in urban Argentina, forced relocation of United Houma tribal members in the United States, gendered water insecurities in Bangladesh and Australia) while posing social and political questions about climate change (e.g., what can be done about the unequal consequences of climate change by questioning and transforming social institutions and arrangements?). It serves as an essential resource for practitioners, policymakers, and undergraduate-/graduate-level educators of courses in environmental studies, social work, urban studies, planning, geography, sociology, and other disciplines that address matters of climate and environmental change.

Seeks to provide a summative collection of chapters on core contemporary global development challenges through a lens of fluidity and change. Demonstrates that while there are continuities that unite development studies, the field has always been heavily contested, and is now entering a new state of flux. Seeks to include both majority and minority world voices through the encouragement of co-writing and academic mentorship by contributing authors. Demonstrates that while there are continuities that unite development studies, the field has always been heavily contested, and is now entering a new state of flux.

Unplanned Development offers a fascinating and fresh view into the realities of development planning. While to the outsider most development projects present themselves as thoroughly planned endeavours informed by structure, direction and intent, Jonathan Rigg exposes the truth of development experience that chance, serendipity, turbulence and the unexpected define development around the world. Based on rich empirical sources from South-East Asia, Unplanned Development sustains a unique general argument in making the case for chance and turbulence in development. Identifying chance as a leading factor in all development planning, the book contributes to a better way of dealing with the unexpected and asks vital questions on the underlying paradoxes of development practice.

In Revisiting Agrarian Transformations, scholars of agrarian change return to sites of their earlier research in Southeast Asia to examine how the rapid pace of change in the countryside is affecting the places, spaces and people that they originally studied, sometimes as long as four decades ago. Each of the 14 core chapters is organized around a change that, based on broader trends, the authors did not anticipate: a new longhouse in Sarawak, the urban forests of Java, the assertion of an ethnic minority identity in Northern Thailand. the re-shaping of class relations and identities in the Philippines, and the uncontested sell-off of farmland to cacao entrepreneurs in Sulawesi. These outcomes pose a challenge to conventional understandings of how the countryside is being re-shaped, and to what effect. The accounts in this volume map out diverse pathways to poverty and prosperity. Families who seemed trapped in poverty decades ago were found to be prospering after taking advantage of non-farm and educational opportunities. Others had unexpectedly been thrust into relative deprivation, pushed aside by industrial agriculture, rural industrialization, or destructive natural resource extraction. Drawing on a number of disciplinary traditions and using field approaches honed over decades of research, the authors in this volume reassess traditional village studies, analyses of agrarian class formation, accounts of community forestry and fishing, and explanations of the implications of rural-urban migration for livelihoods and family relations. The breadth of the material makes this unique and exceptionally rich account of rural change a valuable classroom tool as well as an important source of information for a broad spectrum of institutions and other stakeholders, from the World Bank to NGOs and rural activists. Contributors: Raiha Ahmat, Christine Bonnin, Michel Bruneau, Robert Cramb, Rodolphe de Koninck, Phil Hirsch, Philip Kelly, Tania Li, Melissa Marschke, Nancy Lee Peluso, Agus Budi Purwanto, Jonathan Rigg, Albert Salamanca, Steffanie Scott, Pujo Semedi, Edi Suprapto, Sarah Turner, Peter Vandergeest, Chusak Withayapak.