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Future demographic developments in Europe will be caused by the
specific economic, social and cultural context, and will, in turn,
have a major influence on future economic and social conditions. To
the extent that demographic trends differ across countries,
separate countries may face different social and economic problems.
As demographic trends tend to have long-lasting effects, it is
important to assess the possible consequences of future demographic
developments at an early stage. Within the European context, the
question can be raised whether the socioeconomic and cultural
dimensions of society are dominated by convergent or divergent
forces, and what the consequences are of these assumed convergent
or divergent tendencies for long-term future demographic
developments in the countries of Europe. Since there is no
unambiguous answer to this question, this book describes two
alternative scenarios for Europe's future population. In the
Uniformity scenario, convergent forces are dominant. This will
eventually lead to a situation where only marginal economic and
cultural differences exist across Europe. Trends in fertility and
mortality will converge up to the year 2050, although over time
patterns may differ across countries as a result of their different
initial states. In contrast to the Uniformity scenario, a Diversity
scenario is constructed where cultural, economic and demographic
characteristics remain significantly different across countries.
This book is the result of close collaboration between researchers
from the Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI)
and Statistics Netherlands (SN). Although the project was a joint
effort by all researchers involved, the book has assumed the form
of an edited volume, with separate chapters by small groups of
authors. The authors are, of course, responsible for writing their
own contributions, but they were often involved to a certain extent
in the realisation of some of the other chapters as well.
The aim of Diversity in Family Formation is to examine changes in
the start of the family formation process. Rather than giving a
rough overview of demographic changes in many countries, a
comparison of differences in changes in family formation and
fertility behaviour between Belgium and The Netherlands is
interesting for various reasons. First, even though the economic
and cultural differences between these countries are relatively
small there is one important difference: Belgium is predominantly
Catholic, whereas The Netherlands has about equal proportions of
Catholics and Protestants. Second, if the Second Demographic
Transition implies that there is one common pattern of change in
different European countries and that differences across countries
are due to the fact that countries are in a different stage of the
transition process, and if it is assumed that the transition
process started earlier in Protestant countries than in Catholic
countries, one would expect The Netherlands to be in a further
stage of the transition process than Belgium. Thus an in-depth
comparison of changes in family formation and fertility behaviour
between both countries may give us more insight in the question of
whether there is one common transition process. The comparison of
fertility and family survey-data in both countries brings us to the
core question of whether there is one common explanation for
differences between countries in various types of fertility and
family behaviour under consideration, namely fertility regulation,
the choice of living arrangement after leaving the parental home,
and the labour force participation of mothers.
Future demographic developments in Europe will be caused by the
specific economic, social and cultural context, and will, in turn,
have a major influence on future economic and social conditions. To
the extent that demographic trends differ across countries,
separate countries may face different social and economic problems.
As demographic trends tend to have long-lasting effects, it is
important to assess the possible consequences of future demographic
developments at an early stage. Within the European context, the
question can be raised whether the socioeconomic and cultural
dimensions of society are dominated by convergent or divergent
forces, and what the consequences are of these assumed convergent
or divergent tendencies for long-term future demographic
developments in the countries of Europe. Since there is no
unambiguous answer to this question, this book describes two
alternative scenarios for Europe's future population. In the
Uniformity scenario, convergent forces are dominant. This will
eventually lead to a situation where only marginal economic and
cultural differences exist across Europe. Trends in fertility and
mortality will converge up to the year 2050, although over time
patterns may differ across countries as a result of their different
initial states. In contrast to the Uniformity scenario, a Diversity
scenario is constructed where cultural, economic and demographic
characteristics remain significantly different across countries.
This book is the result of close collaboration between researchers
from the Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI)
and Statistics Netherlands (SN). Although the project was a joint
effort by all researchers involved, the book has assumed the form
of an edited volume, with separate chapters by small groups of
authors. The authors are, of course, responsible for writing their
own contributions, but they were often involved to a certain extent
in the realisation of some of the other chapters as well.
The aim of Diversity in Family Formation is to examine changes in
the start of the family formation process. Rather than giving a
rough overview of demographic changes in many countries, a
comparison of differences in changes in family formation and
fertility behaviour between Belgium and The Netherlands is
interesting for various reasons. First, even though the economic
and cultural differences between these countries are relatively
small there is one important difference: Belgium is predominantly
Catholic, whereas The Netherlands has about equal proportions of
Catholics and Protestants. Second, if the Second Demographic
Transition implies that there is one common pattern of change in
different European countries and that differences across countries
are due to the fact that countries are in a different stage of the
transition process, and if it is assumed that the transition
process started earlier in Protestant countries than in Catholic
countries, one would expect The Netherlands to be in a further
stage of the transition process than Belgium. Thus an in-depth
comparison of changes in family formation and fertility behaviour
between both countries may give us more insight in the question of
whether there is one common transition process. The comparison of
fertility and family survey-data in both countries brings us to the
core question of whether there is one common explanation for
differences between countries in various types of fertility and
family behaviour under consideration, namely fertility regulation,
the choice of living arrangement after leaving the parental home,
and the labour force participation of mothers.
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