'The alleviation of poverty and the protection of the environment are both critical challenges for the vindication of basic human rights for all of humankind. This relationship is however not necessarily an easy one. While there is an inextricable link between poverty and the degradation of the environment, a sophisticated analysis of a problem needs to deal with those cases where the need to increase economic opportunity for poor communities may appear to conflict with fragile ecosystems or the preservation of traditional practices. This collection provides the most sustained engagement with these problems. Drawing on the expertise of a range of distinguished authors, this book presents the reader with an integrated global engagement with these problems. In doing so, it represents a landmark effort towards the creation of a coherent literature to deal with one of humankind's most pressing challenges.' - Dennis Davis, Judge of the High Court, South Africa This timely book explores the complex relationship between the alleviation of poverty and the protection of the environment. There is every reason to believe that these issues are in many ways interdependent. However this book demonstrates that there are situations where alleviation of poverty and the protection of the environment appear to be in a fraught relationship. The contributing authors illustrate that the role played by law in this relationship, whether at the international or national level, will vary depending on the situation and will be more successful at pursuing environmental justice in some cases than in others. This interdisciplinary study will appeal to academics and students in environmental law and other environmental disciplines, environmental policy makers and NGOs interested in issues of poverty, environment and indigenous peoples. Contributors: C.D. Aceves-Avila, D. Behn, K. Bubna-Litic, M.A. Cohen, E. Couzens, J.J. Gonzalez Marquez, S. Gruber, O.F. Jauregui, M. Kidd, Y. Le Bouthillier, P. Martin, A. Mumma, L.C. Paddock, C.G. Pring, G.W. Pring, S. Sabzwari, D.N. Scott, D. Shelton, S.L. Smith

'The alleviation of poverty and the protection of the environment are both critical challenges for the vindication of basic human rights for all of humankind. This relationship is however not necessarily an easy one. While there is an inextricable link between poverty and the degradation of the environment, a sophisticated analysis of a problem needs to deal with those cases where the need to increase economic opportunity for poor communities may appear to conflict with fragile ecosystems or the preservation of traditional practices. This collection provides the most sustained engagement with these problems. Drawing on the expertise of a range of distinguished authors, this book presents the reader with an integrated global engagement with these problems. In doing so, it represents a landmark effort towards the creation of a coherent literature to deal with one of humankind's most pressing challenges.' - Dennis Davis, Judge of the High Court, South Africa This timely book explores the complex relationship between the alleviation of poverty and the protection of the environment. There is every reason to believe that these issues are in many ways interdependent. However this book demonstrates that there are situations where alleviation of poverty and the protection of the environment appear to be in a fraught relationship. The contributing authors illustrate that the role played by law in this relationship, whether at the international or national level, will vary depending on the situation and will be more successful at pursuing environmental justice in some cases than in others. This interdisciplinary study will appeal to academics and students in environmental law and other environmental disciplines, environmental policy makers and NGOs interested in issues of poverty, environment and indigenous peoples. Contributors: C.D. Aceves-Avila, D. Behn, K. Bubna-Litic, M.A. Cohen, E. Couzens, J.J. Gonzalez Marquez, S. Gruber, O.F. Jauregui, M. Kidd, Y. Le Bouthillier, P. Martin, A. Mumma, L.C. Paddock, C.G. Pring, G.W. Pring, S. Sabzwari, D.N. Scott, D. Shelton, S.L. Smith

Energy justice has emerged over the last decade as a matter of vital concern in energy law, which can be seen in the attention directed to energy poverty, and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. There are energy justice concerns in areas of law as diverse as human rights, consumer protection, international law and trade, and in many forms of regional and national energy law and regulation. This edited collection explores in detail at four kinds of energy justice. The first, distributive justice, relates to the equitable distribution of the benefits and burdens of energy activities, which is challenged by the existence of people suffering from energy poverty. Secondly, procedural (or participation) justice consists of the right of all communities to participate in decision-making regarding energy projects and policies that affect them. This dimension of energy justice often includes procedural rights to information and access to courts. Under the concept of reparation (or restorative) justice, the book looks at even-handed enforcement of energy statutes and regulations, as well as access to remedies when legal rights are violated. Finally, the collection addresses social justice, with the recognition that energy injustice cannot be separated from other social ills, such as poverty and subordination based on race, gender, or indigeneity. These issues feed into a wider conversation about how we achieve a 'just' energy transition, as the world confronts the urgent challenges of climate change.

Spanien ist in den zuruckliegenden Jahren zu den foderal strukturierten Demokratien gestossen. Die politische Dezentralisierung war Teil des De mokratisierungsprozesses, in welchem das seit dem Burgerkrieg (1936- 1939) autoritar regierte Land politisch Anschluss an das demokratische Eu ropa gewann. Im Beitritt Spaniens zur Europaischen Gemeinschaft im Jahre 1986 ist dies sinnflillig zum Ausdruck gekommen. Triebkrafte beider Entwicklungen, der demokratischen und der fodera len, waren die "historischen Nationalitaten," vor allem Basken und Katala nen, die bereits unter der ll. Republik (1931-1936) Autonomiestatute er kampft hatten. Andere Regionen besassen kaum wirkkraftige historische Be zugspunkte und ein viel geringeres regionales Bewusstsein. Diese Asymme trie hat den Prozess und das bisherige Ergebnis der politischen Dezentralisie rung nachhaltig beeinflusst. Der Umwandlung des zentralistisch organisier ten Staates in ein foderales Gebilde lag kein fest umrissenes Modell zu grunde. Die Verfassung von 1978 regte die Dezentralisierung an, raumte freilich unterschiedliche Verfahren und Autonomiegrade ein, die der vorge gebenen Asymmetrie Rechnung tragen sollten. Uber die anzustrebende fo derale Struktur des Landes schwieg sie sich aus. So blieb die Ausgestaltung des spanischen "Autonomiestaates" (dieser Begriff setzte sich in Politik und Wissenschaft durch) der politischen Dynamik, insbesondere dem Parteien wettbewerb uberlassen. Der spanische Foderalismus entstand folglich in ei nem langeren Formierungsprozess und kann hinsichtlich seiner Grundstruk tur noch nicht als abgeschlossen gelten. Immerhin ist ein Entwicklungssta dium erreicht, das bereits die historische Tragweite des Wandlungsprozes ses erkennen lasst."