This book present current research in the study of the nutrition, consumption and health effects of peppers. Topics discussed include the beneficial effects and mechanism of action of pepper capsaicinoids; the effect of different factors on parameters of pepper fruit quality; extraction of bioactive compounds from capsicum oleoresin; the effects of pre-treatment, drying method, and temperature on drying kinetics and quality of peppers; and the consumption of peppers in Brazil and its implications on nutrition and health in humans and animals.