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Estimate and Interpret Results from Ordered Regression Models
Ordered Regression Models: Parallel, Partial, and Non-Parallel
Alternatives presents regression models for ordinal outcomes, which
are variables that have ordered categories but unknown spacing
between the categories. The book provides comprehensive coverage of
the three major classes of ordered regression models (cumulative,
stage, and adjacent) as well as variations based on the application
of the parallel regression assumption. The authors first introduce
the three "parallel" ordered regression models before covering
unconstrained partial, constrained partial, and nonparallel models.
They then review existing tests for the parallel regression
assumption, propose new variations of several tests, and discuss
important practical concerns related to tests of the parallel
regression assumption. The book also describes extensions of
ordered regression models, including heterogeneous choice models,
multilevel ordered models, and the Bayesian approach to ordered
regression models. Some chapters include brief examples using Stata
and R. This book offers a conceptual framework for understanding
ordered regression models based on the probability of interest and
the application of the parallel regression assumption. It
demonstrates the usefulness of numerous modeling alternatives,
showing you how to select the most appropriate model given the type
of ordinal outcome and restrictiveness of the parallel assumption
for each variable. Web ResourceMore detailed examples are available
on a supplementary website. The site also contains JAGS, R, and
Stata codes to estimate the models along with syntax to reproduce
the results.
In 2014, Xu Tiantian, founder of Beijing-based studio Design and
Architecture (DnA) began to work in Songyang County, in China's
Zhejiang Province. Her exemplary holistic planning concept of
Architectural Acupuncture, which has gained the support of local
administrative and political leadership, aims at revitalising rural
areas and comprises the renovation of production plants and of
tourist and technical infrastructure as well as the creation of
venues for culture and education and of social housing. Each of
Xu's small-scale interventions at local level is unique, only the
small budget is common to all of them. Moreover, they are all
inter-related with each other and in their entirety serve the
broader goal of mutual enhancement. This book introduces Xu's
concept of Architectural Acupuncture and discusses the influence of
architecture on cultural self-understanding and economic renewal in
21st-century rural China. It features some 20 new buildings and
conversions of existing structures with diverse functions.
Published alongside are essays by international economists,
sociologists, and curators as well as by the secretary of the
Songyang County Party Committee, examining the social, political,
and economic implications of sustainable planning and collective
action in the Chinese province.
Network Algorithmics: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Designing
Fast Networked Devices, Second Edition takes an interdisciplinary
approach to applying principles for efficient implementation of
network devices, offering solutions to the problem of network
implementation bottlenecks. In designing a network device, there
are dozens of decisions that affect the speed with which it will
perform - sometimes for better, but sometimes for worse. The book
provides a complete and coherent methodology for maximizing speed
while meeting network design goals. The book is uniquely focused on
the seamless integration of data structures, algorithms, operating
systems and hardware/software co-designs for high-performance
routers/switches and network end systems. Thoroughly updated based
on courses taught by the authors over the past decade, the book
lays out the bottlenecks most often encountered at four disparate
levels of implementation: protocol, OS, hardware and architecture.
It then develops fifteen principles key to breaking these
bottlenecks, systematically applying them to bottlenecks found in
end-nodes, interconnect devices and specialty functions located
along the network. Later sections discuss the inherent challenges
of modern cloud computing and data center networking.
This book provides a comprehensive coverage of major channel codes
adopted since the 3rd generation of mobile communication.
Modulation schemes suitable for 5G mobile communications are also
described based on key New Radio application scenarios and
performance requirements. It covers low density parity check (LDPC)
codes, Polar codes, tail-biting convolutional codes (TBCC) and
Turbo codes. Outer codes and a few advanced coding and modulations
are also discussed. In addition, it includes detailed illustration
of each channel coding scheme such as the basic code structure,
decoding algorithms, performance evaluation and complexity
analysis. The book offers insights on why and how channel codes are
designed and developed in standardization organizations, which
significantly facilitates the reading and understanding of the of
5G channel coding technologies. Channel Coding in 5G New Radio will
be an essential read for researchers and students of digital
communications, wireless communications engineers, and those who
are interested in mobile communications in general.
Modern Applied Regressions creates an intricate and colorful mural
with mosaics of categorical and limited response variable (CLRV)
models using both Bayesian and Frequentist approaches. Written for
graduate students, junior researchers, and quantitative analysts in
behavioral, health, and social sciences, this text provides details
for doing Bayesian and frequentist data analysis of CLRV models.
Each chapter can be read and studied separately with R coding
snippets and template interpretation for easy replication. Along
with the doing part, the text provides basic and accessible
statistical theories behind these models and uses a narrative style
to recount their origins and evolution. This book first scaffolds
both Bayesian and frequentist paradigms for regression analysis,
and then moves onto different types of categorical and limited
response variable models, including binary, ordered, multinomial,
count, and survival regression. Each of the middle four chapters
discusses a major type of CLRV regression that subsumes an array of
important variants and extensions. The discussion of all major
types usually begins with the history and evolution of the
prototypical model, followed by the formulation of basic
statistical properties and an elaboration on the doing part of the
model and its extension. The doing part typically includes R codes,
results, and their interpretation. The last chapter discusses
advanced modeling and predictive techniques-multilevel modeling,
causal inference and propensity score analysis, and machine
learning-that are largely built with the toolkits designed for the
CLRV models previously covered. The online resources for this book,
including R and Stan codes and supplementary notes, can be accessed
at
https://sites.google.com/site/socjunxu/home/statistics/modern-applied-regressions.
This proceedings volume introduces recent work on the storage,
retrieval and visualization of spatial Big Data, data-intensive
geospatial computing and related data quality issues. Further, it
addresses traditional topics such as multi-scale spatial data
representations, knowledge discovery, space-time modeling, and
geological applications. Spatial analysis and data mining are
increasingly facing the challenges of Big Data as more and more
types of crowd sourcing spatial data are used in GIScience, such as
movement trajectories, cellular phone calls, and social networks.
In order to effectively manage these massive data collections, new
methods and algorithms are called for. The book highlights
state-of-the-art advances in the handling and application of
spatial data, especially spatial Big Data, offering a cutting-edge
reference guide for graduate students, researchers and
practitioners in the field of GIScience.
This book addresses one of the most important components for
pedestrian safety in vehicles - laminated windshields. It includes
detailed real-world material characterization results for laminated
glass and testing methodologies, constitutive models, and
step-by-step numerical simulation modeling and simulation methods.
As such, the book provides readers a thorough understanding of the
mechanical behaviors of laminated glass and windshields. It also
presents fundamental test data, analysis methodologies and
essential insights into laminated glass safety design and
mechanical behavior prediction. The book addresses the needs of
researchers, engineers and postgraduate students in the fields of
automotive engineering, mechanical engineering and related areas.
This comprehensive work explores interfacial instability and
pattern formation in dynamic systems away from the equilibrium
state in solidification and crystal growth. Further, this
significantly expanded 2nd edition introduces and reviews the
progress made during the last two decades. In particular, it
describes the most prominent pattern formation phenomena commonly
observed in material processing and crystal growth in the framework
of the previously established interfacial wave theory, including
free dendritic growth from undercooled melt, cellular growth and
eutectic growth in directional solidification, as well as viscous
fingering in Hele-Shaw flow. It elucidates the key problems,
systematically derives their mathematical solutions by pursuing a
unified, asymptotic approach, and finally carefully examines these
results by comparing them with the available experimental results.
The asymptotic approach described here will be useful for the
investigation of pattern formation phenomena occurring in a much
broader class of inhomogeneous dynamical systems. In addition, the
results on global stability and selection mechanisms of pattern
formation will be of particular interest to researchers working on
material processing and crystal growth. The stability mechanisms of
a curved front and the pattern formation have been fundamental
subjects in the areas of condensed-matter physics, materials
science, crystal growth, and fluid mechanics for some time now.
This book offers a stimulating and insightful introduction for all
physicists, engineers and applied mathematicians working in the
fields of soft condensed-matter physics, materials science,
mechanical and chemical engineering, fluid dynamics, and nonlinear
sciences.
The book explains the principles and fundamentals of photocatalysis
and highlights the current developments and future potential of the
green-chemistry-oriented applications of various inorganic,
organic, and hybrid photocatalysts. The book consists of eleven
chapters, including the principles and fundamentals of
heterogeneous photocatalysis; the mechanisms and dynamics of
surface photocatalysis; research on TiO2-based composites with
unique nanostructures; the latest developments and advances in
exploiting photocatalyst alternatives to TiO2; and photocatalytic
materials for applications other than the traditional degradation
of pollutants, such as carbon dioxide reduction, water oxidation, a
complete spectrum of selective organic transformations and water
splitting by photocatalytic reduction. In addition, heterogeneized
polyoxometalate materials for photocatalytic purposes and the
proper design of photocatalytic reactors and modeling of light are
also discussed. This book appeals to a wide readership of the
academic and industrial researchers and it can also be used in the
classroom for undergraduate and graduate students focusing on
heterogeneous photocatalysis, sustainable chemistry, energy
conversion and storage, nanotechnology, chemical engineering,
environmental protection, optoelectronics, sensors, and surface and
interface science. Juan Carlos Colmenares is a Professor at the
Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Poland. Yi-Jun Xu is a Professor at the State Key Laboratory of
Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry,
Fuzhou University, China.
This comprehensive work explores interfacial instability and
pattern formation in dynamic systems away from the equilibrium
state in solidification and crystal growth. Further, this
significantly expanded 2nd edition introduces and reviews the
progress made during the last two decades. In particular, it
describes the most prominent pattern formation phenomena commonly
observed in material processing and crystal growth in the framework
of the previously established interfacial wave theory, including
free dendritic growth from undercooled melt, cellular growth and
eutectic growth in directional solidification, as well as viscous
fingering in Hele-Shaw flow. It elucidates the key problems,
systematically derives their mathematical solutions by pursuing a
unified, asymptotic approach, and finally carefully examines these
results by comparing them with the available experimental results.
The asymptotic approach described here will be useful for the
investigation of pattern formation phenomena occurring in a much
broader class of inhomogeneous dynamical systems. In addition, the
results on global stability and selection mechanisms of pattern
formation will be of particular interest to researchers working on
material processing and crystal growth. The stability mechanisms of
a curved front and the pattern formation have been fundamental
subjects in the areas of condensed-matter physics, materials
science, crystal growth, and fluid mechanics for some time now.
This book offers a stimulating and insightful introduction for all
physicists, engineers and applied mathematicians working in the
fields of soft condensed-matter physics, materials science,
mechanical and chemical engineering, fluid dynamics, and nonlinear
sciences.
This proceedings volume introduces recent work on the storage,
retrieval and visualization of spatial Big Data, data-intensive
geospatial computing and related data quality issues. Further, it
addresses traditional topics such as multi-scale spatial data
representations, knowledge discovery, space-time modeling, and
geological applications. Spatial analysis and data mining are
increasingly facing the challenges of Big Data as more and more
types of crowd sourcing spatial data are used in GIScience, such as
movement trajectories, cellular phone calls, and social networks.
In order to effectively manage these massive data collections, new
methods and algorithms are called for. The book highlights
state-of-the-art advances in the handling and application of
spatial data, especially spatial Big Data, offering a cutting-edge
reference guide for graduate students, researchers and
practitioners in the field of GIScience.
The book explains the principles and fundamentals of photocatalysis
and highlights the current developments and future potential of the
green-chemistry-oriented applications of various inorganic,
organic, and hybrid photocatalysts. The book consists of eleven
chapters, including the principles and fundamentals of
heterogeneous photocatalysis; the mechanisms and dynamics of
surface photocatalysis; research on TiO2-based composites with
unique nanostructures; the latest developments and advances in
exploiting photocatalyst alternatives to TiO2; and photocatalytic
materials for applications other than the traditional degradation
of pollutants, such as carbon dioxide reduction, water oxidation, a
complete spectrum of selective organic transformations and water
splitting by photocatalytic reduction. In addition, heterogeneized
polyoxometalate materials for photocatalytic purposes and the
proper design of photocatalytic reactors and modeling of light are
also discussed. This book appeals to a wide readership of the
academic and industrial researchers and it can also be used in the
classroom for undergraduate and graduate students focusing on
heterogeneous photocatalysis, sustainable chemistry, energy
conversion and storage, nanotechnology, chemical engineering,
environmental protection, optoelectronics, sensors, and surface and
interface science. Juan Carlos Colmenares is a Professor at the
Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Poland. Yi-Jun Xu is a Professor at the State Key Laboratory of
Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry,
Fuzhou University, China.
Information systems (IS)/Information technology(IT) has become an
essential part and a major resource of the organization. IS/IT is a
major resource that can radically affect the structure of an
organisation, the way it serves customers, and the way it helps
people in organisations to communicate both internally and
externally, and the way an organisation runs its business. Managing
information and information systems effectively and efficiently
have become an essential part of the life of 21st century managers.
This book is about Managing information and information systems and
focuses on relationships between information, information
systems/information technology, people and business. The impacts,
roles, risks, challenges as well as emerging trends of information
systems will be an important element of the book. At the same time,
many strategic and contemporary uses of information systems such as
implementing enterprise planning systems for improving internal
operation, adopting customer relationship management systems and
supply chain management systems to enhance relations with customers
and suppliers/partners respectively, and establishing knowledge
management systems for better managing organizational knowledge
resources as well as using different information systems for
supporting managers' decision making in all levels will be an
integral part of the book. In addition, essential and critical
information systems management skills including using information
systems for competitive advantages, planning and evaluating
information systems, system development & implementing
information systems, and managing information systems operations
will be a critical part of the book.
This book describes the setup of digital enterprises and how to
manage them, focusing primarily on the important knowledge and
essential understanding of digital enterprise management required
by managers and decision makers in organizations. It covers ten
essential knowledge areas of this field: * Foundation of Digital
Enterprise * Technology Foundation and Talent Management for
Digital Enterprise * Digital Enterprise Strategy Planning and
Implementation * B2C Digital Enterprise: E-tailing * B2C Digital
Enterprise: E-Services * B2B Digital Enterprise and Supply Chain *
Digital Platforms * Digital Marketing and Advertising * Digital
Payment Systems * Mobile Enterprise Overall, this text provides the
reader with the basics to understand the rapid development of
digitization, facilitated by the dramatic advancements in digital
technologies, extensively connected networks, and wider adoption of
computing devices (especially mobile devices), as more and more
organizations are realizing the strategic importance of
digitization (e.g., sustainable growth of the organization,
competitive advantage development and enhancement) and are
embarking on digital enterprise.
Information systems (IS)/Information technology(IT) has become an
essential part and a major resource of the organization. IS/IT is a
major resource that can radically affect the structure of an
organisation, the way it serves customers, and the way it helps
people in organisations to communicate both internally and
externally, and the way an organisation runs its business. Managing
information and information systems effectively and efficiently
have become an essential part of the life of 21st century managers.
This book is about Managing information and information systems and
focuses on relationships between information, information
systems/information technology, people and business. The impacts,
roles, risks, challenges as well as emerging trends of information
systems will be an important element of the book. At the same time,
many strategic and contemporary uses of information systems such as
implementing enterprise planning systems for improving internal
operation, adopting customer relationship management systems and
supply chain management systems to enhance relations with customers
and suppliers/partners respectively, and establishing knowledge
management systems for better managing organizational knowledge
resources as well as using different information systems for
supporting managers' decision making in all levels will be an
integral part of the book. In addition, essential and critical
information systems management skills including using information
systems for competitive advantages, planning and evaluating
information systems, system development & implementing
information systems, and managing information systems operations
will be a critical part of the book.
Convective flow in the liquid phase is always present in a
realistic process of freezing and melting and may significantly
affect the dynamics and results of the process. The study of the
interplay of growth and convection flow during the solidification
has been an important subject in the broad fields of materials
science, condensed matter physics, fluid physics, micro-gravity
science, etc. The present book is concerned with the dynamics of
free dendritic growth with convective flow in the melt. It
systematically presents the results obtained in terms of a unified
asymptotic approach in the framework of the interfacial wave (IFW)
theory. In particular, the book explores the effect of the various
types of convection flow on the selection and pattern formation of
dendritic growth based on the global stability analysis.
Convective flow in the liquid phase is always present in a
realistic process of freezing and melting and may significantly
affect the dynamics and results of the process. The study of the
interplay of growth and convection flow during the solidification
has been an important subject in the broad fields of materials
science, condensed matter physics, fluid physics, micro-gravity
science, etc. The present book is concerned with the dynamics of
free dendritic growth with convective flow in the melt. It
systematically presents the results obtained in terms of a unified
asymptotic approach in the framework of the interfacial wave (IFW)
theory. In particular, the book explores the effect of the various
types of convection flow on the selection and pattern formation of
dendritic growth based on the global stability analysis.
This open access book describes the theory of transformation
thermotics and its extended theories for the active control of
macroscopic thermal phenomena of artificial systems, which is in
sharp contrast to classical thermodynamics comprising the four
thermodynamic laws for the passive description of macroscopic
thermal phenomena of natural systems. This monograph consists of
two parts, i.e., inside and outside metamaterials, and covers the
basic concepts and mathematical methods, which are necessary to
understand the thermal problems extensively investigated in
physics, but also in other disciplines of engineering and
materials. The analyses rely on models solved by analytical
techniques accompanied by computer simulations and laboratory
experiments. This monograph can not only be a bridge linking three
first-class disciplines, i.e., physics, thermophysics, and
materials science, but also contribute to interdisciplinary
development.
This open access book describes the theory of transformation
thermotics and its extended theories for the active control of
macroscopic thermal phenomena of artificial systems, which is in
sharp contrast to classical thermodynamics comprising the four
thermodynamic laws for the passive description of macroscopic
thermal phenomena of natural systems. This monograph consists of
two parts, i.e., inside and outside metamaterials, and covers the
basic concepts and mathematical methods, which are necessary to
understand the thermal problems extensively investigated in
physics, but also in other disciplines of engineering and
materials. The analyses rely on models solved by analytical
techniques accompanied by computer simulations and laboratory
experiments. This monograph can not only be a bridge linking three
first-class disciplines, i.e., physics, thermophysics, and
materials science, but also contribute to interdisciplinary
development.
This book focuses on the evaluation of wave energy in the Maritime
Silk Road. Firstly, it compares wave energy and other main energy
sources, and then discusses the various disadvantages. It also
presents the current research and the difficulties of wave energy
evaluation, and systematically analyzes the climatic
characteristics of the wave energy, including the temporal-spatial
distribution and climatic trend of a series of key factors (e.g.
wave power density, availability, richness, stability, energy
direction, energy storage). It then describes the design of a
short-term forecasting scheme and a long-term projection scheme of
wave energy suitable for the Maritime Silk Road, to serve as a plan
for the daily operation and long-term development of wave energy.
Further, it highlights the wave energy analysis and decision-making
in the context of the remote islands and reefs, using Sri Lanka is
taken as a case study. Lastly, it presents the first wave energy
resource dataset for the Maritime Silk Road. This book is one of a
series of publications on the 21st century Maritime Silk Road
(shortened as "Maritime Silk Road") that covers the characteristics
of the marine environment and marine new energy, remote islands and
reef construction, climate change, early warning of wave disasters,
legal escort, marine environment and energy big data construction,
contributing to the safe and efficient construction of the Maritime
Silk Road. It aims to improve our knowledge of the ocean, and so
improve the capacity for marine construction, enhance the viability
of remote islands and reefs, ease the energy crisis and protect the
ecological environment and improve the quality of life of residents
along the Maritime Silk Road, as well as to protect the rights, and
interests of the countries and regions participating in the
construction of the Maritime Silk Road. This book is a valuable
reference resource for decision-makers, researchers, and marine
engineers working in the related fields.
This book focuses on the evaluation of wave energy in the Maritime
Silk Road. Firstly, it compares wave energy and other main energy
sources, and then discusses the various disadvantages. It also
presents the current research and the difficulties of wave energy
evaluation, and systematically analyzes the climatic
characteristics of the wave energy, including the temporal-spatial
distribution and climatic trend of a series of key factors (e.g.
wave power density, availability, richness, stability, energy
direction, energy storage). It then describes the design of a
short-term forecasting scheme and a long-term projection scheme of
wave energy suitable for the Maritime Silk Road, to serve as a plan
for the daily operation and long-term development of wave energy.
Further, it highlights the wave energy analysis and decision-making
in the context of the remote islands and reefs, using Sri Lanka is
taken as a case study. Lastly, it presents the first wave energy
resource dataset for the Maritime Silk Road. This book is one of a
series of publications on the 21st century Maritime Silk Road
(shortened as "Maritime Silk Road") that covers the characteristics
of the marine environment and marine new energy, remote islands and
reef construction, climate change, early warning of wave disasters,
legal escort, marine environment and energy big data construction,
contributing to the safe and efficient construction of the Maritime
Silk Road. It aims to improve our knowledge of the ocean, and so
improve the capacity for marine construction, enhance the viability
of remote islands and reefs, ease the energy crisis and protect the
ecological environment and improve the quality of life of residents
along the Maritime Silk Road, as well as to protect the rights, and
interests of the countries and regions participating in the
construction of the Maritime Silk Road. This book is a valuable
reference resource for decision-makers, researchers, and marine
engineers working in the related fields.
Solid-State NMR Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysts and
Catalytic Reactions provides a comprehensive account of
state-of-the-art solid-state NMR techniques and the application of
these techniques in heterogeneous catalysts and related catalytic
reactions. It includes an introduction to the basic theory of
solid-state NMR and various frequently used techniques. Special
emphasis is placed on characterizing the framework and pore
structure, active site, guest-host interaction, and synthesis
mechanisms of heterogeneous catalysts using multinuclear one- and
two-dimensional solid-sate NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, various
in-situ solid-state NMR techniques and their applications in
investigation of the mechanism of industrially important catalytic
reactions are also discussed. Both the fundamentals and the latest
research results are covered, making the book suitable as a
reference guide for both experienced researchers in and newcomers
to this field. Feng Deng is a Professor at Wuhan Institute of
Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Understand the fundamental factors of data storage system
performance and master an essential analytical skill using block
trace via applications such as MATLAB and Python tools. You will
increase your productivity and learn the best techniques for doing
specific tasks (such as analyzing the IO pattern in a quantitative
way, identifying the storage system bottleneck, and designing the
cache policy). In the new era of IoT, big data, and cloud systems,
better performance and higher density of storage systems has become
crucial. To increase data storage density, new techniques have
evolved and hybrid and parallel access techniques-together with
specially designed IO scheduling and data migration algorithms-are
being deployed to develop high-performance data storage solutions.
Among the various storage system performance analysis techniques,
IO event trace analysis (block-level trace analysis particularly)
is one of the most common approaches for system optimization and
design. However, the task of completing a systematic survey is
challenging and very few works on this topic exist. Block Trace
Analysis and Storage System Optimization brings together
theoretical analysis (such as IO qualitative properties and
quantitative metrics) and practical tools (such as trace parsing,
analysis, and results reporting perspectives). The book provides
content on block-level trace analysis techniques, and includes case
studies to illustrate how these techniques and tools can be applied
in real applications (such as SSHD, RAID, Hadoop, and Ceph
systems). What You'll Learn Understand the fundamental factors of
data storage system performance Master an essential analytical
skill using block trace via various applications Distinguish how
the IO pattern differs in the block level from the file level Know
how the sequential HDFS request becomes "fragmented" in final
storage devices Perform trace analysis tasks with a tool based on
the MATLAB and Python platforms Who This Book Is For IT
professionals interested in storage system performance
optimization: network administrators, data storage managers, data
storage engineers, storage network engineers, systems engineers
Frank Murray opens the narrative with a history of acupuncture,
then co-author Dr. Jun Xu explains how acupunctures "magic needles"
release a natural energy that can alleviate even longstanding
health conditions - including asthma, bronchitis, substance abuse,
headaches, and hypertension. He continues with a discussion of how
acupuncture works, what conditions are most responsive to it, and
which treatments are approved by physicians and health
organziations. Case histories, tips for practitioners, a glossary
of terms, and a reference section is included.
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