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The scientific work of Walther Birkmayer is grounded on his ability
to turn what was often a mass of clinical details into the basis
for a hypothesis for a new therapeutic approach toward solving the
problems of a patient's illness. Birkmayer first became known when,
during the Second World War, he built up a clinic for brain
injuries in Vienna, in which over 3000 patients were treated. The
study of changes in the autonomic functions of the nervous system
in these patients as well as the problems of rehabilitation were
published in a monograph, "Hirn- verletzungen". Consequently, this
was his major scientific interest during the post-war years. His
book, "Klinik und Therapie der vegetativen Funktionsstorungen"
published with W. Winkler, brought Birkmayer recognition in the
German-speaking world. In 1954 he took over the Neurological
Department of the Geriatric Hospital of Vienna in Lainz, where he
remained until his retirement in 1975. International acclaim
followed his breakthrough with the clinical application of L-DOPA
in Parkinson's disease. Birkmayer, as a strong adherent to the
scientific interpretation of neurological and psychiatric disease,
has encouraged multidisciplinary research. This is reflected in his
establishment of the former Ludwig Boltzmann- Institute of
Neurochemistry, in which pharmacological, biochemical and
histopathological research into neuropsychiatric diseases was
performed under one roof. Further to his initial work on L-DOPA,
Birkmayer has been in the forefront of supplementary parkinsonian
therapy using enzyme inhibitors: benserazide in 1967, unselective
monoamine oxidase inhibitors in 1962 and deprenyl in 1975.
More than 150 years have passed since involvement of the nervous
system in leukemia was first reported by BURNS, while the
possibility of the primary brain tumor derived from the
lymphoreticular tissue was recognized much later. BAILEY in 1929
described such neoplasms under the term perithelial sarcoma. Later
these tumors of the nervous system have been variously designated
as "Perivascular of perithelial sarcomas, reticulum cell sarcomas
or microgliomas," as controversy has evolved and still exists on
the definition of this group of neoplasms and on the nature of
their cells of origin. Much of the unfortunate confusion concerning
the neoplastic lesions attributed to "microglia" and other
derivations of the RE system arose because their close relationship
to extra neural cells has been ignored. On the other hand,
communication in the field of malignant lymphomas has become
increasingly difficult because of the termino logic maze and
conceptual diversities of traditional morphological classifica
tions that have limited valid comparisons. Although at present we
are still far from a precise recognition of the basic features of
lymphoproliferative processes and from a fairly general agreement
on the terminology of non-Hodgkin lymphomas, there is encouraging
evidence recently of some enlightment on the nature of tumor cells
that provides the basis for a reasonable and generally acceptable
lymphoma classification."
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