Grammars are gaining importance in natural language processing and computational biology as a means of encoding theories and structuring algorithms. But one serious obstacle to applications of grammars is that formal language theory traditionally classifies grammars according to their weak generative capacity (what sets of strings they generate) and tends to ignore strong generative capacity (what sets of structural descriptions they generate) even though the latter is more relevant to applications.

This book develops and demonstrates a framework for carrying out rigorous comparisons of grammar formalisms in terms of their usefulness for applications, focusing on three areas of application: statistical parsing, natural language translation, and biological sequence analysis. These results should pave the way for theoretical research to pursue results that are more directed towards applications, and for practical research to explore the use of advanced grammar formalisms more easily.

This volume covers current research in the usage of magnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery. It discusses synthesis methods, stabilizers used for surface coating on MNPs, and potential target ligands which can be used to ferry payloads to the targeted disease region. It also highlights the factors affecting delivery efficiency and toxicity, as well as the different routes of administration. The content also focus on the use of these carriers for gene therapy and to target brain tumors. This volume will be of interest to researchers working on drug discovery and delivery platforms.

Debates about public expenditure in the agricultural sector have reopened in many developing and emerging economies because of high budget deficits and changes in public opinion. As a result, agricultural policy in many of these countries is beginning to take a more market-oriented approach to agrarian problems, most notably through the introduction of contract farming. This book explores the policy issues around contract farming and its transformative potential and addresses the lack of empirical research on this topic by focusing on South Asia: principally India, Bangladesh and Nepal. The book first addresses the effects of contract farming (vertical coordination) on productivity, food security indicators (yield, consumption expenditures, prices), employment and input usage. Then it draws lessons from the South Asian case studies on the impact of institutional changes, like contract farming, on income and food security of smallholder households. The core of the book includes case study chapters on several commodities that are produced under contract farming, including vegetables and fisheries in Bangladesh, low-value crops in Nepal and coffee in India. Other chapters also explore contracts, storage, input usage and technical efficiency in these cases. This book serves as an essential guide to academics, researchers, students, legislative liaisons and think tank groups interested in agrarian issues, agricultural economics and agricultural policy in emerging economies and particularly in South Asia.

Combining data from nearly 100 interviews with national parliamentarians from ten Asian countries, the contributors to this book analyze and evaluate the advancement of gender equality in Asia. As of the year 2022, no country in Asia has gender parity in its parliament. Meanwhile, the proportion of national-level women parliamentarians in Asia averages a mere 20%. What is more important than simple descriptive representation, however, is whether outcomes for women are improving. Rather than focusing on numerical representation, the chapters in this book focus on the substantive representation of women. In other words, what do women and men parliamentarians do to advance women's well-being and gender equality? Using semi-structured interviews, the author of each chapter examines these efforts in the context of a specific Asian country. The case studies include Bangladesh, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, the Philippines, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, and Timor-Leste. The book is an essential resource for scholars and students of Asian politics and the politics of gender.

Combining data from nearly 100 interviews with national parliamentarians from ten Asian countries, the contributors to this book analyze and evaluate the advancement of gender equality in Asia. As of the year 2022, no country in Asia has gender parity in its parliament. Meanwhile, the proportion of national-level women parliamentarians in Asia averages a mere 20%. What is more important than simple descriptive representation, however, is whether outcomes for women are improving. Rather than focusing on numerical representation, the chapters in this book focus on the substantive representation of women. In other words, what do women and men parliamentarians do to advance women's well-being and gender equality? Using semi-structured interviews, the author of each chapter examines these efforts in the context of a specific Asian country. The case studies include Bangladesh, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, the Philippines, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, and Timor-Leste. The book is an essential resource for scholars and students of Asian politics and the politics of gender.

This book introduces the reader to drug delivery with specific emphasis on the use of nanoparticles. It covers properties, characterization, and preparation of different types of nanoparticles and discusses recent advances in their structural design and biomedical application, as well as the issues and challenges associated with their design and use. Some of the topics covered include the potential application of nanoparticles in biomedical fields, hazards associated with use of nanoparticles for drug delivery, size-dependent factors in drug delivery applications, different organic, inorganic and their hybrid systems used in drug delivery, etc. It also highlights use of nanoparticles in controlled and targeted drug delivery, and their application in stimuli-responsive, especially pH-responsive, drug release. Additionally, it also focuses on biomimetic nanoparticles, challenges faced in the designing of nanoparticles for drug delivery in cancer, viral and bacterial diseases. The contents of this volume will be useful to researchers and professionals working on advances in targeted drug delivery systems.

Debates about public expenditure in the agricultural sector have reopened in many developing and emerging economies because of high budget deficits and changes in public opinion. As a result, agricultural policy in many of these countries is beginning to take a more market-oriented approach to agrarian problems, most notably through the introduction of contract farming. This book explores the policy issues around contract farming and its transformative potential and addresses the lack of empirical research on this topic by focusing on South Asia: principally India, Bangladesh and Nepal. The book first addresses the effects of contract farming (vertical coordination) on productivity, food security indicators (yield, consumption expenditures, prices), employment and input usage. Then it draws lessons from the South Asian case studies on the impact of institutional changes, like contract farming, on income and food security of smallholder households. The core of the book includes case study chapters on several commodities that are produced under contract farming, including vegetables and fisheries in Bangladesh, low-value crops in Nepal and coffee in India. Other chapters also explore contracts, storage, input usage and technical efficiency in these cases. This book serves as an essential guide to academics, researchers, students, legislative liaisons and think tank groups interested in agrarian issues, agricultural economics and agricultural policy in emerging economies and particularly in South Asia.

"Strengthening Governance Globally" is the fifth volume in a series entitled "Patterns of Potential Human Progress" that explores prospects for human development and the improvement of the global human condition. Each volume considers one key aspect of how development appears to be unfolding globally, how we would like it to evolve, and how better to move it in desired directions. This large format, full color volume identifies the provision of security, the building of government capacity, and the broadening and deepening of inclusion as three dimensions of governance on which high-income countries have traditionally made long, halting, and somewhat sequential historical transitions. In contrast, many developing countries today struggle with all three governance transition dimensions simultaneously and in a relative rush to broadly defined development. The volume maps and uses the growing empirical database on governance variables for understanding historical change on these dimensions and in recent decades.

Strengthening Governance Globally is the fifth volume in a series entitled Patterns of Potential Human Progress that explores prospects for human development and the improvement of the global human condition. Each volume considers one key aspect of how development appears to be unfolding globally, how we would like it to evolve, and how better to move it in desired directions. This volume identifies the provision of security, the building of government capacity, and the broadening and deepening of inclusion as three dimensions of governance on which high-income countries have traditionally made long, halting, and somewhat sequential historical transitions. In contrast, many developing countries today struggle with all three governance transition dimensions simultaneously and in a relative rush to broadly defined development. The volume maps and uses the growing empirical database on governance variables for understanding historical change on these dimensions and in recent decades.

Nestle s Moga factory was set up in 1961 and comprises of the primary milk collection area for Nestle s operations. Since its inception in Moga, Nestle has been working with its milk farmers and ancillary suppliers towards improving quality and productivity. The study presented in this book (carried out by the Third World Centre for Water Management, Mexico) highlights Nestle s way of doing business through its philosophy of "Creating Shared Value" (CSV) and how it contributed to the development of the region over the past 50 years through direct and indirect employment, steady income for milk and other suppliers, and technology transfer.The main objective of the study is to learn to what extent has Nestle contributed to fulfilling the societal aspirations and expectations of the people working in and around its factory in terms of employment generation, poverty alleviation, general improvements in the community s standards of living and environmental conservation. The study also tried to determine to what extent has the company created shared value for itself, milk farmers, ancillary firms, and the community at large. This effort aims at encouraging more research to be carried out to comprehensively and authoritatively look into the impacts private sector can have on and around the area where their factories are located and that way, contribute to our understanding of social-corporate-government interdependency.An important aspect of this pioneering monograph is the methodology that could be used to study how "Corporate Social Responsibility" (CSR) or "Creating Shared Value "(CSV) of a large multinational company can be properly monitored and objectively evaluated at a region-specific scale, especially as very few studies of this nature have been carried out anywhere in the world. This definitive book is further enriched by a foreword by Prof. Michael Porter of Harvard Business School and an epilogue by Peter Brabeck-Letmathe and Paul Bulcke, Chairman of the Board and CEO of Nestle respectively."

This volume covers current research in the usage of magnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery. It discusses synthesis methods, stabilizers used for surface coating on MNPs, and potential target ligands which can be used to ferry payloads to the targeted disease region. It also highlights the factors affecting delivery efficiency and toxicity, as well as the different routes of administration. The content also focus on the use of these carriers for gene therapy and to target brain tumors. This volume will be of interest to researchers working on drug discovery and delivery platforms.

This book introduces the reader to drug delivery with specific emphasis on the use of nanoparticles. It covers properties, characterization, and preparation of different types of nanoparticles and discusses recent advances in their structural design and biomedical application, as well as the issues and challenges associated with their design and use. Some of the topics covered include the potential application of nanoparticles in biomedical fields, hazards associated with use of nanoparticles for drug delivery, size-dependent factors in drug delivery applications, different organic, inorganic and their hybrid systems used in drug delivery, etc. It also highlights use of nanoparticles in controlled and targeted drug delivery, and their application in stimuli-responsive, especially pH-responsive, drug release. Additionally, it also focuses on biomimetic nanoparticles, challenges faced in the designing of nanoparticles for drug delivery in cancer, viral and bacterial diseases. The contents of this volume will be useful to researchers and professionals working on advances in targeted drug delivery systems.

Many areas of language-related research - language processing, linguistic semantics/pragmatics, speech understanding and synthesis, and psychological theories of attention - have shown an increasing need to describe and understand aspects of discourse anaphora in relation to both processing complexity and the global structure of discourse. A major problem in this area is the large gap between existing theories and accounts of actual phenomena in naturally occurring discourse. This work is an account of one aspect of discourse, local discourse structure, that makes specific claims about both processing complexity and discourse anaphora. The book focuses on Centering Theory's ability to account for data from naturally occurring discourse in several languages. The contributors test empirically several claims of Centering Theory, propose extensions to and refinements of Centering, and show how Centering can be integrated with other aspects of discourse structure and processing.

"Lost in America" is a story of Kabin, a young guy, who comes to America with full of dreams and hopes for the future. Kabin struggles a lot to adjust to the American system, and goes through the ordeals of a first generation immigrant. After seventeen years, he finds himself trapped in America within his intricate personal and family life. He shows his strong desire to return back to his homeland, shows frustrations that he could not contribute anything to his country and starts doubting that his patriotism was actually an illusion. On the other aspect, Kabin acquires a strong personality, positive attitude, self confidence and strength to face the challenges. This book tries to bring the reader closer to understanding the process of transformation bringing the issue of changing from what the person was before - to a new realized person in a new culture. This process is identified as to how little time an immigrant gets to experience the opportunity of change - rather once his attention is able to be a focus of his personal "intention" then anything is possible. The story reflects upon the creative process that comes with self mastery and in this the writer assures himself a place in the history books as one person who, by personal diligence achieves that which many of us dream about - a transformed self.

This book Kungchido modern use of chi with new method of self-defense (Volume II) is about the Kungchido as a new method of self-defense and internal energy Chi and way to cultivate that energy using breathing exercises BodhiLu. A birth of Kungchido took place not only blending Kung-Fu, Karate & Tai-chi together along with other unique techniques of self-defense, meditation, breathing and internal energy cultivation. Kungchido illustrates exercises for strengthening personal life energy to heal oneself and trying to help others. This energy chi is equally valuable in our daily life or for martial artist to understand and implement Chi as required. Learning more about Chi will have a great positive impact in your daily life to release stresses and be more confident than ever. It also established the strong connection between modern martial arts and Siddhartha, then Buddha's teaching of non-violence self defense practice. Kungchido made the great attempt to put the missing links from Siddhartha's Period to Boddhidharama's period regarding modern martial arts history; however more research is needed as there was nearly 1089 years of gap. to access the essence of mind power through movements and breathing techniques. It includes breathing exercise BodhiLu1a series of basic katas of Kungchido (ShaoLu 1,2,3,4,5), advance katas (Kungchido 1,2 and Bodhisi), training, sparring theories and exercises accompanied by photographs, for strengthening, smoothing, balancing, and transmitting energy. It also includes defense against knife and key theory of Kungchido sparring as a helpful tips for self-defense for general people.